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排序方式: 共有152条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
71.
Tomoaki Morishita Yoshito Ishida Shoji Arai Miki Shirasaka 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2005,29(1):107-122
To understand and/or avoid small-scale chemical heterogeneities within geological materials prepared as normal thin sections, in situ multiple trace element determination coupled with the simultaneous microscopic observation of the sample during analysis is preferable. We have examined fifty trace elements in thin (< 30 μm) layers of the NIST SRM 614 and 616 glass reference materials by LA-ICP-MS using different pit diameters and internal standard elements (Ca and Si). Compositional heterogeneities of Tl, Bi, As and Cd were found in NIST SRM 614 and 616 at the spatial resolution of ca. 10 0 μm. Except for these elements, the RSDs of six determinations for most elements were better than 10% in NIST SRM 614 when ablation diameters were < 50 μm. The measured concentrations for most elements in NIST SRM 614 and 616 agree with previous values in the literature at the 95% confidence level with the exception of W and Bi. New LA-ICP-MS data for K, As and Cd are also reported. The results support the view that the latest LA-ICP-MS is a powerful and flexible analytical technique for the determination of multiple ultra-trace element compositions in geological materials prepared as normal thin sections of the type that has been used for polarising optical microscopic observations since the end of the 19th century. 相似文献
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Hydraulic and numerical study on the generation of a subaqueous landslide-induced tsunami along the coast 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yoshinori Shigihara Daichi Goto Fumihiko Imamura Yuichi Kitamura Takayuki Matsubara Kazuaki Takaoka Kazuhiko Ban 《Natural Hazards》2006,39(2):159-177
By carrying out the hydraulic experiments in a one-dimensional open channel and two-dimensional basin, we clarified the process
of how a landslide on a uniform slope causes the generation of a tsunami. The effect of the interactive force that occurs
between the debris flow layer and the tsunami is significant in the generation of a tsunami. The continuous flow of the debris
into the water makes the wave period of the tsunami short. The present experiments apply numerical simulation using the two-layer
model with shear stress models on the bottom and interface, and the results are compared. The simulated debris flow shows
good agreement with the measured results and ensures the rushing process into the water. We propose that the model use a Manning
coefficient of 0.01 for the smooth slope and 0.015 for the rough slope, and a horizontal viscosity of 0.01 m2/s for the landslide; an interactive force of 0.2 for each layer is recommended. The dispersion effect should be included
in the numerical model for the propagation from the shore. 相似文献
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75.
This study presents a cyclic load test of four RC columns to obtain data on stresses and strains on lateral shear‐reinforcing bars that contact buckled longitudinal reinforcing bars. The specimens include columns laterally jacketed with all‐elastic fibre‐reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets. The buckling lengths and modes in the longitudinal bars of the four column specimens stabilized at a buckling deflection (= lateral deformation of buckled longitudinal bar) from 0.3 to 0.6 mm. The yield portion ratio rby of shear reinforcement around the buckled longitudinal bars was introduced as an index of the development of buckling conditions. Here, the yield portion ratio rby was defined as the ratio of the length of the region where the shear reinforcements yield lby, to the buckling length lb. The rby values of the tested columns ranged from 0.45 to 0.76. The test results show that the buckling stress and the specific compressive stress of the longitudinal bars in the columns were smaller than those of the bare bars. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
76.
Frenken Mike Bellanova Piero Nishimura Yuichi Reicherter Klaus Schwarzbauer Jan 《Natural Hazards》2022,114(1):313-333
Natural Hazards - The 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami left a characteristic geochemical signature in the sediments of the Misawa harbor on the Aomori coastline (northern Japan), not only in vertical... 相似文献
77.
Kuninao Tada Koji Monaka Masakazu Morishita Toshiya Hashimoto 《Journal of Oceanography》1998,54(4):285-295
Standing stocks and production rates of phytoplankton and abundance of bacteria were investigated at 39 stations in the Seto
Inland Sea, Japan during four crulses in October 1993, January, April and June 1994. Primary productivity was measured by
the13C tracer method. Photosynthetic rate varied from 0.41 to 32.1 μgC/1/h with an average value of 4.67 μgC/l/h. Annual primary
production was estimated to be 218 gC/m2/year. Annual primary production in this study was 1.8 times as high as the values which were previously reported at same
area. The reason for the disagreement between our primary production value and previous values is not thought to be due to
the difference of methods used for measuring primary production or the different Chl.a concentrations but to the method of estimating the primary production in the euphotic zone from thein vitro measurements. The distribution of bacterial cells in surface seawater was examined during the same cruises. Bacterial cell
density ranged from 0.32 to 3.4×106 cells/ml. The density was relatively high in the eutrophic regions of Hiroshima Bay and Osaka Bay In addition, a high density
of bacteria was also observed in an area within Suo Nada where Chl.a was relatively low. The disparity between Chla and bacterial density in Suo Nada suggests that bacterial abundance can be controlled by the availability of substrates other
than phytoplankton exudate. 相似文献
78.
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80.
Yoshitaka Komatsu Hiroaki Kato Bo Zhu Tao Wang Fan Yang Randeep Rakwal Yuichi Onda 《山地科学学报》2018,15(4):738-751
Purple soil is highly susceptible for overland flow and surface erosion, therefore understanding surface runoff and soil erosion processes in the purple soil region are important to mitigate flooding and erosion hazards. Slope angle is an important parameter that affects the magnitude of runoff and thus surface erosion in hilly landscapes or bare land area. However, the effect of slope on runoff generation remains unclear in many different soils including Chinese purple soil. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between different slope gradients and surface runoff for bare-fallow purple soil, using 5 m × 1.5 m experimental plots under natural rainfall conditions. Four experimental plots(10°, 16°, 20° and 26°) were established in theYanting Agro-ecological Experimental Station of Chinese Academy of Science in central Sichuan Basin. The plot was equipped with water storage tank to monitor water level change. Field monitoring from July 1 to October 31, 2012 observed 42 rainfall events which produced surface runoff from the experimental plots. These water level changes were converted to runoff. The representative eight rainfall events were selected for further analysis, the relationship between slope and runoff coefficient were determined using ANOVA, F-test, and z-score analysis. The results indicated a strong correlation between rainfall and runoff in cumulative amount basis. The mean value of the measured runoff coefficient for four experimental plots was around 0.1. However, no statistically significant relationship was found between slope and runoff coefficient. We reviewed the relationship between slope and runoff in many previous studiesand calculated z-score to compare with our experimental results. The results of z-score analysis indicated that both positive and negative effects of slope on runoff coefficient were obtained, however a moderate gradient(16°-20° in this study) could be a threshold of runoff generation for many different soils including the Chinese purple soil. 相似文献