The Sloan Digital Sky Survey monitor telescope pipeline     

D.L. Tucker  S. Kent  M.W. Richmond  J. Annis  J.A. Smith  S.S. Allam  C.T. Rodgers  J.L. Stute  J.K. Adelman‐McCarthy  J. Brinkmann  M. Doi  D. Finkbeiner  M. Fukugita  J. Goldston  B. Greenway  J.E. Gunn  J.S. Hendry  D.W. Hogg  S.‐I. Ichikawa   . Ivezi&#x;  G.R. Knapp  H. Lampeitl  B.C. Lee  H. Lin  T.A. McKay  A. Merrelli  J.A. Munn  E.H. Neilsen  H.J. Newberg  G.T. Richards  D.J. Schlegel  C. Stoughton  A. Uomoto  B. Yanny 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2006,327(9):821-843

The photometric calibration of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) is a multi‐step process which involves data from three different telescopes: the 1.0‐m telescope at the US Naval Observatory (USNO), Flagstaff Station, Arizona (which was used to establish the SDSS standard star network); the SDSS 0.5‐m Photometric Telescope (PT) at the Apache Point Observatory (APO), NewMexico (which calculates nightly extinctions and calibrates secondary patch transfer fields); and the SDSS 2.5‐m telescope at APO (which obtains the imaging data for the SDSS proper). In this paper, we describe the Monitor Telescope Pipeline, MTPIPE, the software pipeline used in processing the data from the single‐CCD telescopes used in the photometric calibration of the SDSS (i.e., the USNO 1.0‐m and the PT). We also describe transformation equations that convert photometry on the USNO‐1.0m u ′g ′r ′i ′z ′ system to photometry the SDSS 2.5m ugriz system and the results of various validation tests of the MTPIPE software. Further, we discuss the semi‐automated PT factory, which runs MTPIPE in the day‐to‐day standard SDSS operations at Fermilab. Finally, we discuss the use of MTPIPE in current SDSS‐related projects, including the Southern u ′g ′r ′i ′z ′ Standard Star project, the u ′g ′r ′i ′z ′ Open Star Clusters project, and the SDSS extension (SDSS‐II). (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)  相似文献   

Secondary remanent magnetization carried by magnetite inclusions in silicates: a comparative study of unremagnetized and remagnetized granites     

Yo-ichiro Otofuji  Koji Uno  Takahiro Higashi  Tomomichi Ichikawa  Tsuyoshi Ueno  Toshiaki Mishima  Takaaki Matsuda 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2000,180(3-4):271-285

Magnetic carriers in remagnetized Cretaceous granitic rocks of northeast Japan were studied using paleomagnetism, rock magnetism, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) by comparison with unremagnetized granitic rocks. The natural remanent magnetization (NRM) of the remagnetized rocks is strong (0.3–1.7 A/m) and shows a northwesterly direction with moderate inclination (NW remanence), whereas the unremagnetized rocks preserve weak NRM (<0.5 A/m) with westerly and shallow direction (W remanence). Although thermal demagnetization shows that both NRMs are carried by magnetite, the remagnetized rocks reveal a higher coercivity with respect to alternating field demagnetization (20 mT相似文献   

A parameter identification procedure for viscoelastic materials     

T. Ohkami  Y. Ichikawa 《Computers and Geotechnics》1997,21(4):3381-275

A parameter identification procedure is presented for visco-elastic materials. The idea of this method is based on the boundary control concept by using the dual properties of traction and displacement, for example, if we give the traction force on a traction boundary and we observe displacement on a part of the same boundary (the observational or control boundary condition), then we may determine the material properties corresponding to the given and observed data. The numerical procedure is then developed on the basis of Newton’s iteration scheme. The method has been shown to be effective for a linear elastic material Ichikawa and Ohkami, Soils and Foundations, 1992, 32(2), 35–44 and for damage mechanics problems Tsuchiyama et al., Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, Japan Society of Civil Engineers, 1993, 475/III -24, 49–58 (in Japanese). In this paper we give an extension to the visco-elastic problem.  相似文献   

Estimating the Kuroshio Axis South of Japan Using Combination of Satellite Altimetry and Drifting Buoys   总被引：3，自引：4，他引：3  

Daisuke Ambe  Shiro Imawaki  Hiroshi Uchida  Kaoru Ichikawa 《Journal of Oceanography》2004,60(2):375-382

By tracking the locally strongest part of the sea-surface velocity field, which was obtained by integrating data of satellite altimeters and surface drifting buoys, we extracted the Kuroshio axis south of Japan every 10 days from October 1992 to December 2000. The obtained axes clearly express the effect of the bottom topography; three modes were observed when the Kuroshio ran over the Izu Ridge. The axis was very stable to the south of ‘Tosa-bae,’ off the Kii Channel. Mean current speed at the Kuroshio axis gradually increased from 0.65 m/s south of Kyushu to 1.45 m/s off Enshu-nada. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Influence of the Kuroshio Fluctuations on Sea Level Variations along the South Coast of Japan     

Zhongzhe?ZhangEmail author  Kaoru?Ichikawa 《Journal of Oceanography》2005,61(5):979-985

The correlation between the Kuroshio and coastal sea level south of Japan has been examined using the altimetry and tide gauge data during the period 1992–2000. The sea level varies uniformly in a region bounded by the coast and the mean Kuroshio axis, which stretches for several hundred kilometers along the coast. These variations are related with the Kuroshio velocity, as coastal sea level decreases (or increases) when the Kuroshio is faster (or slower). To the east of the Kii Peninsula, where sea level variations are different from these to the west, movement of the Kuroshio axis additionally affects coastal sea level variations.  相似文献   

A numerical study of a tide with four harmonic constituents at the open boundary     

Hiroyuki Kikukawa  Hiroshi Ichikawa 《Journal of Oceanography》1990,46(4):143-155

The tidal current in Kagoshima Bay is simulated by the two-dimensional subdomain finite-element method. At the open boundary, the sea level is forced to be oscillatory with a linear combination of the four harmonic constituents (M2, S2, K1, O1) of the tide. A calculation having only M2 sea level at the open boundary is also performed and the harmonic constants of M2 are compared with those calculated by the four components.In the calculated velocity vector, a large difference between the two maxima or the two minima in one day appears when the vector is directed to the open sea. On the other hand, when it is directed into the bay, the two extreme velocities are almost equal. In tide-killer residual flow, the flow pattern is almost independent of the tidal age; however, the absolute value of the current velocity depends on the tidal age. The pattern is nearly the same as that calculated by giving only M2 sea level at the open boundary.In relation to the nonlinear interaction, the kinetic energy ratio KER is defined by the ratio of kinetic energy of the induced harmonic components to that of harmonic constituents given at the open boundary. KER is large where the tidal current is disturbed by obstacles,e.g. along the west coast at the mouth of the bay and in the southern sea of Mt. Sakurajima. The distribution of KER seems to be independent of the number of harmonic constituents (one or four) given at the open boundary. The difference of kinetic energy of the M2 tidal constituent between the two calculations.i.e. with the open boundary conditions of four components (M2, S2, K1, O1) and of a single component (M2), is found to be large where the current velocity is large.  相似文献   

A highly sensitive and large concentration range colorimetric continuous flow analysis for ammonium concentration     

Taketoshi?KodamaEmail author  Tadafumi?Ichikawa  Kiyotaka?Hidaka  Ken?Furuya 《Journal of Oceanography》2015,71(1):65-75

A continuous flow method for the determination of ammonium concentration in seawater from a nanomolar to a micromolar level is described. To prevent spurious peaks derived from salinity difference, a gas-permeable hydrophobic membrane filter was used to separate the manifold into an outgassing section and an indophenol blue reaction section. The indophenol blue reaction section was adopted for colorimetric analysis and is equipped with a 1-m path length liquid capillary cell and a fiber-optic spectrometer, which is able to record the absorbance at multiple wavelengths. The minimum detection limit at wavelength 630 nm is 5.5 ± 1.8 nM, and the calibration curves are linear to at least 2,000 nM. In addition, the minimum detection limit at wavelength 530 nm was 13 ± 5.3 nM, and linear calibration curves were observed until at least 10,000 nM. The slopes of the calibration curves were similar for standards prepared using filtered seawater and ultrapure water. The ammonium concentration of the ultrapure water was similar to those of ion-exchanged water and unfiltered low-nutrient seawater, but was significantly lower than those of filtered seawater and solutions that contained sodium hydroxide. Therefore, ultrapure water is optimal for both blank and standard preparations because of its stable quality and availability. Given its large concentration range and the use of readily available blanks, this method is suitable for the determination of ammonium concentration and helps our understanding of ammonium dynamics in the ocean.  相似文献   

High inorganic phosphate concentration in coral mucus and its utilization by heterotrophic bacteria in a Malaysian coral reef          下载免费PDF全文

Ryota Nakajima  Yasuaki Tanaka  Teruaki Yoshida  Tamami Fujisawa  Asami Nakayama  Yumi Fuchinoue  Bin Haji Ross Othman  Tatsuki Toda 《Marine Ecology》2015,36(3):835-841

Inorganic nutrient contents of mucus released by Acropora corals and its utilization by heterotrophic bacteria at several different hour intervals in the coral mucus were investigated at a coral reef in Malaysia. The dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP) concentration was 135‐fold higher than in the ambient seawater, probably due to inorganic P release from the coral gut cavity. We experimentally confirmed that heterotrophic bacteria rapidly (within 8 h) consumed ca. 80% of the initial concentration of DIP derived from coral mucus. High DIP concentration in coral mucus may enhance heterotrophic bacterial production and associated carbon flow in the microbial loop of reef ecosystems.  相似文献   

The effective failure modes and stability of slopes in rock mass with two discontinuity sets   总被引：3，自引：5，他引：3  

Ö. Aydan  Y. Shimizu  Y. Ichikawa 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》1989,22(3):163-188

Summary The stability of rock slopes in discontinuous rock mass associated with the construction of power plants, highways and open pits is always of paramount importance during the lifetime of these structures. The likely forms of instabilities observed in the excavation of rock slopes and some mathematical methods for the stability analyses are well documented in literature. Since most of the mathematical approaches used are based on the limiting-equilibrium concept, there seems a need to check the validity of these approaches under some controlled conditions. In this paper, the authors describe methods for the stability of a blocky column and discontinuous rock slopes derived on the basis of dynamic equilibrium equations and compare the results calculated according to the developed method with those of experiments on model blocky columns and model slopes in the laboratory. Test results confirm that the limiting equilibrium approache is valid and an effective way of dealing with the stability problems in discontinuous rock mass as long as the likely forms of instability are properly treated in these approaches.  相似文献   

Microscopic observation and contact stress analysis of granite under compression     

Y. S. Seo  G. C. Jeong  J. S. Kim  Y. Ichikawa 《Engineering Geology》2002,63(3-4):259-275

To study the damage process of microscale to macroscale in coarse-grained granite specimen under uniaxial compressive stress, we have observed micro-damage localization and propagation by using a newly developed experimental system that allows us to observe the damaging process continuously.

The results showed that pre-existing microcracks lead to macroscopic shear fracture through the damage development process. The mechanism of micro-damage initiation in a granite specimen under uniaxial compressive stress may be considered for two cases. One is that two grains such as quartz and feldspar contact each other in the same direction as the axial stress, and the other is that a biotite grain inclined to the axial stress direction is surrounded by feldspar grains. The homogenization theory was applied to verify numerically the micromechanics of stress-induced damage in the mineral contacts. Local stress distribution in the periodic-micro structure was also calculated by the homogenization theory. It is shown that this analysis, which takes into account the initial state of the specimen, is well adapted to the behavior of two grains for which microcracking is the fundamental mechanism of damage.  相似文献