传感光纤-砂土界面力学性质的试验研究     

佘骏宽  朱鸿鹄  张诚成  施斌  严臖凡 《工程地质学报》2014,22(5):855-860

近年来分布式光纤感测技术在岩土与地质工程领域的应用研究已成为一个研究热点,但工程实践表明,埋入式传感光纤与被测岩土体之间的变形协调性会对监测结果产生显著的影响,该问题一直制约着光纤感测技术在工程监测中的推广。本文通过一系列室内拉拔试验,对比了3种预埋于砂土中的单模光纤在不同上覆压力的作用下的拉拔力-拉拔位移曲线,并建立了一个用于描述光纤-砂土界面力学性质的三段式的拉拔模型,分析峰值拉拔力、残余拉拔力、有效拉拔位移和残余拉拔位移4个参数在不同上覆压力作用下的变化情况。分析结果揭示传感光纤-砂土界面的力学特性和应力传递规律,为分布式光纤传感技术在岩土体变形监测中的应用,尤其在变形监测光纤的选用标准方面,提供了参考依据。  相似文献   

昂青矿区多金属矿床成因及找矿远景     

颜翠翠  毛晓东  张俊海  刘成  高龙 《四川地质学报》2014,(4):510-513

昂青矿区位于昌都—芒康成矿带的玉龙—多霞松多铜钼金银多金属找矿靶区,是川西藏东三江地区最具经济价值的矿集区之一。通过多种分析研究手段,对矿区进行详查,研究矿床成矿作用,探讨矿床成因,对查明矿区主矿体空间展布形态及特征有重要意义。  相似文献   

鄂东北麻城两路口地区新元古代变质岩锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘锐  吴昌雄  陈觅  鄢华  赵新福 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2014,33(6)

鄂东北麻城两路口地区位于北大别杂岩带南部,对该区变质岩的研究有重要的古构造和古气候环境意义。本文对该地区6个变质岩样品进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年。结果显示,3个花岗质片麻岩和1个变质浅色花岗岩样品得到742±38~805±7 Ma的年龄,而2个斜长角闪岩样品则得到793±11~843±72Ma的年龄。其中1个斜长角闪岩样品的年龄值(793 11 Ma)与花岗质片麻岩和变质花岗岩样品的年龄值(792~805 Ma)在误差范围内一致,表明该区存在新元古代双峰式岩浆活动。秦岭(北秦岭、武当地区)–桐柏、大别和苏鲁造山带几近同时的新元古代岩浆作用表明它们在新元古代时可能是统一整体,且属于扬子陆块的组成部分;大别-苏鲁造山带新元古代岩浆岩的形成可能与Rodinia超大陆裂解、雪球地球事件和裂谷作用相关。  相似文献   

山东省沂源县金星头勘查区地质地球化学特征及找矿前景分析     

谢颂诗  宁振国  颜晓莉  马喻宏  王立功 《山东地质》2014,(5):23-27,36

山东省沂源县金星头地处沂源-沂南金及多金属成矿带北部,该成矿带位于中国东部矽卡岩金多金属矿带中北部,属于环太平洋带组成部分。通过对该区的地质、地球化学特征等分析,运用1∶1万土壤地球化学测量方法,发现了一批以Au为主的化探异常,对部分异常运用岩石地球化学测量和探槽进行查证,发现具有工业品位的金铜矿（化）体5处,提出下一步找矿的工作重点地段,即在中生代燕山晚期中偏碱性或中酸性侵入杂岩体与寒武纪朱砂洞组、馒头组白云岩、灰岩等接触部位及两侧寻找接触交代型（矽卡岩）金铜矿床。  相似文献   

广西南部凭祥中三叠世沉积盆地构造环境——来自岩相学和碎屑岩地球化学的证据   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

宋博  闫全人  向忠金  陈辉明  李继亮 《地质通报》2014,33(12):2032-2050

岩相学特征表明,广西凭祥盆地砾岩可分为颗粒支撑和基质支撑2种,砾石成分主要为生物碎屑灰岩,其次为砂岩和泥岩。盆地砂岩主要由成分成熟度和结构成熟度较低的亚岩屑(杂)砂岩和岩屑(杂)砂岩组成,物源区为碰撞造山带或再旋回造山带。碎屑岩地球化学特征表明,凭祥中三叠世盆地中的砂岩和泥岩样品SiO2含量为61.71%~74.85%,接近于上地壳的平均值。具有高的K2O/Na2O值(6.50~0.51)和高的TFe2O3+MgO含量(7.29%~10.31%),TFe2O3/K2O值为2.05%~5.54%,矿物稳定性较差。稀土元素标准化配分曲线呈现出轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素平坦和明显的Eu、Ce负异常特征,类似于上地壳和典型的太古宙页岩,具有海相沉积的特征。砂岩风化蚀变指数CIA高(71~88),Th/U值为3.68~9.53,表明砂岩和泥岩经历了较强的风化作用。砂岩物源区判别图表明,凭祥盆地物源与酸性岛弧具明显的亲缘性,增生楔和活动陆缘是主要的物源区。这些特征综合表明,凭祥盆地是一个伴随古特提斯分支洋盆闭合、经强烈构造改造的残余弧前盆地。  相似文献   

Adsorption of anionic dye on magnesium hydroxide-coated pyrolytic bio-char and reuse by microwave irradiation     

X. N. Zhang  G. Y. Mao  Y. B. Jiao  Y. Shang  R. P. Han 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2014,11(5):1439-1448

Magnesium hydroxide-coated pyrolytic bio-char composite was prepared by chemical precipitation, and the adsorption behavior of anionic dye (directly frozen yellow) onto magnesium hydroxide-coated pyrolytic bio-char was investigated in the batch mode. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy of adsorbents were characterized. Adsorption studies were performed at different pH, salt concentration, contacting time and dye concentration. The pH value of the solution influenced the adsorption capacity significantly, and adsorption is favored of pH 6–8. Salt coexisted in solution increased slightly directly frozen yellow adsorption capacity. The isotherm data were analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model, and Langmuir model was better to predict the equilibrium data. Thermodynamic calculations showed that the adsorption was a spontaneous and endothermic process. Exhausted magnesium hydroxide-coated pyrolytic bio-char was treated by microwave irradiation, and yield of regeneration was 98 % in the case of microwave irradiated time 5 min at 320 W. The magnesium hydroxide-coated pyrolytic bio-char can be reused.  相似文献   

Estimates of potential nitrate reductase activity in sediments: comparisons of two incubation methods and four inhibitors     

Jian-gang Han  Long-shuai Dou  Yong-li Zhu  Ping-ping Li 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(1):419-425

Sediment samples, collected from a large shallow lake, Taihu, China, were incubated in two conditions (with and without air extraction) with regard to four soil enzyme’s inhibitors (dry and moist heat sterilizations, chloramphenicol and toluene) to estimate the potential nitrate reductase (Nar) activities. The objectives of paper were to define (1) whether to exclude air from the mixture of sediment and substrate solution prior to incubation was necessary, and (2) the efficacy of four inhibitors when assaying the enzyme. No significant difference between two incubation methods was found (P < 0.05), indicating that it is not necessary for estimating the potential Nar activity in the sediment to construct an initial anaerobic condition by air extractions prior to incubation. Toluene (1.0 mL/g sediment) and dry heat sterilization effectively and persistently inhibit the reduction of nitrate to nitrite during the incubation of 42 h. The authors concluded that both should be used as preferred inhibitors. In contrast, chloramphenicol (30 μg/g sediment) and moist heat sterilization inhibitors restrained nitrate reduction for <24 h only. In addition, it was found that no nitrite produced was substantially reduced in 24 h. Therefore, it should be needless for potential Nar activity estimation in the sediment to add 2,4-dinitrophenol to inhibit nitrite reductase.  相似文献   

Satellite-based assessment of large-scale land cover change in Asian arid regions in the period of 2001–2009     

Jaeil Cho  Yang-Won Lee  Pat J.-F. Yeh  Kyung-Soo Han  Shinjiro Kanae 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(9):3935-3944

Arid regions in Asia are commonly characterized by rapidly growing populations with limited land resources and varying rainfall frequencies under climatic change. Despite being one of the most important environmental challenges in Asia, the changing aridity in this region, particularly due to large-scale land cover change, has not been well documented. In this study, we used rainfall data and a new land heterogeneity index to identify recent trend in land cover changes in the Asian arid regions. The result indicates a significant decreasing trend of barren lands and an increasing trend of vegetated lands. Although the potential land cover change is commonly believed to be strongly sensitive to rainfall change, such sensitivity has not been observed during the nine-year period (2001–2009) analyzed. Through the analyses of two separate periods (2001–2005 and 2005–2009), the sensitivity of rainfall to land cover change in arid regions is found to be dependent on the initial spatial heterogeneity of vegetated land cover. The approach used and the findings in this study represent an important step toward better understanding of large-scale land cover change in the Asian arid regions, and have the potential to predict future land cover change under various climate change scenarios.  相似文献   

扬子西缘小相岭地区苏雄组古火山机构的发现及意义          下载免费PDF全文

鄢圣武  伍文湘  李小平  杨辉  马继跃  熊富浩 《中国地质调查》2014,6(3):47-55

通过详细的野外地质调查,发现扬子西缘小相岭地区苏雄组火山岩由巨厚的酸性-中酸性熔岩、火山碎屑岩和少量基性熔岩组成,在小相岭山脊两侧首次厘定4处古火山机构。其中,阳糯雪山古火山机构最壮观,是由火山颈相、溢流相、爆发相和火山沉积相构成的完整古火山机构。通过系统的地质剖面研究,发现该古火山机构存在2次喷发亚旋回和15个火山韵律,2次喷发亚旋回之间出现了1次明显的火山间歇期。小相岭地区古火山机构的发现,进一步厘定了苏雄组火山岩的喷发方式和构建特征,对进一步研究苏雄组酸性火山碎屑岩的起源及新元古代陆内裂谷作用具有重要意义。  相似文献   

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱测定铜精矿中7种稀有金属元素   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

燕娜  赵生国  赵伟  郑红文 《岩矿测试》2014,33(2):197-202

准确快速测定铜精矿中7种稀有金属元素（镓铟锗硒碲铊镧）的分布情况对于铜精矿的综合利用及减少技术性贸易壁垒等方面具有重要意义,因锗和铊等目标元素含量低至10^-7级,要求分析方法具有高灵敏度。本文应用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱方法实现了7种稀有金属元素的快速准确测定。以盐酸-硝酸混合酸（体积比3：2）作为样品的微波消解试剂,选取合适的分析质量、调谐仪器及数学校正方程等三种方式消除质谱干扰。在优化的实验条件下,目标元素加标回收率为80.2%~123.3%,相对标准偏差小于13.4%。硒的检出限为1.3 mg/kg,另外6种目标元素的检出限均低于0.08 mg/kg。本法目标元素的检出限均低于电感耦合等离子体发射光谱或原子吸收光谱法测定相应元素的检出限。该方法降低了试剂空白,简化了操作流程,提高了分析灵敏度,实现了铜精矿目标元素的同时分析。  相似文献