运城市地下水资源开发利用的问题及对策   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨海珍 《地下水》2004,26(3):185-186,199

通过对运城市平原区地下水超量开采引起的环境地质问题以及工业废水、生活污水对地下水的污染状况的分析,基于可持续发展思想,提出加强沿黄地下水水源地的建设开发,加大节水灌溉设施建设,调整开采层位,对地下水资源合理定价,严格控制工业废水及生活污水对地下水资源的污染等一系列对策措施.  相似文献   

磁学方法在环境污染研究中的应用   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

闫海涛  胡守云  朱育新 《地球科学进展》2004,19(2):230-236

环境磁学方法问世20多年来，因其快速、灵敏、经济、无破坏性和信息量大的特点，在环境研究中得到广泛的应用。磁学方法可用于传统的污染分析技术（化学）之前的预研究，而后者一般耗费大量人力、物力和时间；它也可以作为环境污染评估的代用指标。近年来，随着世界环境污染问题的日益严重和倍受关注，磁学方法被广泛地应用于环境污染研究。欧洲环境磁学专家在重建污染历史、监测现代环境污染、追踪与分离污染源等方面，开展了大量的工作，并积累了一定的经验。介绍了磁学方法用于污染研究的显著特点、主要用途、野外工作方法以及相关仪器；展示了在大气、土壤、潮滩、河流、湖泊以及海洋等不同环境系统中，利用磁手段研究污染的成果和最新进展；对 于一些难点、热点问题，如磁性机理的研究、多源污染的分离、强烈多变的人类活动对获取有意义磁讯号的影响等，做了相应的分析和总结。  相似文献   

A new method of testing pile using dynamic P-S-curve made by amplitude of wave train     

Hu Yi-li  Xu Jun  Duan Yong-kong  Xu Zhao-yong  Yang Run-hai  Zhao Jin-ming 《地震学报(英文版)》2004,17(6):725-734

A new method of detecting the vertical bearing capacity for single-pile with high strain is discussed in this paper. A heavy hammer or a small type of rocket is used to strike the pile top and the detectors are used to record vibration graphs. An expression of higher degree of strain (deformation force) is introduced. It is testified theoretically that the displacement, velocity and acceleration cannot be obtained by simple integral acceleration and differential velocity when long displacement and high strain exist, namely when the pile phase generates a whole slip relative to the soil body. That is to say that there are non-linear relations between them. It is educed accordingly that the force P and displacement S are calculated from the amplitude of wave train and (dynamic) P-S curve is drew so as to determine the yield points. Further, a method of determining the vertical bearing capacity for single-pile is discussed. A static load test is utilized to check the result of dynamic test and determine the correlative constants of dynamic-static P(Q)-S curve. Foundation item: Key projects of the tenth Five-year Plan of Yunnan Province (documented Yunnan district [2002]54-02-02) and Geophysical Society of Yunnan Province.  相似文献   

Horizontal crustal movement in Chinese mainland from 1999 to 2001     

Gu Guo-hua  Fu Yang  Wang Wu-xing 《地震学报(英文版)》2004,17(1):52-60

The paper introduces the horizontal crustal movement obtained from GPS observations in the regional networks (including the basic network and the fiducial network) of the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC) carried out in 1999 and 2001. This paper is characterized by the acquisition of the horizontal displacement velocities during the period from 1999 to 2001 at the observation stations in the regional networks with datum definition of a group of stable stations with small mutual displacements in east China. Based on the most detailed map of horizontal crustal movement in Chinese mainland, the division of blocks, their displacements and deformations are studied. An approach to analysis of the intensity of the horizontal crustal deformation is proposed. The general characteristics of the recent horizontal crustal movement in Chinese mainland and that before the Kunlunshan earthquake of M=8.1 on November 14, 2001 are analyzed. Foundation item: The National Development and Programming Project for Key Basic Research (95-13-03-07).  相似文献   

Study of charge structure and radiation characteristic of intracloud discharge in thunderstorms of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau     

ZHAGN Yijun  DONG Wansheng  ZHAO Yang  ZHANG Guangshu  Zhang Hongfa  CHEN Chengpin  ZHANG Tong 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2004,47(Z1)

The comprehensive observations on lightning discharges were conducted in Naqu area of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in summer of 2002. The electric structures of thunderstorms and the characteristics of lightning discharges at initial stage were analyzed by using the observation data. The results show that most of intracloud (IC) lightning flashes were polarities inverted in thunderstorms with tripole electric charge structure and occurred between negative charge region located in the middle of the thunderstorm and positive charge region located at the bottom of the thunderstorm. The radiation characteristics of discharge processes in cloud with longer lasting time involved in Cloud-to-Ground (CG) lightning flashes were similar to that of IC discharges.A lot of radiation pulses were produced in these discharge processes. Because the IC discharges took place at the bottom of thundercloud and were near the ground, they may produce more serious damage to equipment on the ground therefore should not be neglected in lightning protection.  相似文献   

The State of Benthic Communities and Water Quality Evaluation in the Cheboksary Reservoir   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

Nazarova  L. B.  Semenov  V. F.  Sabirov  R. M.  Efimov  I. Yu. 《Water Resources》2004,31(3):316-322

Present-day quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the Cheboksary Reservoir have been investigated, and data on the biological diversity of benthic organisms have been compared to those of hydrobiological studies carried out in the region prior to the reservoir construction. The reservoir bottom communities include 75 species and forms of benthos. The reservoir water quality has been evaluated using different methods, including the determination of the degree of morphological structure abnormalities in chironomid larvae, regarded as sublethal indicators of bottom sediment pollution with toxic substances.  相似文献   

Thermal infrared remote sensing of volcanic emissions using the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

I. M. Watson  V. J. Realmuto  W. I. Rose  A. J. Prata  G. J. S. Bluth  Y. Gu  C. E. Bader  T. Yu 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2004,135(1-2):75

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Water Quality Estimation Based on Histological Investigations of Fish: Case Study of Kenozero Lake     

Lukin  A. A.  Sharova  Yu. N. 《Water Resources》2004,31(4):443-449

Specific hydrological and hydrochemical conditions in Kenozero Lake have led to changes in the morphology of fishes at a cellular level. The abnormalities in the function of the respiratory, digestive, and excretory systems were recorded. The degree of pathology depended on the ecological features of the fish. The pathological changes were most pronounced in the gills of the fish species (orfe, perch, and roach) characterized by active mode of life and sensible to oxygen deficiency. The changes in the epithelium of gill filaments had a compensatory significance and were aimed at increasing the area of the functional surface of the gills under the conditions of hypoxia.  相似文献   

Global scale annual and semi-annual variations of daytime NmF2 in the high solar activity years     

Tao Yu  Weixing Wan  Libo Liu  Biqiang Zhao 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2004,66(18):1691

The annual and semi-annual variations of the ionosphere are investigated in the present paper by using the daytime F2 layer peak electron concentration (NmF2) observed at a global ionosonde network with 104 stations. The main features are outlined as follows. (1) The annual variations are most pronounced at magnetic latitudes of 40–60° in both hemispheres, and usually manifest as winter anomalies; Below magnetic latitude of 40° as well as in the tropical region they are much weaker and winter anomalies that are not obvious. (2) The semi-annual variations, which are usually peak in March or April in most regions, are generally weak in the near-pole regions and strong in the far-pole regions of both hemispheres. (3) Compared with their annual components, the semi-annual variations in the tropical region are more significant.In order to explain the above results, we particularly analyze the global atomic/molecular ratio of [O/N2] at the F2 layer peak height by the MSIS90 model. The results show that the annual variation of [O/N2] is closely related with that of NmF2 prevailing in mid-latitudes and [O/N2] annual variation usually may lead to the winter anomalies of NmF2 occurring in the near-pole region. Moreover, NmF2 semi-annual variations appearing in the tropical region also have a close relationship with the variation of [O/N2]. On the other hand, the semi-annual variations of NmF2 in the far-pole region cannot be simply explained by that of [O/N2], but the variation of the solar zenith angle may also have a significant contribution.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地北部黄土沙漠区隐蔽薄气层预测   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨华  付金华  王大兴 《应用地球物理》2004,1(2):122-128

长庆油田公司针对黄土沙漠区低孔、低渗、薄气藏的地震目标处理,经过多年的探索与实践,已形成了一套适合该类气藏特点的储层横向预测技术。在榆林、乌审旗、苏里格庙和神木等地区的上古生界天然气勘探、开发阶段取得了显著效果,使长庆油田上古生界天然气储量连续八年保持稳定增长。本文详细剖析了该技术的应用效果及经验。  相似文献