对“有软弱夹层土坡的复合滑动条分法”一文讨论的答复     

殷宗泽 《岩土力学》1990,11(3):89-90

“复合条分法”一文并不是想寻求一种精确的方法,仅仅是对工程界习惯采用的改良圆弧法,即土坝设计规范和有些土力字教课书中介绍的方法,作一些讨论,并提出改进的意见。较精确的方法,如摩根斯坦法已提出多年,但工程中还是习惯于用瑞典法或简化毕肖普法,遇有软弱夹层则用改良圆弧法。原因在于精确的方法形式上复杂,反而不如简单的方法易于推广。从这一点出发,该文仍以改良圆弧法为基础,稍加改进。  相似文献   

唐古拉山侏罗系沉积的若干特征及沉积盆地背景条件的探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

阴家润 《现代地质》1989,3(2):155

对于唐古拉山侏罗系沉积类型的不同认识由来已久,然而无论是将其视为地槽型沉积,还是地台型沉积,均难以令人满意地解释该区侏罗纪沉积的特点和性质。 作者在野外工作和室内研究的基础上,从地球化学因素、古生态分析、沉积岩沉积构造和矿物结构成熟度等综合考虑,对该区侏罗纪沉积的特点和性质提出下列证据: （1）含盐度值一般均低于广海的平均盐度值。 （2）发育了海相一半咸水相一陆相的双壳类动物群序列,并以半咸水双壳类属占优势。 （3）沉积构造多为浅水成因的小型波痕,交错层理沉积组合。 （4）沉积岩粒度分析表现了近岸环境的概率曲线特征。 （5）沉积岩矿物结构,成熟度较高,未见海相成因的粒级层理。 结论是唐古拉山区侏罗系应为近岸局限海环境下的沉积产物,在海退时期还发育了滨岸湖相沉积。 根据羌塘地区侏罗纪沉积相空间展布的特点,可以认为唐古拉山区侏罗系仅仅是大西洋型大陆边缘沉积的一个组成部分,是陆架大幅度坳陷所承受的巨厚陆源碎屑沉积,整个羌塘地区侏罗纪沉积在空间上的演替关系及其巨大厚度可借助于大西洋型大陆边缘特有的大陆堤前展沉积模式得到较好的解释。  相似文献   

五层原始方程模式套网格方案及初步试算结果     

朱永禔  殷鹤宝  杨美川 《热带气象学报》1986,(4):320-326

在上海台风研究所五层原始方程模式的基础上,本文设计了一个粗网格区域固定、细网格区域可变动的五层套网格方案,对交界域变量进行衔接,协调处理。实例计算表明,内区边界有较好的穿透性;细网格内区对气压系统的强度和形势预报均有所改善。   相似文献   

天然地震识别与震相自动拾取技术进展     

孙印  潘素珍  刘明军 《中国地震》2018,34(4):606-620

震相拾取是地震数据处理过程中最基本的步骤之一。在传统的人工拾取技术不能满足庞大的地震数据处理需求的情况下,震相自动拾取技术从产生到发展至今经历了漫长的过程。本文回顾并总结了震相自动拾取技术的发展状况,重点介绍了长短时窗法、赤池准则法、模板匹配技术、基于自相关盲搜索的FAST法、S波偏振分析法、人工智能方法等,以及近年发展起来的多频率震相识别、全波形叠加、二次方自回归模型等方法,同时分析了每种方法的优势和局限性。  相似文献   

3D forward modeling and response analysis for marine CSEMs towed by two ships     

Bo Zhang  Chang-Chun Yin  Yun-He Liu  Xiu-Yan Ren  Yan-Fu Qi  Jing Cai 《应用地球物理》2018,15(1):11-25

A dual-ship-towed marine electromagnetic (EM) system is a new marine exploration technology recently being developed in China. Compared with traditional marine EM systems, the new system tows the transmitters and receivers using two ships, rendering it unnecessary to position EM receivers at the seafloor in advance. This makes the system more flexible, allowing for different configurations (e.g., in-line, broadside, and azimuthal and concentric scanning) that can produce more detailed underwater structural information. We develop a three-dimensional goal-oriented adaptive forward modeling method for the new marine EM system and analyze the responses for four survey configurations. Oceanbottom topography has a strong effect on the marine EM responses; thus, we develop a forward modeling algorithm based on the finite-element method and unstructured grids. To satisfy the requirements for modeling the moving transmitters of a dual-ship-towed EM system, we use a single mesh for each of the transmitter locations. This mitigates the mesh complexity by refining the grids near the transmitters and minimizes the computational cost. To generate a rational mesh while maintaining the accuracy for single transmitter, we develop a goal-oriented adaptive method with separate mesh refinements for areas around the transmitting source and those far away. To test the modeling algorithm and accuracy, we compare the EM responses calculated by the proposed algorithm and semi-analytical results and from published sources. Furthermore, by analyzing the EM responses for four survey configurations, we are confirm that compared with traditional marine EM systems with only in-line array, a dual-ship-towed marine system can collect more data.  相似文献   

Carbon fluxes in the China Seas: An overview and perspective     

Qian Liu  Xianghui Guo  Zhiqiang Yin  Kuanbo Zhou  Elliott Gareth Roberts  Minhan Dai 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2018,61(11):1564-1582

This paper aims to provide an overview of regional carbon fluxes and budgets in the marginal seas adjacent to China.The "China Seas" includes primarily the South China Sea, East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and the Bohai Sea. Emphasis is given to CO_2 fluxes across the air-sea interface and their controls. The net flux of CO_2 degassing from the China Seas is estimated to be9.5±53 Tg C yr~(-1). The total riverine carbon flux through estuaries to the China Seas is estimated as 59.6±6.4 Tg C yr~(-1). Chinese estuaries annually emit 0.74±0.02 Tg C as CO_2 to the atmosphere. Additionally, there is a very large net carbon influx from the Western Pacific to the China Seas, amounting to ～2.5 Pg C yr~(-1). As a first-order estimate, the total export flux of particulate organic carbon from the upper ocean of the China Seas is 240±80 Tg C yr~(-1). This review also attempts to examine current knowledge gaps to promote a better understanding of the carbon cycle in this important region.  相似文献   

Facies-constrained prestack seismic probabilistic inversion driven by rock physics     

Li  Kun  Yin  Xingyao  Zong  Zhaoyun 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2020,63(6):822-840

Seismic Rock physics plays a bridge role between the rock moduli and physical properties of the hydrocarbon reservoirs. Prestack seismic inversion is an important method for the quantitative characterization of elasticity, physical properties, lithology and fluid properties of subsurface reservoirs. In this paper, a high order approximation of rock physics model for clastic rocks is established and one seismic AVO reflection equation characterized by the high order approximation(Jacobian and Hessian matrix) of rock moduli is derived. Besides, the contribution of porosity, shale content and fluid saturation to AVO reflectivity is analyzed. The feasibility of the proposed AVO equation is discussed in the direct estimation of rock physical properties. On the basis of this, one probabilistic AVO inversion based on differential evolution-Markov chain Monte Carlo stochastic model is proposed on the premise that the model parameters obey Gaussian mixture probability prior model. The stochastic model has both the global optimization characteristics of the differential evolution algorithm and the uncertainty analysis ability of Markov chain Monte Carlo model. Through the cross parallel of multiple Markov chains, multiple stochastic solutions of the model parameters can be obtained simultaneously, and the posterior probability density distribution of the model parameters can be simulated effectively. The posterior mean is treated as the optimal solution of the model to be inverted.Besides, the variance and confidence interval are utilized to evaluate the uncertainties of the estimated results, so as to realize the simultaneous estimation of reservoir elasticity, physical properties, discrete lithofacies and dry rock skeleton. The validity of the proposed approach is verified by theoretical tests and one real application case in eastern China.  相似文献   

A fundamental theorem for eco-environmental surface modelling and its applications   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Yue  Tianxiang  Zhao  Na  Liu  Yu  Wang  Yifu  Zhang  Bin  Du  Zhengping  Fan  Zemeng  Shi  Wenjiao  Chen  Chuanfa  Zhao  Mingwei  Song  Dunjiang  Wang  Shihai  Song  Yinjun  Yan  Changqing  Li  Qiquan  Sun  Xiaofang  Zhang  Lili  Tian  Yongzhong  Wang  Wei  Wang  Ying’an  Ma  Shengnan  Huang  Hongsheng  Lu  Yimin  Wang  Qing  Wang  Chenliang  Wang  Yuzhu  Lu  Ming  Zhou  Wei  Liu  Yi  Yin  Xiaozhe  Wang  Zong  Bao  Zhengyi  Zhao  Miaomiao  Zhao  Yapeng  Jiao  Yimeng  Naseer  Ufra  Fan  Bin  Li  Saibo  Yang  Yang  Wilson  John P. 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2020,63(8):1092-1112

We propose a fundamental theorem for eco-environmental surface modelling(FTEEM) in order to apply it into the fields of ecology and environmental science more easily after the fundamental theorem for Earth's surface system modeling(FTESM). The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH) region is taken as a case area to conduct empirical studies of algorithms for spatial upscaling, spatial downscaling, spatial interpolation, data fusion and model-data assimilation, which are based on high accuracy surface modelling(HASM), corresponding with corollaries of FTEEM. The case studies demonstrate how eco-environmental surface modelling is substantially improved when both extrinsic and intrinsic information are used along with an appropriate method of HASM. Compared with classic algorithms, the HASM-based algorithm for spatial upscaling reduced the root-meansquare error of the BTH elevation surface by 9 m. The HASM-based algorithm for spatial downscaling reduced the relative error of future scenarios of annual mean temperature by 16%. The HASM-based algorithm for spatial interpolation reduced the relative error of change trend of annual mean precipitation by 0.2%. The HASM-based algorithm for data fusion reduced the relative error of change trend of annual mean temperature by 70%. The HASM-based algorithm for model-data assimilation reduced the relative error of carbon stocks by 40%. We propose five theoretical challenges and three application problems of HASM that need to be addressed to improve FTEEM.  相似文献   

河北赤城井水温对远场大震的响应特征研究     

尹宏伟  梁丽环  韩文英  李凤  刘静 《地震地磁观测与研究》2019,40(5):93-100

在河北赤城井井下30 m、53 m、58 m处分别安装了3个温度传感器,进行水温微动态观测。通过对2004年12月以来全球发生的22次M_S≥8.0地震时赤城井不同深度水温观测数据的变化进行研究发现,井下30 m处水温均无明显同震变化;而7次大震时53 m、58 m处水温有明显的同震变化,53 m处水温同震初始变化形态均为上升,58 m处均为下降。同时,对水温变化机理进行探讨发现,井下30 m处水温日变幅度偏大是记录不到地震的主要原因;水温同震初始变化是由井孔水体对流引起的,53 m处水温同震初始变化形态均为上升是由于该处位于负温度梯度带,井孔中水体受震荡激发而加速对流与掺混是导致58 m处水温同震初始下降的主要原因,赤城井水温同震初始变化的后效恢复过程为热传导作用的结果。  相似文献   

内蒙古自治区地震局震情上报系统   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

宋晓燕  王鑫  安全  尹战军 《地震地磁观测与研究》2018,39(3):197-201

针对内蒙古自治区地震局人工震情上报过程中存在的弊端和问题,基于VC语言,设计并实现自动震情上报系统。该系统通过读取EQIM数据库中的相关数据,采用模拟操作,实现无接口情况下采集EQIM中相应地图,并利用Microsoft office Word通用API,按所需格式生成包含震情数据与地图的震情上报文档,同时提供核对和校验功能,通过自动传真方式实现震情上报与保存功能。该系统的实现,减少了人工干预造成的错误,提高了震情上报的准确性和高效性,真正实现了震情的自动传真上报。  相似文献