Comparative Study on Rock Breaking Performances by Arc and Wedge TBM Hob with Two Blades     

Zhang  Xuhui  Wu  Junjie  Hu  Dingbang  He  Miaolei  Xia  Yimin 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2021,39(6):4581-4591

To compare the rock breaking performances caused by the arc and wedge hob with two blades, a rock cutting model with two hob blades is established and a series of rock cutting simulations are performed based on the particle flow code. Meanwhile, the rock breaking process, crack extension pattern, rock cutting force and rock cutting efficiency etc. are investigated in this study. The results present that the rock breaking area and the lateral crack length induced by the arc blades is much greater than that induced by the wedge blades. The optimal cutting spacing of the arc and wedge blades is 60 mm and 30 mm respectively. It confirms that the wedge blades can significantly reduce the rock cutting force and raise the rock cutting efficiency compared with the arc blades, which can provide a reference for the hard rock tunneling by the tunnel boring machine.

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多视线向InSAR形变场约束的改则地震滑动分布反演     

洪顺英  刘智荣  申旭辉  陈立泽  荆凤  戴娅琼 《遥感学报》2015,19(2):288-301

利用3种不同视线向LOS(Line Of Sight)的ENVISAT ASAR数据进行干涉处理,提取多视线向(Multi-LOS)的同震形变场;结合同震形变场特征与震源机制解,构建了改则地震双断层破裂模型;利用四叉树采样后的多视线向同震形变场进行约束,通过梯度下降法(Steepest Descent Method,SDM)与Crust2.0地壳分层模型反演了改则地震的同震滑动分布特征。结果表明:反演的形变残差得到有效控制,基本介于0±10 cm之间;主震断层的滑动量主要位于断层面2—16 km深部,最大滑动量可达1.34 m,位于断层面6.4 km深处;余震断层滑动量主要位于断层面2—6 km深部,最大滑动量可达0.90 m,位于断层面3.52 km深处;主震断层与余震断层均以正断为主,但主震断层还具有一定的左旋走滑分量,而余震断层的左旋走滑不明显;当剪切模量μ取3.2×1010Pa时,反演获得的主震与余震地震矩M0分别为6.34×1018N·M与1.20×1018N·M,分别相当于矩震级MW6.47与MW5.98。  相似文献   

Heat flux apportionment to heterogeneous surfaces using flux footprint analysis     

彭谷亮  蔡旭晖  张宏升  李爱国  胡非 《大气科学进展》2008,25(1):107-116

Heat flux data collected from the Baiyangdian Heterogeneous Field Experiment were analyzed using the footprint method. High resolution （25 m） Landsat-5 satellite imaging was used to determine the land cover as one of four surface types： farmland, lake, wetland, or village. Data from two observation sites in September 2005 were used. One site （Wangjiazhai） was characterized by highly heterogeneous surfaces in the central area of the Baiyangdian： lake/wetland. The other site （Xiongxian） was on land with more uniform surface cover. An improved Eulerian analytical flux footprint model was used to determine “source areas” of the heat fluxes measured at towers located at each site from surrounding landscapes of mixed surface types. In relative terms results show that wetland and lake areas generally contributed most to the observed heat flux at Wangjiazhai, while farmland contributed most at Xiongxian. Given the areal distribution of surface type contributions, calculations were made to obtain the magnitudes of the heat flux from lake, wetland and farmland to the total observed flux and apportioned contributions of each surface type to the sensible and latent heat fluxes. Results show that on average the sensible heat flux from wetland and farmland were comparable over the diurnal cycle, while the latent heat flux from farmland was somewhat larger by about 30-50 W m-2 during daytime. The latent and sensible fluxes from the lake source in daytime were about 50 W m-2 and 100 W m-2 less, respectively, than from wetland and farmland. The results are judged reasonable and serve to demonstrate the potential for flux apportionment over heterogeneous surfaces.  相似文献   

A Modelling Study of Flux Imbalance and the Influence of Entrainment in the Convective Boundary Layer   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

Jianping Huang  Xuhui Lee  Edward G. Patton 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2008,127(2):273-292

It is frequently observed in field experiments that the eddy covariance heat fluxes are systematically underestimated as compared to the available energy. The flux imbalance problem is investigated using the NCAR’s large-eddy simulation (LES) model imbedded with an online scheme to calculate Reynolds-averaged fluxes. A top–down and a bottom–up tracer are implemented into the LES model to quantify the influence of entrainment and bottom–up diffusion processes on flux imbalance. The results show that the flux imbalance follows a set of universal functions that capture the exponential decreasing dependence on u _*/w _*, where u _* and w _* are friction velocity and the convective velocity scale, respectively, and an elliptic relationship to z/z _i , where z _i is the mixing-layer height. The source location in the boundary layer is an important factor controlling the imbalance magnitude and its horizontal and vertical distributions. The flux imbalance of heat and the bottom–up tracer is tightly related to turbulent coherent structures, whereas for the top–down diffusion, such relations are weak to nonexistent. Our results are broadly consistent with previous studies on the flux imbalance problem, suggesting that the published results are robust and are not artefacts of numerical schemes.  相似文献   

GPON光纤技术在山东地震信息网络中的应用     

吴晨  张坤  房晓亮  张芹  胡旭辉 《震灾防御技术》2013,8(1):104-112

简要介绍了山东省地震行业信息系统的组成和功能,以及新建系统的项目背景、建设需求。介绍了光纤通信的发展历程,Epon和Gpon技术的基本原理及优、缺点和采用光纤组网的技术优势,以及结合山东省地震局信息系统实际和今后业务的发展规划。同时考虑了如何设计、技术思路和实施方案,以使该设计思路和方案最大程度的发挥优势。  相似文献   

一个对流边界层大涡模式的建立与调试   总被引：12，自引：4，他引：12  

蔡旭晖  陈家宜 《大气科学》1995,19(4):415-421

本文介绍一个适合于对流边界层的大涡模式的建立及其调试结果。该大涡模式建立过程中注重于计算的节省，同时也强调原理与方法的简单和合理性。模式的调试表明，对于平坦均一地形的情况，模拟可以获得合理的结果。调试同时显示了模式对较低水平分辨率的适用条件，以及模式应用于模拟较大水平范围问题的可能性。  相似文献   

弯曲溢洪道挑流消能试验研究          下载免费PDF全文

李瑶  杨胜发  付旭辉 《水科学进展》2020,31(3):413-421

为避免加剧弯曲溢洪道的不良振动,对弯道水流的挑流消能问题进行研究。通过试验研究的方法,提出了一种适用于弯曲溢洪道的新型挑流消能工,结合渠底超高法对弯道水流的干扰,使水流在质量力的作用下分流,有效降低和减小了回水的流量范围,增加了挑流水舌的纵向长度。通过对比两种不同凹岸边墙半径的弯曲束窄差动式斜切挑坎和弯曲连续斜切挑坎的回流、挑流和分流等特性,根据水流运动特性和流线的几何关系,提出了一种判断该新型挑坎发生回水的半理论半经验方法。研究发现高坎的收缩程度和凹岸边墙半径是影响分流和回水的主要因素,通过对高坎水流运动特性的分析,拟合流量、凹岸边墙半径与高坎折冲水流出流方向角γ的经验公式,推导了高坎分流临界角度γc的计算表达式,计算结果与试验测量结果吻合良好,可以为弯道水流挑流消能的工程应用和运行提供参考。  相似文献   

2002年江苏主要农业气象灾害及其影响   总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2  

张旭晖高苹  霍金兰 《气象科技》2004,32(2):105-109

2002年江苏省日照略少，降水量分布不均，淮河以南地区多持续阴雨，对夏熟作物危害重；淮北北部地区夏秋连旱使稻麦种植面积减少；全省台风、暴雨少。夏熟作物生长不断遭遇气象灾害，属减产气候年景。水稻全生育期间气象条件利大于弊，获得丰收。棉花生育期气象条件有利有弊，属于一般气候年型。  相似文献   

Coherent eddies and temperature structure functions for three contrasting surfaces. Part I: Ramp model with finite microfront time     

Wenjun Chen  Michael D. Novak  T. Andrew Black  Xuhui Lee 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1997,84(1):99-124

Air temperature time series within and above canopies reveal ramp patternsassociated with coherent eddies that are responsible for most of thevertical transport of sensible heat. Van Atta used a simple step-changeramp model to analyse the coherent part of air temperature structurefunctions. However, his ocean data, and our own measurements for aDouglas-fir forest, straw mulch, and bare soil, reveal that even withoutlinearization his model cannot account for the observed decrease of thecubic structure function for small time lag. We found that a ramp model inwhich the rapid change at the end of the ramp occurs in a finite microfronttime can describe this decrease very well, and predict at least relativemagnitudes of microfront times between different surfaces. Averagerecurrence time for ramps, determined by analysis of the cubic structurefunction with the new ramp model, agreed well with values determined usingthe Mexican Hat wavelet transform, except at lower levels within theforest. Ramp frequency above the forest and mulch scaled very well withwind speed at the canopy top divided by canopy height. Within the forest,ramp frequency did not vary systematically with height. This is inaccordance with the idea that large-scale canopy turbulence is mostlygenerated by instability of the mean canopy wind profile, similar to aplane mixing layer. The straw mulch and bare soil experiments uniquelyextend measurements of temperature structure functions and ramp frequencyto the smallest scales possible in the field.  相似文献   

非均匀对流边界层的地转强迫流动和动量输送   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

蔡旭晖  陈家宜 《大气科学》2003,27(3):381-388

用大涡模拟方法研究地转强迫下的对流边界层流动和地表热力非均匀性影响.模拟重现了典型对流边界层的平均风廓线和动量通量垂直分布.地表热力非均匀性对区域平均风速和动量通量分布无明显影响,但边界层内的局地流动性状和湍流动量输送情况有系统性的改变.下风较热区近地面风速增强而高空流动受到阻塞,上风较冷区之上情况则正好相反.对应于平均流动场的畸变,地表较热区之上边界层大部可以出现动量向上输送的情况,较冷区成为大气动量下传的主要通道.地面应力在较热区增强、较冷区减弱的趋势明显.  相似文献