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231.
232.
Bo Barker Jørgensen Michael E. Böttcher Lev N. Neretin 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2004,68(9):2095-2118
The main terminal processes of organic matter mineralization in anoxic Black Sea sediments underlying the sulfidic water column are sulfate reduction in the upper 2-4 m and methanogenesis below the sulfate zone. The modern marine deposits comprise a ca. 1-m-deep layer of coccolith ooze and underlying sapropel, below which sea water ions penetrate deep down into the limnic Pleistocene deposits from >9000 years BP. Sulfate reduction rates have a subsurface maximum at the SO42−-CH4 transition where H2S reaches maximum concentration. Because of an excess of reactive iron in the deep limnic deposits, most of the methane-derived H2S is drawn downward to a sulfidization front where it reacts with Fe(III) and with Fe2+ diffusing up from below. The H2S-Fe2+ transition is marked by a black band of amorphous iron sulfide above which distinct horizons of greigite and pyrite formation occur. The pore water gradients respond dynamically to environmental changes in the Black Sea with relatively short time constants of ca. 500 yr for SO42− and 10 yr for H2S, whereas the FeS in the black band has taken ca. 3000 yr to accumulate. The dual diffusion interfaces of SO42−-CH4 and H2S-Fe2+ cause the trapping of isotopically heavy iron sulfide with δ34S = +15 to +33‰ at the sulfidization front. A diffusion model for sulfur isotopes shows that the SO42− diffusing downward into the SO42−-CH4 transition has an isotopic composition of +19‰, close to the +23‰ of H2S diffusing upward. These isotopic compositions are, however, very different from the porewater SO42− (+43‰) and H2S (−15‰) at the same depth. The model explains how methane-driven sulfate reduction combined with a deep H2S sink leads to isotopically heavy pyrite in a sediment open to diffusion. These results have general implications for the marine sulfur cycle and for the interpretation of sulfur isotopic data in modern sediments and in sedimentary rocks throughout earth’s history. 相似文献
233.
根据新土地分类在南海区1∶1000土地利用现状调查中的应用,采用文献分析法和实例验证法,探讨其在大比例尺土地利用现状调查中的适用性。结果表明:新土地分类在使用中存在诸如分类层次数目少且略显粗糙以及界线不严谨等问题。提出建议:增加分类层次熏进一步细化分类;更清晰表达地类涵义以及统一分类标准等。 相似文献
234.
235.
自适应空间信息移动服务 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
空间信息移动服务系统是空间信息系统继由传统PC计算环境向有线Web分布式计算环境扩展后,向移动计算环境的新发展。文中在分析移动计算环境概念和特点的基础上,讨论了空间信息移动服务的若干特点及关键技术,研究了自适应空间信息移动服务方案。 相似文献
236.
导航卫星自主定轨的算法研究及模拟结果 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5
讨论了利用卫星-卫星间的距离观测值建立导航卫星系统自主定轨的数学方法,并用GPS星座模拟星间观测值,采用滤波算法计算卫星的状态参数。模拟结果表明,在空间测距精度一定的情况下,自主定轨精度能高于GPS广播星历,因而能较精确地维持卫星系统的坐标框架。 相似文献
237.
The absorption properties of the water vapor continuum and a number of weak bands for H2O, O2, CO2, CO, N2O, CH4, and O3 in the solar spectrum are incorporated into the Fu-Liou radiation parameterization program by using the correlated k-distribution method (CKD) for the sorting of absorption lines. The overlap absorption of the H2O lines and the H2O continuum (2500-14500 cm-1) are treated by taking the two gases as a single-mixture gas in transmittance calculations. Furthermore, in order to optimize the computation efforts, CO2 and CH4 in the spectral region 2850-5250 cm-1 are taken as a new single-mixture gas as well. For overlap involving other absorption lines in the Fu-Liou spectral bands, the authors adopt the multiplication rule for transmittance computations under which the absorption spectra for two gases are assumed to be uncorrelated. Compared to the line-by-line (LBL) computation, it is shown that the errors in fluxes introduced by these two approaches within the context of the CKD method are small and less than 0.48% for the H2O line and continuum in the 2500-14500 cm-1 solar spectral region, -1% for H2O (line) H2O (continuum) CO2 CH4 in the spectral region 2850-5250 cm-1, and -1.5% for H2O (line) H2O (continuum) O2 in the 7700-14500 cm-1 spectral region. Analysis also demonstrates that the multiplication rule over a spectral interval as wide as 6800 cm-1 can produce acceptable errors with a maximum percentage value of about 2% in reference to the LBL calculation. Addition of the preceding gases increases the absorption of solar radiation under all sky conditions. For clear sky, the increase in instantaneous solar absorption is about 9%-13% (~12 W m~2) among which the H2O continuum produces the largest increase, while the contributions from O2 and CO2 rank second and third, respectively. In cloudy sky, the addition of absorption amounts to about 6-9 W m-2. The new, improved program with the incorporation of the preceding gases produces a smaller solar absorption in clouds due to the reduced solar flux reaching the cloud top. 相似文献
238.
分析了自动气象站分钟雨量资料获取与转换的必要性,介绍了雨量资料获取的思路与具体方法.通过这种方法,实现了商丘市所有自动气象站雨量资料的共享,并与GPRS、GSM乡级自动雨量站资料进行融合. 相似文献
239.
1. IntroductionAs well known, Kuroshio is a famous and strongwest boundary current in the North Pacific. It trans-fers enormous energy from the low latitudes to themid-high latitudes and releases huge heat flux to theatmosphere above (Hsiung, 1985). The variation ofKuroshio exerts great influence on weather and cli-mate in East Asian.During 1950-60s, Lü (1950, 1964) found that thewestern North Pacific SSTA had a close relation withsummer rainfall in China. In the 1970s, evidencesshowed… 相似文献
240.
在中国甘肃省的黑方台阶地上从上世纪60年代开始出现人类定居和开垦活动,并自1968年发展为灌溉农业。随着灌溉的进行地面已出现沉陷和滑坡。地表沉陷是由灌溉水的充填引起黄土结构崩塌造成的。然而崩塌和湿润化对剪切特征的影响目前还不清楚。为了研究湿化后的黄土剪切特征的变化,进行了对马兰黄土未经扰动和重塑土样的直接剪切盒测试。结果显示未扰动土样的粘合力和内摩擦角在湿润化后都下降了,而所观察到的重塑土的弹度参数只有少许变化。未扰动土的不饱合粘合力,据认为其受胶结物质的影响,在饱合后消失了。经灌溉的土的不饱合强度参数与未灌溉土相比表现出差异,它们可能受土壤水分的强烈影响。 相似文献