A comparative study of nutrient transfer via surface runoff from two small agricultural catchments in north China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Haiming Lu  Chengqing Yin  Weidong Wang  Baoqing Shan 《Environmental Geology》2007,52(8):1549-1558

A field study was conducted to determine the effect of landscape spatial pattern and micro-topography on nutrient transfer via runoff from two catchments into Yuqiao Reservoir in north China. The surface runoff discharge was measured during rainfall events and water samples were analyzed in 2004 and 2005. The mean annual total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) exports per unit area from Caogezhuang catchment (C catchment) were 1.048 and 0.561 kg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹, respectively, while the TN and TP exports from Taohuasi catchment (T catchment) were 0.158 and 0.027 kg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. In both catchments, village and vineyard shared the highest nutrient export ability due to the accumulated animal waste and heavy application of fertilizer and manure. In T catchment, the distance of village and vineyard was about 1,500 m away from the receiving water and in between were woodland and cropland. In the hydrological pathway, there were sink landscape structures of small stone dams, roadside swale, vegetated filter strip and dry ponds, which could detain water and nutrients. In C catchment, the distance between the village and the receiving water was about 200 m, and the hydrological pathway was compacted roads and ditches with no sink structures. It is suggested that the distance between the pollution source area and the receiving water and the micro-topographical features were the main factors to control the great difference in nutrient export rates.  相似文献   

福泉磨坊晚震旦世磷块岩矿床地质特征及沉积环境     

殷科华  金华英  叶德书  朱成林 《化工矿产地质》2007,29(4):215-221

福泉磨坊磷块岩矿床是贵州瓮福磷矿的八大矿段之一.主要磷矿层赋存于晚震旦系上统陡山沱组上部,有砂砾状、致密状、团块状及条带状几种矿石类型。矿体厚度品位沿倾向均有线性变化规律;矿体间存在一有相当规模的无矿带,矿石露头局部见磷质叠层石;矿石中磷酸盐矿物以胶磷矿,伴生矿物以白云石为主;碘呈分散状态赋存于磷酸盐矿物中;矿体氧化带深度17～75m,浅部矿石质量优良。矿床成因类型属生物化学沉积的磷酸盐矿床。  相似文献   

Assessing pollutions of soil and plant by municipal waste dump   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Changli Liu  Yun Zhang  Feng’e Zhang  Sheng Zhang  Miying Yin  Hao Ye  Hongbing Hou  Hua Dong  Ming Zhang  Jianmei Jiang  Lixin Pei 《Environmental Geology》2007,52(4):641-651

Research is few in the literature regarding the investigation and assessment of pollutions of soil and plant by municipal waste dumps. Based upon previous work in seven waste dumping sites (nonsanitary landfills) in Beijing, Shanghai and Shijiazhuang, this study expounds the investigation and assessment method and report major pollutants. Using relative background values, this study assesses soil pollution degree in the seven dumping sites. Preliminary conclusions are: (1) pollution degrees are moderate or heavy; (2) pollution distance by domestic waste that is dumped on a plane ground is 85 m; (3) the horizontal transport distance of pollutants might be up to 120 m if waste leachates are directly connected with water in saturated soils; (4) vertical transport depth is about 3 m in unsaturated silty clayey soils. Furthermore, using relative background values and hygiene standards of food and vegetable this study assesses the pollutions of different parts of reed, sorghum, watermelon and sweet-melon. It is found: (1) in comparison with the relative background values in a large distance to the waste dumping sites, domestic wastes have polluted the roots and stems of reed and sorghum, whereas fine coal ash has polluted the leaves, rattans and fruits of watermelon and sweet-melon; (2) domestic wastes and fine coal ash have heavily polluted the edible parts of sorghum, water melon and sweet-melon. As, Hg, Pb and F have far exceeded standard values, e.g., Hg has exceeded the standard value by up to 650–1,700 times and Cd by 120–275 times, and the comprehensive pollution index is up to 192.9–369.7; (3) the polluted sorghum, watermelon and sweet-melon are inedible.  相似文献   

1971-2000年青藏高原气候变化趋势     

吴绍洪  尹云鹤  郑度  杨勤业 《地理学报(英文版)》2007,17(2):141-151

Trends of annual and monthly temperature, precipitation, potential evapotranspi- ration and aridity index were analyzed to understand climate change during the period 1971–2000 over the Tibetan Plateau which is one of the most special regions sensitive to global climate change. FAO56–Penmen–Monteith model was modified to calculate potential evapotranspiration which integrated many climatic elements including maximum and mini- mum temperatures, solar radiation, relative humidity and wind speed. Results indicate gen- erally warming trends of the annual averaged and monthly temperatures, increasing trends of precipitation except in April and September, decreasing trends of annual and monthly poten- tial evapotranspiration, and increasing aridity index except in September. It is not the isolated climatic elements that are important to moisture conditions, but their integrated and simulta- neous effect. Moreover, potential evapotranspiration often changes the effect of precipitation on moisture conditions. The climate trends suggest an important warm and humid tendency averaged over the southern plateau in annual period and in August. Moisture conditions would probably get drier at large area in the headwater region of the three rivers in annual average and months from April to November, and the northeast of the plateau from July to September. Complicated climatic trends over the Tibetan Plateau reveal that climatic factors have nonlinear relationships, and resulte in much uncertainty together with the scarcity of observation data. The results would enhance our understanding of the potential impact of climate change on environment in the Tibetan Plateau. Further research of the sensitivity and attribution of climate change to moisture conditions on the plateau is necessary.  相似文献   

利用活断层探测资料构建银川探测区地下三维结构模型   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

于贵华  徐锡伟  柴炽章  王银  刘保金 《地震地质》2007,29(2):320-329

在收集与整理前人资料的基础上,“银川市活断层探测与地震危险性评价”项目对银川隐伏断层、芦花台隐伏断层等断层开展了多学科的联合探测。文中对如何以银川市活断层探测成果资料构建银川活断层探测区地下三维构造模型的方法进行了探索,总结出的步骤是:收集活断层地震探测资料并进行数据预处理;在地震解释软件中进行断层及层位的解释,绘制层面构造图并输出断层及层位数据,也可在该软件中进一步完成三维可视化建模;在三维建模软件GOCAD中加载基础数据、层面及断层数据,进行断层面及层面修正构建与展示三维模型。鉴于地震探测资料的不规范会增加地震数据解释工作的难度并影响到解释精度,建议:规范原始探测数据的归档要求,在每条活断层的探测区上增加1条联络测线,在可能的情况下采用石油单位的区域时深转换关系,提高地震剖面的解释精度  相似文献   

GPS RTK在航测成图高程测量中的探讨与研究     

李建青  银志敏 《现代测绘》2007,30(5):22-22,25

本文探讨了GPS RTK定位技术在大面积1：1000航测成图高程测量方案中的实施，对布网方案进行了研究与探讨，并对GPS RTK用于高程测量的精度进行了分析，对其应用前景作出评价。  相似文献   

Tele-seismic coseismic well temperature changes and their interpretation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

石耀霖  曹建玲马丽 尹宝军 《地震学报(英文版)》2007,20(3):280-289

Coseismic water level oscillation and correlated deep water temperature changes have been observed in a water well at Tangshan City by high sensitivity measurement. Amount of water temperature changes depend on ampli-tude of water level oscillation. Coseismic water temperatures always decrease as water level oscillates, drop of temperature ranges from 0.001 °C to 0.01 °C corresponding to amplitude of water level oscillation from several centimeters to about one meter. Temperatures usually recover one to several hours after the oscillation. We suggest that the temperature drop is produced by dispersive transfer of heat as the water oscillates, and follow-up thermal conduction makes temperature recovery. Our finite element calculations support quantitatively the idea. High ac-curacy measurements of water temperature at different depths in the future may test our interpretation.  相似文献   

喀什河断裂中更新世以来的活动速率     

尹光华  裴宏达  蒋靖祥 《地震地磁观测与研究》2007,28(5):155-161

地貌和新近系位错测量的方法是获得活动断裂在新近纪晚期以来可靠和准确的运动学数据的正确方法,本文结合遥感、地貌、变形测量与新近纪测年等手段,重点研究了伊犁盆地喀什河断裂中更新世以来的垂直活动速率.喀什河断裂在中更新世以来的新活动主要表现在河流阶地和地层的位错,综合研究了这些位错数据,分析了断裂各段在中更新世以来的活动速率,讨论了1812年尼勒克地震的平均位错反映断裂现今最新的活动速率,提供了喀什河断裂中更新世以来不同时期活动的定量数据,填补了天山内部新近纪晚期研究的部分空白,对现今地壳运动与地球动力学研究及减轻地质灾害有重要意义.  相似文献   

Optical dating of Holocene sand dune activities in the Horqin sand-fields in inner Mongolia, China, using the SAR protocol   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Hua Zhao  Yanchou Lu  Jinhui Yin 《Quaternary Geochronology》2007,2(1-4):29-33

The Horqin sand-field in northeastern Inner Mongolia, China, had been the fertile grassland in North China, but desertification and sand-dust storm have increasingly occurred in the past decades [Zhu and Wang, 1992. Theory and practice of sandy desertification in China (in Chinese with English abstract). Quaternary Sciences 2, 97]. To understand the Holocene sand dune activities in this region, five sand dune profiles were investigated, and 32 coarse grain quartz samples were dated by OSL using the single-aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) protocol [Murray and Wintle, 2000. Luminescence dating of quartz using an improved single-aliquot regenerative-dose protocol. Radiation Measurements 32, 57–73]. For cross-checking, six organic-rich samples from the paleosols and sandy peat/mud were dated by both ¹⁴C and quartz OSL. With one exception, ¹⁴C and quartz OSL dating results show good agreements. Based on the consistent results of five sand dune profiles, a chronology of Holocene dune activity in Horqin sand-field is established as follows: (i) active sand dunes built up widely before 10 ka; (ii) dunes semi-stabilized between 10 and 7.5 ka ago; (iii) the dunes solidify and chernozem soils developed between 7.5 and 2.0 ka ago; and (iv) partially re-mobilization of dunes occurred since about 2.0 ka ago.  相似文献   

用HV谱比法推测银川市区沉积层基底分布特征     

谢晓峰  赵伯明  柴炽章  王银  金涛  杜鹏  雷启云  孟广魁 《中国地震》2007,23(4):359-365

在缺乏其他资料的情况下,地脉动常常用做确定地震动对地表介质产生影响效应的简便手段。本文以银川市区为研究对象,根据地震勘探资料有目的的选取5条测线在银川市区进行地脉动观测,观测点共141个。用Nakamura提出的HV谱比法解析观测数据,在给定地下构造剪切波速度(VS)的基础上,由H/V比值曲线中的基本频率推测盆地深层地下构造。通过理论计算进一步验证了解析结果。结合前人地震勘探资料推测了银川市区脉动基本频率分布特征,并给出2D和3D银川市基底构造变化情况,对比分析表明,HV谱比法得到的脉动基本频率值可以反映银川盆地基底变化情况。  相似文献