基于加权水平精度因子的伪卫星基站选择方法     

薛晓峰  王玲 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(10):1070-1075

提出一种以加权水平精度因子为依据的基站选择方法，该方法根据基站和用户的相对位置给予每个基站不同的权值，降低测量误差较大的基站被选中参与定位的可能性。通过对伪距测量误差数学模型的分析，推导伪卫星定位系统加权矩阵，并设计了基于基站对WHDOP贡献的基站选择方法。仿真结果表明，该方法能更加高效、准确地实现伪卫星基站的选择，降低接收机的计算量，提高系统的定位精度。  相似文献   

城市行政区划调整背景下城郊居民地方认同的重构与机制研究——以广州番禺小龙村为例     

马凌  张媛媛  朱竑  陈晓亮 《地理研究》2019,38(8):2044-2057

快速城市化带来了行政区划的调整及城市土地、空间和边界的改变,也重构了传统的地方与地方认同。以广州市番禺小龙村为例,分析城市扩张和地方重构下影响地方认同的因素、机制与过程。研究发现：① 城市扩张过程中,居民户籍身份上的改变最为突出,农民对于其市民身份及新的行政地方的认同度不高,最终产生了一定程度的身份与区域的隔离;② 认同是多维度影响、深层次和动态变化的过程,地方认同需要从身份和地方双重维度进行分析,居民多元的自我身份感知与对地方的认知及其切实的个体需求共同影响其最终的身份归属和地方认同。因此,城市行政区划调整过程中需了解、重视区划调整变化后城郊居民的生产生活,同时注重社会基础福利的提升,以促进居民对于新的地方和身份的认同,进而促进城乡融合。  相似文献   

The effect of density-driven flow on the transport of high-concentration solutes in the hyporheic zone     

Guangqiu Jin  Yongfei Hao  Jie Wei  Yihang Yang  Xiaoxiao Shen  Hongwu Tang  Ling Li 《水文研究》2021,35(1):e13949

In this study, both laboratory experiments and numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the effect of density-driven flow on the transport of high-concentration pollutants in the hyporheic zone. The results show that the density gradient can change the flow of pore water and the strong density-driven flow can lead to an unstable flow, which increases the effect of preferential flow and thus causes the appearance of solute fingers in the hyporheic zone. Notably, these solute fingers become more obvious with the increase of depth. The appearance of solute fingers depends on the relative strength of the pumping exchange and density gradient, which are represented by the dimensionless number M* and N* respectively. Finger flows appear near the interface when M^* is less than 0.5 N^*. This study may contribute to better understanding the transport and destination of solutes and thus may provide some insights into the assessment on pollution incidents.  相似文献   

Low‐temperature thermochronology of francolite: Insights into timing of Dead Sea Transform motion     

Barry Kohn  Tuvia Weissbrod  Ling Chung  Ken Farley  Simon Bodorkos 《地学学报》2019,31(3):205-219

Cambrian siliciclastic sequences along the Dead Sea Transform (DST) margin in southern Israel and southern Jordan host both detrital fluorapatite [D‐apatite] and U‐rich authigenic carbonate‐fluorapatite (francolite) [A‐apatite]. D‐apatite and underlying Neoproterozoic basement apatite yield fission‐track (FT) data reflecting Palaeozoic–Mesozoic sedimentary cycles and epeirogenic events, and dispersed (U–Th–Sm)/He (AHe) ages. A‐apatite, which may partially or completely replace D‐apatite, yields an early Miocene FT age suggesting formation by fracturing, hydrothermal fluid ascent and intra‐strata recrystallisation, linked to early DST motion. The DST, separating the African and Arabian plates, records ~105 km of sinistral strike‐slip displacement, but became more transtensional post‐5 Ma. Helium diffusion measurements on A‐apatite are consistent with thermally activated volume diffusion, indicating Tc ~52 to 56 ± 10°C (cooling rate 10°C/Ma). A‐apatite AHe data record Pliocene cooling (~35 to 40°C) during the transtensional phase of movement. This suggests that timing of important milestones in DST motion can be discerned using A‐apatite low‐temperature thermochronology data alone.  相似文献   

Impact of Kuroshio on the dissolved oxygen in the East China Sea region   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ZUO Jiulong  SONG Jinming  YUAN Huamao  LI Xuegang  LI Ning  DUAN Liqin 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2019,(2)

A marine survey was conducted from 18 May to 13 June 2014 in the East China Sea(ECS)and its adjacent Kuroshio Current to examine the spatial distribution and biogeochemical characteristics of dissolved oxygen(DO) in spring. Waters were sampled at 10-25 m intervals within 100 m depth, and at 25-500 m beyond 100 m. The depth, temperature, salinity, and density(sigma-t) were measured in situ with a conductivity-temperature-depth(CTD) sensor. DO concentrations were determined on board using traditional Winkler titration method. The results show that in the Kuroshio Current, DO content was the highest in the euphotic layer, then decreased sharply with depth to about 1 000 m, and increased with depth gradually thereafter. While in the ECS continental shelf area, DO content had high values in the coastal surface water and low values in the near-bottom water. In addition, a low-DO zone of f the Changjiang(Yangtze) River estuary was found in spring 2014, and it was formed under the combined influence of many factors, including water stratification, high primary productivity in the euphotic layers, high accumulation/sedimentation of organic matter below the euphotic layers, and mixing/transport of oceanic current waters on the shelf. Most notable among these is the Kuroshio intruded water, an oceanic current water which carried rich dissolved oxygen onto the continental shelf and alleviated the oxygen deficit phenomenon in the ECS, could impact the position, range, and intensity, thus the formation/destruction of the ECS Hypoxia Zone.  相似文献   

亚毫米波天线有限元模型参数修正复合优化方法     

张明珠  王海仁  左营喜 《天文学报》2019,60(4):39-56

天线有限元模型与实际天线往往存在结构参数误差和材料参数误差等,使有限元模型不能真实反映实际天线结构在各种载荷下的变形特性.针对亚毫米波天线,提出了亚毫米波天线有限元模型参数修正复合优化方法.该方法包括3步,第1步建立天线参数化有限元模型,并进行参数灵敏度分析;第2步,以第1步中得到的高灵敏度参数为优化变量建立优化函数,以初始模型与假想实际天线变形特性的差值最小为目标进行优化;第3步,基于零阶优化法和一阶优化法对天线有限元模型进行复合优化,使天线有限元模型逐渐逼近实际天线.为验证所提出参数修正优化方法的可行性,针对一台1.2 m亚毫米波天线,将对其进行假想实验获得的变形特性作为优化目标,分别对多个材料参数在不同的载荷工况下进行优化,结果表明天线有限元模型经过参数优化后与假想实际天线一致,证明了所提出的亚毫米波天线有限元模型参数优化修正方法可行,并在重力载荷下对修正优化后的天线模型的变形规律进行分析.这种优化方法可以推广应用到大口径亚毫米波天线的有限元模型修正中.  相似文献   

Exchange fluxes of VOSCs between rice paddy fields and the atmosphere in the oasis <Emphasis Type="Bold">of arid area</Emphasis> in Xinjiang,China     

Wei?Wen?JingEmail author  Ning?Li  Xiao?Fang?Li  De?Qiang?Li  Li?Ling?Wang 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2018,75(1):17-32

Investigations about VOSCs (volatile organic sulfur compounds) have been received increasing attention for their significant contribution to the nonvolcanic background sulfate layer in the stratosphere and the earth’s radiation balance and as a potential tool to understand the carbon budget. In this study, COS and CS₂ were always recorded throughout the entire rice cultivation season of 2014. COS fluxes appeared as emission in non-planted soil and as uptake in planted soil, the corresponding results were obtained as 2.66 and ?2.35 pmol·m^?2·s^?1, respectively. For CS₂, both planted and non-planted paddy fields acted as sources with an emission rate of 1.02 pmol·m^?2·s^?1 and 2.40 pmol·m^?2·s^?1, respectively. COS emission or uptake rates showed a distinct seasonal variation, with the highest fluxes at the jointing-booting stage. COS and CS₂ fluxes increased with increasing N fertilizer use because of improved plant and microbial growth and activity. Plots treated with both N and S reduced COS and CS₂ fluxes slightly compared with plots with only-N treatment. Light, soil moisture or temperature showed no significant correlation with COS and CS₂ fluxes, but revealed the important impacts on the magnitude and direction of gases fluxes. The results also showed that the (available) sulfur contents in soil and roots had a certain effect on VOSCs emission or uptake. Our results highlight the significance of biotic and abiotic production and consumption processes existing in the soil.  相似文献   

华北一次暖区暴雨雷暴触发及传播机制研究   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

孙密娜  王秀明  胡玲  陈宏  韩婷婷 《气象》2018,44(10):1255-1266

2016年7月24日午后河北中东部至天津南部出现了一次短历时暴雨过程,暴雨中心位于天津南部,模式客观预报和预报员主观预报均存在偏差。利用常规地面高空观测资料、卫星云图、多普勒雷达探测资料和同化了雷达和地面加密资料的VDRAS资料等,对导致此次强降水过程形成原因进行分析,特别是对本次暴雨最为关键的问题——雷暴触发和传播机制进行了深入细致的分析,结果表明:(1)本次暴雨过程发生在副热带高压加强北上过程中,从传统流型识别的角度看不利于副热带高压西北侧的高空槽东移影响华北东南部,这是一次发生在副热带高压588 dagpm线控制下的暖区暴雨,是非典型流型下的短历时暴雨,预报难度大;(2)邢台探空较北京探空距离暴雨区更远,但对于副热带高压西北侧西南气流影响下的暖区暴雨,位于暴雨区西南的邢台探空更具参考价值,邢台站24日11时的订正探空显示:大气层结极不稳定、低层水汽异常充沛且湿层深厚,CAPE值达3874 J·kg~(-1),对流抑制仅为22 J·kg~(-1),8 g·kg~(-1)比湿达600 hPa,地面露点出现接近30℃的极端高值;(3)850 hPa暖式切变线附近,两条地面辐合线合并和中尺度锋生是触发中尺度对流系统的重要因素,卫星云图上亦可见两条云带合并,其合并使得边界层辐合加强,因而积云在辐合区发展,暖切变线附近上午有小积云发展,随着辐合加强形成东西向排列中尺度对流系统;(4)雷暴触发后,其移动和传播是预报的难点,因其决定了对流降水持续时间,本例中受辐合线和风暴阵风出流共同作用,切变线西段有新的雷暴触发,加之切变线南侧南北向的云街与切变线相遇,使得雷暴在向西传播的同时向南发展,即传播方向为西偏南,在环境西南气流的作用下,对流单体向东偏北方向移动,即平流方向东偏北,平流与传播方向相反,因而形成"列车效应",另外,南北向云街表明切变线南侧逆温层之下有偏南暖湿气流补充,加之对流风暴阵风的出流再次触发雷暴使得对流风暴持续。  相似文献   

基于数据挖掘CART算法的区域夏季降水日数分类与预测模型研究     

史逸民  史达伟  郝玲  张银意  王鹏 《南京气象学院学报》2018,10(6):760-765

夏季降水日数的准确预测,对于保障农业、运输业、电力等行业的有序进行具有重要现实意义.利用连云港市气象局提供的1951—2012年夏季降水数据对连云港地区的降水日数特征进行分析,难以直观地发现夏季降水日数随时间分布的规律.为进一步探索降水日数的发生规律,结合国家气候中心网站提供的多种气候因子数据,基于CART决策树算法构建了连云港地区夏季降水日数是否偏多与是否偏少的分类与预测模型.该模型可以发现在多种气候因子不同条件下,夏季降水日数是否偏多（偏少）的规律,模型的分类与预测都具有良好的效果.利用52 a的数据样本训练模型,模型的训练准确率为90.38%（86.54%）,再用剩余10 a数据样本检验模型,测试准确率为80%（80%）,并且得到规则集,方便气象业务人员使用以及决策服务人员参考.同时,为降水日数的预测提供了数据挖掘的新思路.  相似文献   

丝绸之路核心区达到1.5度和2度温升的时间和相应的气候变化（英文）          下载免费PDF全文

ZHOU Tian-Jun  SUN Ning  ZHANG Wen-Xia  CHEN Xiao-Long  PENG Dong-Dong  LI Dong-Huan  REN Li-Wen  ZUO Meng 《大气和海洋科学快报》2018,(2)

研究目的:本文采用CMIP5多模式的集合平均,针对多种排放情景,估算了丝绸之路核心区达到1.5度和2度温升的时间,比较了全球平均温度达到1.5度和2度温升阈值时丝绸之路核心区的平均气候和极端气候指标的变化。创新要点:中国西部和中亚位于古丝绸之路核心区,是连接东西方的桥梁。1.5度和2度温控目标的设定,是国际社会应对全球变暖的重要举措。理解在上述增暖阈值下丝绸之路核心区平均气候和极端气候的可能变化,将为一带一路战略的实施提供重要科学参考。研究方法:CMIP5多模式集合平均重要结论:相较于当前气候态(1986–2005年),在四种排放情景下,即RCP2.6、RCP4.5、RCP6.0和RCP8.5,CMIP5多模式集合预估的丝绸之路核心区到21世纪末将分别增温1.5、2.9、2.6和6.0°C。在四种排放情景下,年平均降水较之当前气候态均显著增加,其中在RCP8.5情景下增加约14%。四种排放情景下的预估结果,均显示丝绸之路核心区将在2020年前温升达到1.5°C。在RCP8.5情景下,该地区将在2020年代温升达到2.0°C,而在RCP4.5情景下,温升达到2.0°C的时间则推迟到2030年代。比较全球温升1.5和2.0°C的气候变化,发现全球额外升温0.5°C(较之1.5°C温升阈值)将导致丝绸之路核心区升温0.73°C(0.49–0.94°C),高于全球平均温度的变化,极端热浪的天数将增加4.2天,年平均降水增加2.72%(0.47%–3.82%),而连续干旱日数的变化则具有区域依赖性。  相似文献