孤立金属尖端的电晕触发阈值          下载免费PDF全文

谭涌波  朱俊儒  李祥超  梁忠武  郭秀峰 《应用气象学报》2014,25(3):339-346

为了得到金属尖端在发生电晕放电时尖端处的电场强度,该文首先采用实验室实验得到不同高度、不同形状、不同材质的金属尖端发生电晕放电时的环境电场阈值;再采用有限元法计算二维泊松方程,得到尖端处电晕触发阈值,由此得出以下结论:环境电场阈值随金属尖端高度的增大基本呈线性减小趋势,随着尖端越来越尖,环境电场阈值呈先减小后增大的变化趋势;高度、形状对金属物尖端处电晕触发阈值无影响,尖端处电晕阈值为定值;给出尖端处电晕触发阈值为158.75 kV·m-1与空间分辨率的拟合公式,可为今后电晕放电数值模拟中判断电晕放电的起始时刻提供参考。  相似文献   

沁水盆地煤层气成藏主控因素与成藏模式分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

黄孝波  赵佩  董泽亮  郭曼  钱铮  刘建军 《中国煤炭地质》2014,(2):12-17

沁水盆地石炭-二叠系煤层厚度大、分布稳定、演化程度高,具有良好的煤层气勘探潜力,是目前国内首个成功商业化开发的煤层气盆地。基于研究区已有地质成果,对影响沁水盆地煤层气富集成藏的主控地质因素与成藏模式进行分析,认为构造运动、水动力条件、煤层埋深、煤岩组成及热演化程度是控制沁水盆地煤层气成藏的主要地质因素,高镜质组含量、高热演化程度、弱水动力条件和较大的埋深是煤层气成藏的有利条件,向斜是煤层气富集成藏的有利部位。  相似文献   

川南地区龙马溪组页岩有机质特征及其对页岩含气量的影响     

周宝刚  李贤庆  张吉振  董泽亮  李媛媛  宋雷  热汗古-丽牙库甫  张明扬  郭曼 《中国煤炭地质》2014,(10):27-32

四川盆地南部地区广泛发育下古生界寒武系、志留系等多套海相页岩层,其中龙马溪组是该区页岩气勘探开发的重点目标层。根据钻井岩心资料,通过有机碳、热解、碳同位素、等温吸附等地球化学实验分析,对川南地区下志留统龙马溪组页岩的有机质特征及其对页岩含气量的影响进行了研究。结果表明,川南地区龙马溪组页岩有机碳含量较高(平均1.53%),有机质类型较好(Ⅰ型和Ⅱ1型),热演化程度高(Ro为1.94%~2.42%),且页岩含气量较高(平均1.85m3/t)。页岩有机质特征是影响页岩含气量的主要因素,有机质丰度、有机质类型和热演化程度三者共同决定了川南地区龙马溪组页岩的含气量。  相似文献   

Oxidative–reductive photodecomposition of perfluorooctanoic acid in water     

R. R. Giri  H. Ozaki  X. Guo  R. Takanami  S. Taniguchi 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2014,11(5):1277-1284

This article aims to elucidate on usefulness of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) for photoreductive degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a representative perfluorinated compound (PFC), in water for the first time. Bench-scale tests were conducted on oxidative and reductive (with aquated electron: e _aq ^? ) mineralization of PFOA using low-pressure UV (LPUV) lamps and potassium iodide. Unlike with 254 nm wavelength (UVC), the reductive mineralization with VUV was very inefficient compared to the corresponding oxidative mineralization. The inefficiency is attributed to low reactivity of e _aq ^? with PFOA and its fluorinated products than that of 185 nm photons. Direct VUV photolysis of PFOA and its products in reductive reaction conditions was not apparent due to a very big difference in reactivity of 185 and 254 nm photons with iodide. The results demonstrated that highly energetic VUV photons are not suitable for photoreductive degradations of PFCs involving e _aq ^? , but they can be best used for oxidative degradations. These findings should serve as an important reference on VUV usage to decompose refractory micropollutants.  相似文献   

Field experiments and numerical simulations of whirlpool foundation pit dewatering     

Jianxiu Wang  Tianrong Huang  Jian Hu  Lingao Wu  Guo Li  Ping Yang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(7):3245-3257

A whirlpool foundation pit is a small-diameter, deep circular pit. Because of its depth and small diameter, a large drawdown is required, and a limited number of wells can be installed inside the pit. During excavation, partially penetrating wells inside and outside the foundation pit have to be installed to lower the water level when the aquifer is too thick. However, partially penetrating wells near partially penetrating curtains cannot be treated by analytical methods. Therefore, it is necessary to use numerical methods to predict dewatering during excavation. Field experiments were performed on whirlpool foundation pit 1880 of Baosteel Group, Shanghai, China, to obtain pumping rates and drawdown, pumping with a single well and two wells in the confined aquifer. The results indicate that the drawdown inside the pit induced by pumping wells outside the foundation pit was small, whereas it was large for pumping wells inside the pit. The pumping wells inside and outside the pit had to be combined to lower the water level. A three-dimensional numerical model was developed to simulate the dewatering process. The hydraulic conductivities of the confined aquifers were inversed by using the pumping tests. Operation schedules were simulated with the corrected model for different combinations of wells inside and outside the pit. The results suggest that different schedules and operation conditions affect drawdown. The monitored results during dewatering indicate that the simulation and field measurements were in agreement. The results can be applied to similar situations.  相似文献   

Response of vegetation pattern to different landform and water-table depth in Hailiutu River basin,Northwestern China     

X. M. Jin  R. H. Guo  Q. Zhang  Y. X. Zhou  D. R. Zhang  Z. Yang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(11):4889-4898

The spatial distribution of vegetation pattern and vegetation cover fraction (VCF) was quantified with remote sensing data in the Hailiutu River basin, a semiarid area in North China. The moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer normalized different vegetation index (NDVI) values for 4 years from 2008 to 2011 and field observation data were used to assess the impact of climate factors, landform and depth to water table on vegetation distribution at large scale. In the VCF map, 74 % of the study area is covered with low and low–medium density vegetation, 24 % of the catchment is occupied by medium–high and high-density vegetation, and 2 % of area is bare soil. The relationship between NDVI and climate factors indicated that NDVI is correlated with relative humidity and precipitation. In the river catchment, NDVI increases gradually from landform of sand dune, eolian sand soil to river valley; 92.4 % of low NDVI from 0.15 to 0.3 is mostly distributed in sand dunes and the vegetation type is shrubs. Crops, shrubs and some dry willows dominate in eolian sand soil and 82.5 % of the NDVI varies between 0.2 and 0.35. In the river valley, 70.4 % of NDVI ranges between 0.25 and 0.4, and grass, dry willow and some crops are the main plants. Shrubs development of Korshinsk peashrub and Salix psammophila are dependent on groundwater by analyzing NDVI response to groundwater depth. However, NDVI of Artemisia desertorum had little sensitivity to groundwater.  相似文献   

再论甘肃镜铁山铁矿成因     

郭少丰 《地质与勘探》2014,50(5):864-873

甘肃“镜铁山”铁矿位于北祁连山加里东褶皱带西段,因铁矿规模大、类型特殊,并同时赋存一个中型铜矿而倍受关注。有关矿床成因各家意见不一,有“火山热液沉积”说,“变质沉积”说,“海底喷气沉积”说,“Sedex型”等,但均认为铁矿属沉积矿产。笔者近期在野外工作期间,在与成矿关系密切的黑色千枚岩中发现了钙质千枚岩捕掳体,证明黑色千枚岩为火成岩,所采矿石、围岩样品的地球化学性质也显示出火成岩特征,因局部地段黑色千枚岩与铁矿成过渡关系,并结合前人所测成矿温度在280℃至340℃之间等证据,综合分析认为镜铁山铁矿可能不是沉积成因,而是与中、基性岩有关的热液变质铁矿。  相似文献   

东疆红山Cu-Au矿床氧化带硫酸盐矿物穆斯堡尔谱特征及其意义     

郭海棠 《地质与勘探》2014,50(3):486-493

穆斯堡尔谱对确定铁离子占位、核外环境及氧化态方面有着独特的优势。在红山铜金矿床氧化带硫酸盐矿物的XRD、TA、湿法化学分析和红外光谱测试的基础上,测定了板铁矾、针绿矾等8种硫酸盐矿物的室温57Fe穆斯堡尔谱,并根据常温下硫酸盐矿物穆斯堡尔谱参数和其晶体结构中Fe3+和Fe2+的占据位置对其谱峰进行了指派。结果表明本矿床氧化带硫酸盐矿物的穆斯堡尔谱的同质异能位移较小、四级矩分裂值分布范围较大、无磁超精细分裂等特征,且硫酸盐矿物结构中存在着共价键。通过与青海锡铁山铅锌矿氧化带硫酸盐矿物的穆斯堡尔谱相比较,两者在近地表风化及氧化过程中所处的物理化学条件基本相同,酸性和氧化性的环境为硫酸盐矿物的产生和保存提供了良好条件,但红山矿床更为干旱少雨,导致两者硫酸盐的穆斯堡尔谱参数略有不同。  相似文献   

东天山图拉尔根大型铜镍硫化物矿床的斜长石主量成分特征：对矿床成因的指示   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郭海棠 《地质与勘探》2014,50(2):269-280

图拉尔根镍铜矿床产于康古尔塔格-黄山韧性剪切带NEE向的次级挤压破碎带上,位于黄山-镜儿泉岩浆铜镍成矿带的东段。矿田范围内有I、II、III号3个镁铁质-超镁铁质杂岩体,主要铜镍矿体就位于I号基性-超基性杂岩体内。该杂岩体主要包括辉长岩、角闪橄榄岩、二辉橄榄岩、角闪辉橄岩等岩相,其中角闪橄榄岩为主要的赋矿岩相。本文通过对矿物颗粒镜下形态、结构、构造的观察,对钻孔中赋矿岩相、不含矿岩相的斜长石进行系统的成分分析和对比,来进一步限定岩浆的演化及矿床成因。图拉尔根矿床中主要造岩矿物的结晶次序为:橄榄石-辉石(角闪石)-角闪石。仅见极少数斜长石颗粒包裹橄榄石,而与辉石和角闪石没有明显的包裹关系,可能是略晚于橄榄石结晶的另一单独结晶序列的矿物。赋矿的角闪橄榄岩中斜长石与硫化物含量呈负相关性。斜长石中SiO2和Al2O3含量相对集中,CaO、Na2O、K2O含量变化范围大。SiO2含量从深部到浅部,表现出含量从低到高变化的趋势,说明岩体中斜长石受同源岩浆结晶分异作用的控制。越靠近富硫化物的角闪橄榄岩,斜长石中CaO和Al2O3含量越高,SiO2、Al2O3、CaO、Na2O、K2O等主量元素的含量变化范围较大。因此,斜长石的主量成分可以作为接近硫化物富矿体的指示。  相似文献   

中国城市群热岛效应时空演变及其影响因素分析     

胡楠林  任志彬  董禹麟  付尧  郭玉洁  毛之夏  常馨悦 《地理科学》2022,42(9):1534-1545

基于长期不透水面和MODIS地表温度数据,分析2000—2015年中国城市群扩张及热岛效应时空演变,进而综合采用冗余分析(RDA)、线性回归分析和变异分配分析(VPA)等方法,揭示城市群城市热岛效应的驱动机制。结果表明：城市群内建成区面积快速扩张,不透水面比例从2000年2.08%增长到2015年5.33%,且主要集中于珠江三角洲等沿海城市群;2000—2015年,夏季热岛分布较广,且白天强度高于夜晚。东部以及大部分北部城市群如哈长城市群等,降温强度较大,但其夜晚热岛效应在不同程度增强。冬季夜晚比白天热岛分布广、强度高,北方、西北、东部等地区夜晚热岛效应也在增强;自然环境因素显著影响城市群热岛强度,降水对夏季夜晚热岛强度起显著负贡献(22%),纬度越高,冬季夜晚热岛强度也越高。人为因素显著影响夜晚热岛分布和城市群内热岛强度的平衡,城市植被覆盖显著减少夜晚城市群内热岛分布,灯光强度对夏季夜晚热岛强度起显著负贡献(24%),对热岛比例起显著正贡献(27%),人口密度对夏季夜晚热岛强度起显著负贡献(31%);自然环境因素对热岛强度的贡献占主导,而人为干扰因素对热岛比例的贡献占主导。  相似文献