Determining the optimal pumping duration of transient pumping tests for estimating hydraulic properties of leaky aquifers using global curve-fitting method: a simulation approach   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Peiyue Li  Hui Qian  Jianhua Wu  Hongwei Liu  Xinsheng Lyu  Hongbo Zhang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(1):293-299

Global curve-fitting method (GCFM) is regarded as an effective approach in hydrogeological parameter estimation, as it integrates and uses pumping data and water recovery data of a transient pumping test for parameter estimation. The impacts of pumping duration on hydrogeological parameter estimation by GCFM were investigated in the present study using 2 in situ pumping tests and 24 simulated transient pumping tests. Empirical formulas for determining the optimal pumping duration were derived. The study results suggest that pumping duration will have impacts on the accuracy of hydrogeological parameter estimation. When pumping duration is longer than a certain period, relative errors of hydrogeological parameter estimation keep relatively stable within an acceptable limit. Therefore, it is unnecessary to continue the pumping for a very long time after the groundwater level has become stable. When the change rate of drawdown over time (γ) in an observation well located within a distance of 100 m to the pumping well reaches 0.134, the pumping can be stopped. If there are more than one observation wells in a pumping test, the smallest γ value should be selected to determine the optimal pumping duration. This research is meaningful in the instruction of pumping tests, and will reduce test costs greatly.  相似文献   

Assessment of soil salinization based on a low-cost method and its influencing factors in a semi-arid agricultural area,northwest China   总被引：13，自引：9，他引：4  

Jianhua Wu  Peiyue Li  Hui Qian  Yuan Fang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(8):3465-3475

An investigation of soil salinization was carried out in the Nanshantaizi area (Northwest China) with WET Sensor. This device can measure such soil parameters as bulk soil electrical conductivity, water content, and the pore water electrical conductivity that are important for soil salinization assessments. A distribution map of soil salinization was produced, and the factors influencing soil salinization and its processes were discussed in detail. The study shows that moderately salinized to salt soils are mainly observed in the alluvial plain, where groundwater level is high and lateral recharge water contains high salinity. Nanshantaizi is covered by slightly salinized soils. The soil salinization distribution estimated by WET Sensor is generally consistent with the actual levels of salinization. Soil salinity in Nanshantaizi is mostly of natural origin and accumulated salts could leach to deeper soils or aquifers by water percolation during irrigation. Groundwater evaporation, groundwater level depth and quality of recharge water are important factors influencing soil salinization in the alluvial plain.  相似文献   

Spatial prediction of soil water content in karst area using prime terrain variables as auxiliary cokriging variable   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Qiyong Yang  Zhongcheng Jiang  Zulu Ma  Hui Li 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(11):4303-4310

In karst areas, accurately measuring and managing the spatial variability of soil water content (SWC) is very critical in settling numerous issues such as karst rocky desertification, ecosystem reconstruction, etc. In these areas, SWC exhibits strong spatial dependence, and it is a time and labor consuming procedure to measure its spatial variability. Therefore, estimation of this kind of soil property at an acceptable level of accuracy is of great significance. This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the spatial estimation of SWC by using ordinary kriging (OK) and cokriging (COK) methods with prime terrain variables, tending to predict SWC using limited available sample data for a 2,363.7 km² study area in Mashan County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Southwest China. The measured SWC ranged from 3.36 to 26.69 %, with a mean of 17.34 %. The correlation analysis between SWC and prime terrain variables indicated that SWC showed significantly positive correlation with elevation (r is 0.46, P < 0.01), and significantly negative correlation with slope (r is ?0.30, P < 0.01); however, SWC was not significantly correlated with aspect in the study area. Therefore, elevation and slope were used as auxiliary data together for SWC prediction using COK method, and mean error (ME) and root mean square error were adopted to validate the prediction of SWC by these methods. Results indicated that COK with prime terrain variables data was superior to OK with relative improvement of 28.52 % in the case of limited available data, and also revealed that such elevation and slope data have the potential to improve the precision and reliability of SWC prediction as useful auxiliary variables.  相似文献   

Scale matching of multiscale digital elevation model (DEM) data and the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model: a case study of meteorological simulation in Hong Kong     

Chunxiao Zhang  Hui Lin  Min Chen  Liang Yang 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(6):2215-2223

It is becoming easier to combine geographical data and dynamic models to provide information for problem solving and geographical cognition. However, the scale dependencies of the data, model, and process can confuse the results. This study extends traditional scale research in static geographical patterns to dynamic processes and focuses on the combined scale effect of multiscale geographical data and dynamic models. The capacity for topographical expression under the combined scale effect was investigated by taking multiscale topographical data and meteorological processes in Hong Kong as a case study. A meteorological simulation of the combined scale effect was evaluated against data from Hong Kong Observatory stations. The experiments showed that (1) a digital elevation model (DEM) using 3 arc sec data with a 1 km resolution Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model gives better topographical expression and meteorological reproduction in Hong Kong; (2) a fine-scale model is sensitive to the resolution of the DEM data, whereas a coarse-scale model is less sensitive to it; (3) better topographical expression alone does not improve weather process simulation; and (4) uncertainty arising from a scale mismatch between the DEM data and the dynamic model may account for 38 % of the variance in certain meteorological variables (e.g., temperature). This case study gives a clear explanation of the significance and implementation of scale matching for multiscale geographical data and dynamic models.  相似文献   

长江经济带土壤质量评价及产地适宜性初步研究          下载免费PDF全文

刘红樱  姜月华  杨辉  许乃政  杨国强  金阳 《中国地质调查》2014,6(5):50-63

开展土壤质量评价对科学划定永久基本农田及统筹优化农业生产布局具有重要指导意义。本文采用内梅罗综合污染指数法、分级法、累积频率法和综合判定法,参照《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准》(试行)(GB 15618—2018)和《绿色食品产地环境质量》(NY/T 391—2013),对长江经济带土壤重金属污染、酸碱度、有益元素丰缺和绿色农产品产地适宜性进行评价。研究区土壤质量总体良好,清洁土壤面积34.84万km²,其重金属含量继承了自然背景特征; 三级及以下土壤面积6.94万km²,呈斑块及星点状分布于赣东北、赣南、湖南长沙—郴州一带、沿江及贵阳、昆明等地,其重金属为自然富集或受矿业开发、煤炭和石油的燃烧及工业“三废”排放的影响。酸性土壤面积33.56万km²,分布于江西、湖南、宁波—台州沿海和金华衢州盆地,碱性土壤面积15.69万km²,分布于苏北平原、环洞庭湖、成都平原以及沿长江一线,其土壤酸碱度与土壤类型有关。土壤有益元素丰缺与第四系沉积物成土母质有关,土壤有益元素适量及以上区域面积34.44万km²,分布于四川阿坝、成都盆地、环洞庭湖、环鄱阳湖、安徽沿江、苏北沿海和杭嘉湖平原; 土壤有益元素缺乏区面积13.89万km²,分布于赣南、江淮、鄂东北以及云南玉溪等地。绿色农产品产地最适宜区、适宜区和不适宜区面积分别为22.49万km²、18.78万km²和18.28万km²。依据区内绿色农产品产地适宜性、土壤环境质量和立地条件划分出7片永久农田保护建议区。  相似文献   

长江经济带岩盐矿特征与盐穴储库适宜性评价          下载免费PDF全文

刘红樱  姜月华  杨国强  金阳  杨辉  周权平 《中国地质调查》2014,6(5):89-98

长江经济带包括上海、江苏、浙江、安徽、江西、湖北、湖南、四川、重庆、云南和贵州11个省(直辖市),是我国重要的经济发展区域,油气资源长期安全可靠的储存对于该区经济可持续发展至关重要。基于长江经济带战略油气储库基地建设规划布局的需求,在充分收集利用前人地质调查和研究成果的基础上,对区内岩盐矿床进行了综合研究和分析,建立了层次结构模型,评价了盐穴油气储库建设的可行性。长江经济带除上海和贵州外,其余9省(直辖市)均发现了大量的岩盐矿床,主要成盐时代为震旦纪、三叠纪、白垩纪和古近纪; 成盐盆地范围0.29~10 000 km²,盐层累计厚度3~1 050 m,矿体埋藏深度40~3 400 m; 矿石中NaCl含量20%~99.86%; 矿体顶底板及夹层岩石主要为泥岩、粉砂质泥岩及泥质粉砂岩。地质调查揭示出区内大部分地下盐穴远离地震活动带,构造稳定,因此可以改造为石油储库。考虑储气库的密闭性及安全性,江苏金坛盆地等6个盐矿埋深适中,建穴地质条件较好,适合建造储气盐穴库; 江苏淮安等14个盆地的局部地区适合建造天然气储库; 重庆垫江等11个盐矿埋深较大,可以建造储气盐穴库,但建造成本较高; 湖南澧县等21个盐矿埋藏偏浅,应选择更深部的盐层空间建造油气储库。建议在江苏金坛、淮安、赵集和丰县,江西清江和会昌,湖北云应、天门小板和潜江等盐矿地区优先开发利用盐穴。  相似文献   

扬子西缘小相岭地区苏雄组古火山机构的发现及意义          下载免费PDF全文

鄢圣武  伍文湘  李小平  杨辉  马继跃  熊富浩 《中国地质调查》2014,6(3):47-55

通过详细的野外地质调查,发现扬子西缘小相岭地区苏雄组火山岩由巨厚的酸性-中酸性熔岩、火山碎屑岩和少量基性熔岩组成,在小相岭山脊两侧首次厘定4处古火山机构。其中,阳糯雪山古火山机构最壮观,是由火山颈相、溢流相、爆发相和火山沉积相构成的完整古火山机构。通过系统的地质剖面研究,发现该古火山机构存在2次喷发亚旋回和15个火山韵律,2次喷发亚旋回之间出现了1次明显的火山间歇期。小相岭地区古火山机构的发现,进一步厘定了苏雄组火山岩的喷发方式和构建特征,对进一步研究苏雄组酸性火山碎屑岩的起源及新元古代陆内裂谷作用具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Analysis on the law of occurrence of shallow geothermal energy in Zhoukou City of Henan Province,China     

XING Hui  DI Yan-song  YONG Yi 《地下水科学与工程》2014,7(3):282-287

In this paper, through data collection and field investigation, the development and utilization status of shallow geothermal energy in Zhoukou urban area was discussed. Based on the analysis of hydrogeological conditions, rock and soil structure characteristics and field test research, the spatial distribution characteristics of rock and soil in the study area were summarized. The study shows that Zhoukou City is located in the alluvial plain of Huanghuai, and the loose deposits of river alluvial genesis range 0-200 m. These loose deposits and groundwater stored in their pores are the main carriers of shallow geothermal energy. In the central part of the Yinghe River in the middle of the study area, the aquifer thickness is within 200 m, the particle size is coarser, the water-bearing degree and recharge capacity is better. On this basis, the paper uses AHP to evaluate the suitability of shallow geothermal energy development and utilization to guide the rational development and utilization of shallow geothermal energy resources.  相似文献   

Kiel Ⅳ-IRMS双路在线分析微量碳酸盐的碳氧同位素     

杨会  唐伟  吴夏  王华  应启和  涂林玲 《岩矿测试》2014,33(4):480-485

石笋能重建百年、十年的气候事件,为达到空间高分辨率,对微量碳酸盐的检测提出了更高要求,传统磷酸酸解法的样品用量大(约10 mg)已经无法满足微量样品的分析,而激光探针质谱分析方法需对检测结果进行校正。本文采用KielⅣ-IRMS双路在线分析技术对微量碳酸盐样品的碳、氧同位素进行检测研究其可行性,并以GBW 04405和NBS 19为例研究了不同样品量的碳酸盐标准样品在不同反应时间对同位素分馏的影响。结果表明,由于标准样品所需的反应时间不同,从而导致同位素分馏值的差异。对样品量为4~85μg的标准样品GBW 04405进行检测,δ13C、δ18O测量值分别为0.574‰±0.027‰、-8.519‰±0.065‰,与推荐值0.57‰±0.03‰、-8.49‰±0.14‰基本一致,表明该方法能够满足微量碳酸盐测试的要求。将KielⅣ-IRMS双路在线分析技术与GasbenchⅡ-IRMS检测方法进行对比,对于标准样品GBW 04405,KielⅣ-IRMS所用样品量约为50μg,δ13C、δ18O测量值分别为0.576‰±0.012‰、-8.501‰±0.050‰,GasbenchⅡ-IRMS所用样品量约为140μg,δ13C、δ18O测量值分别为0.569‰±0.034‰、-8.590‰±0.099‰。表明KielⅣ-IRMS方法相比于GasbenchⅡ-IRMS方法所需样品量少,精度高,结果重现性好,该方法在碳酸盐样品的应用上能达到空间高分辨率。  相似文献   

直流电弧原子发射光谱法测定钛和钛合金中微量杂质元素     

王辉  马晓敏  郑伟  王宽 《岩矿测试》2014,33(4):506-511

高纯度的钛及钛合金具有良好的可塑性,当有杂质存在时变得脆而硬而影响其性能,准确分析杂质元素的含量有利于对钛生产工艺进行质量控制。对于杂质元素的分析,现行国家标准方法是采用样品蒸发温度较高的直流电弧作为光源,摄谱仪测定,需要经过显影、定影、测量黑度等步骤,操作繁琐,流程长,测量误差较大。本文应用中阶梯光栅和电荷耦合器件(CCD)组成的直流电弧(DC Arc)原子发射光谱仪(波长范围200~800nm),谱线干扰分析和谱线强度测量可以同时进行,能更大限度地获取光谱信息,建立了快速测定钛及钛合金中10种微量杂质元素(锰锡铬镍铝钼钒铜锆钇)的分析方法。实验讨论了测定过程中的四类谱线干扰,包括钛作为基体元素的谱线干扰、钛合金中添加的化学成分元素干扰、铁谱线的干扰、杂质元素之间的干扰,确定了适当的分析线;并应用一种浅孔薄壁细颈杯形电极装入试样,提高了样品的蒸发效果;用氯化银和碳粉的混合物作缓冲剂,提高了待测元素的谱线强度。本方法的检测范围为0.001%~0.06%,精密度小于15%,回收率为90.0%~110.0%,适合于大批量钛及钛合金样品中杂质元素的同时检测。  相似文献