Preliminary analysis of population genetic diversity of cultivated <Emphasis Type="Italic">Laminaria japonica</Emphasis> sporophyte via AFLP technique     

Heng Yi  Zhenghong Sui  Zhenmin Bao 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2010,9(1):53-58

The amplified fragment length polymorphic DNA (AFLP) technique was adopted to estimate the population genetic polymorphism among 30 sporophytes of Laminaria japonica collected from a cultivating farm in Rongcheng, China. Three methods were used for genomic DNA extraction from Laminaria japonica sporophyte and only the products obtained using the improved genomic DNA extraction kit method proved qualified for AFLP analysis. The parameters of the method were optimized. Samples of forty milligrams and the cell lysis time of 120 min were suggested to replace the parameters recommended by the manufacturer. Thirty individuals of Laminaria japonica from the same cultivating site were investigated using one pair of selective primers. A total of 21 loci were obtained and 17 of them were polymorphic. The mean percent age of polymorphic loci of this population was 80.95%. The Nei’s gene diversity (H) within this population was 0.3028 and the average Shannon’s Information index (I) was 0.4498. A genetic distance matrix among different individuals was constructed as well. Through this study, an applicable AFLP genetic analysis working system for Laminaria japonica sporophyte was established. The results of this research also revealed a high level of genetic diversity within the studied population.  相似文献   

散粒体系统动力学仿真     

姜世平  芮筱亭  洪俊  戎保  刘志军 《岩土力学》2011,32(8):2529-2532

针对多面体粒子组成的散粒体系统,基于离散单元法,建立了每个散粒体的邻居目录,在邻居目录内以射线交叉法判断散粒体间的接触,给出了散粒体系统动力学的仿真方法,有效地实现了对散粒体系统接触碰撞动力学的数值仿真。该方法具有重要的理论价值,可推广应用于众多工程领域的散粒体系统堆积、碰撞动力学仿真  相似文献   

地表温度与加权平均温度的非线性关系     

姚宜斌  刘劲宏  张豹  何畅勇 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2015,40(1):112-116

在温度随高度线性递减的假定下,根据加权平均温度和函数内积的定义,推导出加权平均温度犜犿与地表温度犜狊存在非线性函数关系,这突破了传统的加权平均温度犜犿与地表温度犜狊近似为一次函数关系的认识。利用2010年中国78个无线电探空站数据对线性函数和非线性函数的系数项进行拟合,其结果证实了加权平均温度犜犿与地表温度犜狊的非线性关系。   相似文献   

两种精化的对流层延迟改正模型   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

姚宜斌  张豹  严凤  许超钤 《地球物理学报》2015,58(5):1492-1501

对流层延迟是全球导航卫星系统(Global Navigation Satellite System,GNSS)导航定位中的重要误差源,其量值主要受气象条件影响.采用传统对流层建模思路,利用GPT2模型来提供相对准确的气温、气压和相对湿度,然后利用Saastamoinen模型来计算天顶对流层延迟,由此构建了GPT2+Saas模型;采用新的对流层建模思路,直接针对天顶对流层延迟的时空特性建模,构建了与GPT2+Saas模型相匹配的GZTDS格网模型.以GGOS Atmosphere格网数据为参考,GPT2+Saas模型(Bias:0.2cm;RMS:4.2cm)和GZTDS模型(Bias:0.2cm;RMS:3.7cm)较UNB3m模型精度分别提升34%和43%.以IGS(International GNSS Service)数据为参考,GPT2+Saas(Bias:0.5cm;RMS:4.7cm)和GZTDS(Bias:-0.3cm;RMS:3.8cm)相对UNB3m模型精度分别提升10%和27%.针对GPT2+Saas模型在少数测站出现精度异常的情况进行了研究,探讨了可能的原因.在两种不同思路构建的精化对流层模型中,GZTDS模型不仅表现出更高的精度,而且在时间稳定性和地理稳定性上也表现出优越性.  相似文献   

基于签到数据的城市活动时空间动态变化及区划研究   总被引：10，自引：6，他引：4  

王波  甄峰  张浩 《地理科学》2015,35(2):151-160

借助新浪微博,引入位置服务大数据,以南京市为例,从时间、空间、活动3个方面分析城市活动空间的动态变化,并在掌握变化规律的基础上进一步划分城市活动区域。研究发现：传统的作息规律仍然支配着人们的签到活动,时间与活动内容间的对应关系仍然存在;居民活动在工作日、休息日与节假日,以及主城与外围地区存在差异;城市活动空间在一天内经历了相对分散-集聚-进一步集聚-分散-相对集聚的动态变化;城市活动区域可以划分为就业活动区、居住活动区、休闲活动区、夜生活活动区,及综合活动区;活动功能区呈现出混合化与边界模糊化的特征。  相似文献   

网上购物对个人出行与城市零售空间影响的研究进展及启示   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

刘学  甄峰  张敏  席广亮 《地理科学进展》2015,34(1):48-54

随着互联网的快速发展和普及,网上购物因其巨大的经济潜力已经成为ICT 应用的核心领域之一。网上购物指的是通过互联网搜索或购买商品和服务的活动,网上购物作为一种新的购物渠道和媒介,与城市传统零售业在竞争的同时又相互补充,重新塑造人们的购物行为和零售业运行模式,进而改变着城市传统零售业布局和土地利用格局。本文重点梳理国内外近20 年来地理学界关于网上购物、出行和城市零售空间的研究内容。网上购物和出行的关系包括替代、补充、修正、中立4 个方面。网上购物对城市零售空间的影响包括:①扩大化和碎片化活动空间;②不同等级零售空间受网购影响差异显著,向虚实融合的零售空间转化;③线上线下零售活动向与其他空间渗透和融合,促进传统零售空间转型。研究结论可为消费者出行优化和城市传统零售业发展转型提供借鉴。  相似文献   

塔北南坡差异构造隆升及其对古岩溶发育的影响     

李萌  汤良杰  李宗杰  甄素静 《现代地质》2015,29(3):684-691

利用平衡剖面恢复法,研究了塔北南坡各次级单元构造演化的时空差异性,结合寒武系-奥陶系储层不整合面的发育特征,进一步探讨差异隆升过程对古岩溶尤其是表生岩溶发育的影响。研究结果表明：英买力凸起和库尔勒鼻凸形成于加里东中期早幕,至燕山晚期基本定型;构造隆升对应了加里东中期早幕-燕山中期的岩溶作用,岩溶持续时间长、溶蚀作用强烈,但古岩溶也在长期暴露过程中遭到剥蚀。阿克库勒凸起和草湖凹陷则形成于加里东中期Ⅰ幕,定型于印支期;构造隆升时间与加里东中期Ⅰ幕-海西晚期的岩溶作用相对应,抬升暴露适度,有利于大规模岩溶的形成和保存。哈拉哈塘凹陷形成于加里东中期Ⅰ幕,海西晚期已基本定型,对应加里东中期Ⅰ幕和Ⅲ幕的岩溶作用,表生岩溶作用的影响相对较弱。  相似文献   

增强地热系统热储层-盐水-CO2相互作用     

那金  许天福  魏铭聪  冯波  鲍新华  姜雪 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,45(5):1493-1501

增强型地热系统(EGS)是采用人工形成地热储层的方法,从低渗透性岩体中经济地采出深层热能的人工地热系统。以CO₂为载热流体的增强地热能系统(CO₂-EGS)是实现CO₂减排和深部地热资源开发的有效手段,系统运行时的水-岩-气相互作用对热储层孔渗特征有着重要影响,最终会影响储层的产热能力。笔者利用高温高压反应釜模拟CO₂-EGS高温下的热储层-盐水-CO₂的相互作用,通过对实验中反应液离子成分变化和岩样扫描电镜进行分析,结果表明:实验后的钾长石和方解石出现溶解现象,且方解石溶蚀剧烈;岩样表面出现极少量次生方解石和钠长石,并有新矿物析出,其主要组成元素为C、O、Si、Fe,为菱铁矿的中间产物。通过TOUGHREACT建立反应性溶质运移模型,模拟上述实验的化学反应过程,模拟结果和实验数据拟合较好。该研究可为CO₂-EGS的水-岩-气作用机制提供地球化学数据。  相似文献   

Composition, spatial distribution, and environmental significance of water ions in Pumayum Co catchment, southern Tibet     

ZHU Liping  JU Jianting  WANG Yong  XIE Manping  WANG Junbo  PENG Ping  ZHEN Xiaolin  LIN Xiao 《地理学报》2010,20(1):109-120

The chemistry of major cations (Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+, and K+) and anions (HCO3 ?, SO4 2?, and Cl?) in the water of Lake Pumayum Co and its inflow river was studied, revealing the obvious ionic difference among various inflow rivers and the lake. The chemical type of the lake water was Mg2+-Ca2+-HCO3 ?-SO4 2+, but the major ions of the main inflow rivers were Ca2+-Mg2+-HCO3 ?. In the lake inlet of Jiaqu River, the main inflow river, there was significant variance of water chemistry within the depth less than 2 m. However, it was almost homogeneous at other area of the lake. Therefore, with the evidence of distribution of water chemistry and oxygen isotope of lake water, a conclusion can be outlined that Jiaqu River had a distinct effect on the hydrochemistry of the water on the submerged delta, whereas this is not the case for other rivers. The Gibbs plot revealed that the dominant mechanism responsible for controlling chemical compositions of the lake water was rocks weathering in the drainage area. Ion ratios and ternary plots further explored the main processes controlling the water chemistry of the catchment, i.e., carbonate weathering, pyrite weathering, and silicate weathering. The different hydrochemistry characteristics between river water and lake water may result from the CaCO3 precipitation. The findings will benefit the explanation of the environmental significance of carbonate in paleolimnological studies in the lake.  相似文献   

ENSO and solar activity signals from oxygen isotopes in diatom silica during late glacial-Holocene transition in Central Andes (18°S)     

Armand Hernández  Santiago Giralt  Roberto Bao  Alberto Sáez  Melanie J. Leng  Philip A. Barker 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2010,44(2):413-429

The late glacial-Holocene transition from the Lago Chungará sedimentary record in northern Chilean Altiplano (18°S) is made up of laminated sediments composed of light-white and dark-green pluriannual couplets of diatomaceous ooze. Light-white sediment laminae accumulated during short-term extraordinary diatom blooms whereas dark-green sediment laminae represent the baseline limnological conditions during several years of deposition. Diatom oxygen isotope ratios (δ¹⁸O_diatom) from 40 consecutive dark-green laminae, ranging from 11,990 to 11,450 cal year BP, show that a series of decadal-to-centennial dry–wet oscillations occurred. Dry periods are marked by relatively high isotope values whereas wet episodes are indicated by lower values. This interpretation agrees with the reconstructions of terrigenous inputs and regional effective moisture availability carried out in the lake but there is a systematic temporal disagreement between them owing to the non-linear response of the lacustrine ecosystem to environmental forcings. Furthermore, the δ¹⁸O_diatom record tracks effective moisture changes at a centennial scale. Three major phases have been established (11,990–11,800, 11,800–11,550, and 11,550–11,450 cal year BP). Each phase is defined by an increasing isotope trend followed by a sudden depletion. In addition, several wet and dry events at a decadal scale are superimposed onto these major trends. Spectral analyses of the δ¹⁸O_diatom values suggest that cycles and events could have been triggered by both El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and solar activity. Significant ENSO frequencies of 7–9 years and 15–17 years, and periodicities of the solar activity cycles such as 11 years (Schwabe), 23 years (Hale) and 35 years (Brückner) have been recognised in the oxygen isotope time series. Time–frequency analysis shows that although solar and ENSO forcing were present at the onset of the Holocene, they were more intense during the late glacial period. The early Holocene might have been mainly governed by La Niña-like conditions that correspond to wet conditions over the Andean Altiplano.  相似文献