全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3122篇 |
免费 | 386篇 |
国内免费 | 520篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 325篇 |
大气科学 | 340篇 |
地球物理 | 734篇 |
地质学 | 1510篇 |
海洋学 | 341篇 |
天文学 | 315篇 |
综合类 | 174篇 |
自然地理 | 289篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 9篇 |
2023年 | 50篇 |
2022年 | 149篇 |
2021年 | 152篇 |
2020年 | 143篇 |
2019年 | 135篇 |
2018年 | 162篇 |
2017年 | 123篇 |
2016年 | 177篇 |
2015年 | 150篇 |
2014年 | 169篇 |
2013年 | 176篇 |
2012年 | 157篇 |
2011年 | 199篇 |
2010年 | 199篇 |
2009年 | 179篇 |
2008年 | 158篇 |
2007年 | 152篇 |
2006年 | 142篇 |
2005年 | 105篇 |
2004年 | 93篇 |
2003年 | 79篇 |
2002年 | 94篇 |
2001年 | 75篇 |
2000年 | 86篇 |
1999年 | 88篇 |
1998年 | 75篇 |
1997年 | 60篇 |
1996年 | 50篇 |
1995年 | 53篇 |
1994年 | 62篇 |
1993年 | 45篇 |
1992年 | 34篇 |
1991年 | 22篇 |
1990年 | 22篇 |
1989年 | 12篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1987年 | 24篇 |
1986年 | 17篇 |
1985年 | 12篇 |
1984年 | 14篇 |
1983年 | 11篇 |
1982年 | 21篇 |
1981年 | 14篇 |
1980年 | 15篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1976年 | 9篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 6篇 |
排序方式: 共有4028条查询结果,搜索用时 296 毫秒
101.
Laurence Le Callonnec Alain Person Maurice Renard René Létolle Nathalie Nebout Leila Ben Khelifa Ivan Rubanov 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2005,337(12):1035-1044
The withdrawal of the Aral Sea tributaries (Amu and Syr Daria) for cultures has led to significant falls of its level and an important increase in its salinity. During the Holocene, a succession of low and high water inputs occurred. Silty deposits correspond to the high levels and carbonates to the low levels. This study makes a distinction between the Syr Daria and the Amu Daria water inputs during low-level periods by using mineralogical and chemical compositions of the carbonates deposits. Waters from the Syr Daria are more sulphatic and have a low iron content in comparison with that of the Amu Daria. The Syr Daria was the major tributary around 7500, 4956 and 970 yr?BP, whereas around 6200 and 3610 yr?BP, inflow also from the Amu Daria is observed. To cite this article: L. Le Callonnec et al., C. R. Geoscience 337 (2005). 相似文献
102.
Mélanie Davranche Olivier Pourret Gérard Gruau Aline Dia Martine Le Coz-Bouhnik 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2005,69(20):4825-4835
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of organic complexation on the development of Ce anomalies and the lanthanide tetrad effect during the adsorption of rare-earth elements (REE) onto MnO2. Two types of aqueous solutions—NaCl and NaNO3—were tested at pH 5 and 7.5. Time-series experiments indicate that a steady-state is reached within less than 10 h when REE occur as free inorganic species, whereas steady state is not reached before 10 d when REE occur as REE-humate complexes. The distribution coefficients (KdREE) between suspended MnO2 and solution show no or only very weak positive Ce anomaly or lanthanide tetrad effect when REE occur as humate complexes, unlike the results obtained in experiments with REE occurring as free inorganic species. Monitoring of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations show that log KdREEorganic/KdDOC ratios are close to 1.0, implying that the REE and humate remain bound to each other upon adsorption. Most likely, the Ce anomaly reduction/suppression in the organic experiments arises from a combination of two processes: (i) inability of MnO2 to oxidize Ce(III) because of shielding of MnO2 surfaces by humate molecules and (ii) Ce(IV) cannot be preferentially removed from solution due to quantitative complexation of the REE by organic matter. We suggest that the lack of lanthanide tetrad effect arises because the adsorption of REE-humate complexes onto MnO2 occurs dominantly via the humate side of the complexes (anionic adsorption), thereby preventing expression of the differences in Racah parameters for 4f electron repulsion between REE and the oxide surface. The results presented here explain why, despite the development of strongly oxidizing conditions and the presence of MnO2 in the aquifer, no (or insignificant) negative Ce anomalies are observed in organic-rich waters. The present study demonstrates experimentally that the Ce anomaly cannot be used as a reliable proxy of redox conditions in organic-rich waters or in precipitates formed at equilibrium with organic-rich waters. 相似文献
103.
Fan Zhang Xiong Xiao Lijie Wang Chen Zeng Zhengliang Yu Guanxing Wang Xiaonan Shi 《水文研究》2021,35(8):e14330
Climate factors play critical roles in controlling chemical weathering, while chemically weathered surface material can regulate climate change. To estimate global chemical weathering fluxes and CO2 balance, it is important to identify the characteristics and driving factors of chemical weathering and CO2 consumption on the Tibetan Plateau, especially in glaciated catchments. The analysis of the hydro-geochemical data indicated that silicate weathering in this area was inhibited by low temperatures, while carbonate weathering was promoted by the abundant clastic rocks with fresh surfaces produced by glacial action. Carbonate weathering dominated the riverine solute generation (with a contribution of 58%, 51%, and 43% at the QiangYong Glacier (QYG), the WengGuo Hydrological Station (WGHS), and the lake estuary (LE), respectively). The oxidation of pyrite contributed to 35%, 42%, and 30% of the riverine solutes, while silicate weathering contributed to 5%, 6%, and 26% of the riverine solutes at the QYG, WGHS, and LE, respectively. The alluvial deposit of easily weathering fine silicate minerals, the higher air temperature, plant density, and soil thickness at the downstream LE in comparison to upstream and midstream may lead to longer contact time between pore water and mineral materials, thus enhancing the silicate weathering. Because of the involvement of sulfuric acid produced by the oxidation of pyrite, carbonate weathering in the upstream and midstream did not consume atmospheric CO2, resulting in the high rate of carbonate weathering (73.9 and 75.6 t km−2 yr−1, respectively, in maximum) and potential net release of CO2 (with an upper constraint of 35.6 and 35.2 t km−2 yr−1, respectively) at the QYG and WGHS. The above results indicate the potential of the glaciated area of the Tibetan Plateau with pyrite deposits being a substantial natural carbon source, which deserves further investigation. 相似文献
104.
Three dimensional numerical simulation of residential building on shrink–swell soils in response to climatic conditions
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Shrink–swell soils can cause distresses in buildings, and every year, the economic loss associated with this problem is huge. This paper presents a comprehensive system for simulating the soil–foundation–building system and its response to daily weather conditions. Weather data include rainfall, solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed, all of which are readily available from a local weather station or the Internet. These data are used to determine simulation flux boundary conditions. Different methods are proposed to simulate different boundary conditions: bare soil, trees, and vegetation. A coupled hydro‐mechanical stress analysis is used to simulate the volume change of shrink–swell soils due to both mechanical stress and water content variations. Coupled hydro‐mechanical stress‐jointed elements are used to simulate the interaction between the soil and the slab, and general shell elements are used to simulate structural behavior. All the models are combined into one finite element program to predict the entire system's behavior. This paper first described the theory for the simulations. A site in Arlington, Texas, is then selected to demonstrate the application of the proposed system. Simulation results are shown, and a comparison between measured and predicted movements for four footings in Arlington, Texas, over a 2‐year period is presented. Finally, a three‐dimensional simulation is made for a virtual residential building on shrink–swell soils to identify the influence of various factors. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
105.
We propose a discrete element model for brittle rupture. The material consists of a bidimensional set of closed‐packed particles in contact. We explore the isotropic elastic behavior of this regular structure to derive a rupture criterion compatible to continuum mechanics. We introduce a classical criterion of mixed mode crack propagation based on the value of the stress intensity factors, obtained by the analysis of two adjacent contacts near a crack tip. Hence, the toughness becomes a direct parameter of the model, without any calibration procedure. We verify the consistency of the formulation as well as its convergence by comparison with theoretical solutions of tensile cracks, a pre‐cracked beam, and an inclined crack under biaxial stress. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
106.
Segmentation and kinematics of the North America‐Caribbean plate boundary offshore Hispaniola
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《地学学报》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Sylvie Leroy Nadine Ellouz‐Zimmermann Jordane Corbeau Frédérique Rolandone Bernard Mercier de Lépinay Bertrand Meyer Roberte Momplaisir José‐Luis Granja Bruña Anne Battani Céline Baurion Evgueni Burov Valérie Clouard Rémy Deschamps Christian Gorini Youri Hamon Manfred Lafosse Jottin Leonel Laetitia Le Pourhiet Pilar Llanes Estrada Nicolas Loget Francis Lucazeau Daniel Pillot Jeffrey Poort Kevin R. Tankoo José‐Luis Cuevas José‐Fernando Alcaide Claude Jean Poix Alfonso Muñoz‐Martin Serge Mitton Yamil Rodriguez Julien Schmitz Leonardo Seeber Andres Carbo‐Gorosabel Santiago Muñoz 《地学学报》2015,27(6):467-478
We explored the submarine portions of the Enriquillo–Plantain Garden Fault zone (EPGFZ) and the Septentrional–Oriente Fault zone (SOFZ) along the Northern Caribbean plate boundary using high‐resolution multibeam echo‐sounding and shallow seismic reflection. The bathymetric data shed light on poorly documented or previously unknown submarine fault zones running over 200 km between Haiti and Jamaica (EPGFZ) and 300 km between the Dominican Republic and Cuba (SOFZ). The primary plate‐boundary structures are a series of strike‐slip fault segments associated with pressure ridges, restraining bends, step overs and dogleg offsets indicating very active tectonics. Several distinct segments 50–100 km long cut across pre‐existing structures inherited from former tectonic regimes or bypass recent morphologies formed under the current strike‐slip regime. Along the most recent trace of the SOFZ, we measured a strike‐slip offset of 16.5 km, which indicates steady activity for the past ~1.8 Ma if its current GPS‐derived motion of 9.8 ± 2 mm a?1 has remained stable during the entire Quaternary. 相似文献
107.
108.
109.
Soil cracking effects on hydrological and erosive processes: a study case in Mediterranean cultivated vertisols
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《水文研究》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Nesrine Inoubli Damien Raclot Roger Moussa Hamadi Habaieb Yves Le Bissonnais 《水文研究》2016,30(22):4154-4167
Shrink–swell soils, such as those in a Mediterranean climate regime, can cause changes in terms of hydrological and erosive responses because of the changing soil water storage conditions. Only a limited number of long‐term studies have focused on the impacts on both hydrological and erosive responses and their interactions in an agricultural environment. In this context, this study aims to document the dynamics of cracks, runoff and soil erosion within a small Mediterranean cultivated catchment and to quantify the influence of crack processes on the water and sediment supplied to a reservoir located at the catchment outlet using water and sediment measurements at a cultivated field outlet as baseline. Detailed monitoring of the presence of topsoil cracks was conducted within the Kamech catchment (ORE OMERE, Tunisia), and runoff and suspended sediment loads were continuously measured over a long period of time (2005–2012) at the outlets of a field (1.32 ha) and a catchment (263 ha). Analysis of the data showed that topsoil cracks were open approximately half of the year and that the rainfall regime and water table level conditions locally control the seasonal cracking dynamics. Topsoil cracks appeared to seriously affect the generation of runoff and sediment concentrations and, consequently, sediment yields, with similar dynamics observed at the field and catchment outlets. A similar time lag in the seasonality between water and sediment delivery was observed at these two scales: although the runoff rates were globally low during the presence of topsoil cracks, most sediment transport occurred during this period associated with very high sediment concentrations. This study underlines the importance of a good prediction of runoff during the presence of cracks for reservoir siltation considerations. In this context, the prediction of cracking effects on runoff and soil erosion is a key factor for the development of effective soil and water management strategies and downstream reservoir preservation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
110.