Velocity anisotropy characteristics and pre-stack time migration imaging of the marine sedimentary strata in the South Yellow Sea Basin     

Di Luo  Zhiqiang Wu  Tianjiu Zeng  Xunhua Zhang  Weina Zhao  Huaishan Liu  Guolin Xiao 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2018,62(3):466-484

The South Yellow Sea is a superimposed basin overlying Mesozoic-Cenozoic continental sediments, which in turn overlie Paleozoic-Mesozoic marine deposits that are now the target of hydrocarbon exploration. Strongly modified by multiple tectonic events, the marine sediments feature a large tectonic relief, with obvious horizontal anisotropy in seismic velocity, which significantly affects the seismic image quality. In this study, the sedimentary velocity anisotropy and its influence on image quality were analyzed using an analytical theory method, assuming transversely isotropic medium with vertical axis of symmetry (VTI), and using seismic and well-log data. Additionally, an anisotropic prestack time migration was used for the imaging of the field data. The results showed that the anisotropic pre-stack time migration processing could be used to significantly improve the accuracy of the seismic images in areas with distinct faults, offering clear images of accurately located fault planes and fault edges, thereby improving the lateral resolution of the seismic data and its signal-to-noise ratio.  相似文献   

Seismology software: state of the practice     

W. Spencer Smith  Zheng Zeng  Jacques Carette 《Journal of Seismology》2018,22(3):755-788

We analyzed the state of practice for software development in the seismology domain by comparing 30 software packages on four aspects: product, implementation, design, and process. We found room for improvement in most seismology software packages. The principal areas of concern include a lack of adequate requirements and design specification documents, a lack of test data to assess reliability, a lack of examples to get new users started, and a lack of technological tools to assist with managing the development process. To assist going forward, we provide recommendations for a document-driven development process that includes a problem statement, development plan, requirement specification, verification and validation (V&V) plan, design specification, code, V&V report, and a user manual. We also provide advice on tool use, including issue tracking, version control, code documentation, and testing tools.  相似文献   

Bayesian Monitoring Design for Streambed Heat Tracing: Numerical Simulation and Sandbox Experiments     

Lei Ju  Jiangjiang Zhang  Laosheng Wu  Lingzao Zeng 《Ground water》2019,57(4):534-546

Heat tracing methods have been widely employed for subsurface characterization. Nevertheless, there were very few studies regarding the optimal monitoring design for heat tracing in heterogeneous streambeds. In this study, we addressed this issue by proposing an efficient optimal design framework to collect the most informative diurnal temperature signal for Bayesian estimation of streambed hydraulic conductivities. The data worth (DW) was measured by the expected relative entropy between the prior and posterior distributions of the conductivity field. An adaptively refined Gaussian process surrogate was employed to alleviate the computational burden, resulting in at least three orders of magnitude of speed-up. The applicability of the optimal experimental design framework was evaluated by both numerical and sandbox experimental cases. Results showed that the most informative locations centered in the transition zones among the main patterns of the hydraulic conductivity field, while the most informative times centered in a short period after the minimum/maximum temperature appeared. With the fixed number of measurements, extending the calibration period was more beneficial than increasing the monitoring frequency in improving the estimation results. To our best knowledge, this work is the first study on Bayesian monitoring design for streambed characterization with the heat tracing method. The method and results can provide guidance on selecting monitoring strategies under budget-limited conditions.  相似文献   

伊朗库姆大桥大口径基桩孔钻进工艺     

曾铁军 《煤田地质与勘探》1996,24(4):59-61

介绍了在伊朗库姆大桥工地利用泵吸反循环冲洗一次成孔工艺,施工大口径基桩孔的技术问题,包括埋设护筒、移机定位、对鱼尾导向和燕尾导向刮刀钻头镶焊角度的改进和变换泵轴密封材料等,提高了成孔效率和质量。   相似文献   

Preliminary study on community structures of meiofauna in the middle and eastern Chukchi Sea     

Dingyong Huang  Jianjia Wang  Qianhui Zeng  Jiaguang Xiao  Peng Tian  Sujing Fu  Feng Guo  Wentao Niu 《海洋学报(英文版)》2021,40(6):83-91

Sediment core samples were collected from 17 stations in the middle and eastern Chukchi Sea during the sixth Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition(CHINARE-Arctic) in summer 2014.The samples were analyzed for composition,abundance,biomass,vertical distribution,size spectra,and ecological indexes of meiofauna.A total of 14 meiofauna taxa were detected,and the free-living marine nematodes comprised the most dominant taxon,accounting for 97.21% of the average abundance.The abundance and biomass of meiofauna were within ranges of(218.12±85.83)-(7 239.38±1 557.15) ind./(10 cm~2) and(130.28±52.17)-(3 309.56±1 751.80) μg/(10 cm~2),with average values of(2 391.90±1 966.19) ind./(10 cm~2) and(1 549.73±2 042.85) μg/(10 cm~2)(according to dry weight)respectively.Furthermore,91.26% of the individuals were distributed in the top layer of 0-5 cm of surface sediment,and 90.84% had sizes of 32-250 μm.Group diversity index of meiofauna in the survey area was low,and the variation of abundance was the main difference in meiofauna communities among all stations.Abundance and biomass of meiofauna were not significantly correlated with environmental factors except concentration of nutrient Si in bottom seawater.Abundance of meiofauna in shallow water of marginal seas in the Pacific sector of the Arctic Ocean is likely at a same level and higher than that in most of China sea areas,suggesting that the shallow water of the summer Chukchi Sea is a continental shelf area with rich resources of meiofauna.The Chukchi Sea is important for studying the ecosystem of the Arctic Ocean and environmental responses.However,studies on meiofauna in the Chukchi Sea are still not enough,and in the future,natural and human disturbances may increase due to global warming,the Arctic channel opening,and other factors.Thus,more studies on meiofauna should be required,in order to know more about how the Arctic benthic community would alter.  相似文献   

蓝藻膦酸酯代谢及其生态意义研究进展     

彭思慧  黄淑敏  曾莹  林立洲  郑凌凌  章颖  宋立荣  束文圣  李春连  赵亮 《湖泊科学》2023,35(1):43-56

膦酸酯是新近发现的一类生物可利用磷,其广泛存在于水生生态系统,是水体有机磷库的重要组成,构成水体磷氧化还原循环的关键环节。随着研究的深入,越来越多的蓝藻藻株被证实参与膦酸酯的生物利用与合成,有助于阐明其适应低磷环境的机制,促进了对蓝藻磷策略与水体磷循环的全面理解,具有重要的生态学意义。与此同时,蓝藻对膦酸酯的利用性状,使得膦酸酯作为环境污染物与蓝藻磷源的双重作用开始显现,这会对水体浮游生物竞争格局的研究产生深远影响;而蓝藻的甲基膦酸代谢也被认为是水体好氧甲烷发生的来源之一。本文回顾了蓝藻膦酸酯利用与合成的研究历史,对目前蓝藻膦酸酯代谢过程生态风险与生态意义的研究进展进行了梳理,并对这一领域未来发展趋势进行了评述。  相似文献   

Precipitation seesaw phenomenon and its formation mechanism in the eastern and western parts of Northwest China during the flood season     

Zhang  Qiang  Lin  Jingjing  Liu  Weicheng  Han  Lanying 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2019,62(12):2083-2098

Extending across three major plateaus,namely the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,the Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang Plateau and the Loess Plateau,Northwest China has the complex terrain and spatio-temporal climate variations,and is affected by the interactions among different circulation systems,such as the summer monsoon,the westerlies and the plateau monsoon.The understanding of the climate variability,as well as its characteristics and evolution mechanisms in this area has been limited so far.In this paper,the precipitation characteristics and mechanisms in the eastern and western parts of Northwest China during the flood season are compared and analyzed based on the data from 192 national meteorological observational sites in Northwest China in 1961-2016.The results show that,divided by the northern boundary of the East Asian summer monsoon,there are huge differences in the precipitation variation characteristics between the eastern and western parts.The inter-annual variations,interdecadal variations and total trends in the two parts all show a significant seesaw phenomenon.Moreover,it is found that the seesaw phenomenon of precipitation variation is closely related to the opposite variation between the East Asian summer monsoon index(MI) and the westerly circulation index(WI).In addition,the inverse variations on different time scales are only related to the contributions of precipitation at specific grades.Besides,in the two matching patterns of precipitation in the seesaw phenomenon,the middle and high latitudes are occupied by the "high-low-high" wave trains in the precipitation increases in the east of Northwest China(ENWC) and decreases in the west of Northwest China(WNWC) pattern,meaning precipitation increases in ENWC and decreases in WNWC.Whereas the opposite "low-high-low" wave trains at 500 hPa height are observed in the middle and high latitudes in the WH-EA pattern at 500 hPa height,meaning precipitation increases in WNWC and decreases in ENWC.Thus,the atmosphere circulation situation with two wave train types can support both the precipitation seesaw phenomenon and the opposite variation between MI and WI.Moreover,the seesaw phenomenon is shown to be related to the separate or joint effects of the South Asian High,ENSO and the plateau heating on the common but opposite effect on the summer monsoon and the westerlies,in which the South Asian High probably plays a more critical role.This study could deepen the scientific understanding of precipitation mechanisms and improve the weather forecast technology in Northwest China during the flood season.  相似文献   

Evaluation of WaPOR V2 evapotranspiration products across Africa     

Megan L. Blatchford  Chris M. Mannaerts  Sammy M. Njuki  Hamideh Nouri  Yijian Zeng  Henk Pelgrum  Steven Wonink  Poolad Karimi 《水文研究》2020,34(15):3200-3221

The Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) portal to monitor water productivity through open-access of remotely sensed derived data (WaPOR) offers continuous actual evapotranspiration and interception (ETIa-WPR) data at a 10-day basis across Africa and the Middle East from 2009 onwards at three spatial resolutions. The continental level (250 m) covers Africa and the Middle East (L1). The national level (100 m) covers 21 countries and 4 river basins (L2). The third level (30 m) covers eight irrigation areas (L3). To quantify the uncertainty of WaPOR version 2 (V2.0) ETIa-WPR in Africa, we used a number of validation methods. We checked the physical consistency against water availability and the long-term water balance and then verify the continental spatial and temporal trends for the major climates in Africa. We directly validated ETIa-WPR against in situ data of 14 eddy covariance stations (EC). Finally, we checked the level consistency between the different spatial resolutions. Our findings indicate that ETIa-WPR is performing well, but with some noticeable overestimation. The ETIa-WPR is showing expected spatial and temporal consistency with respect to climate classes. ETIa-WPR shows mixed results at point scale as compared to EC flux towers with an overall correlation of 0.71, and a root mean square error of 1.2 mm/day. The level consistency is very high between L1 and L2. However, the consistency between L1 and L3 varies significantly between irrigation areas. In rainfed areas, the ETIa-WPR is overestimating at low ETIa-WPR and underestimating when ETIa is high. In irrigated areas, ETIa-WPR values appear to be consistently overestimating ETa. The relative soil moisture content (SMC), the input of quality layers and local advection effects were some of the identified causes. The quality assessment of ETIa-WPR product is enhanced by combining multiple evaluation methods. Based on the results, the ETIa-WPR dataset is of enough quality to contribute to the understanding and monitoring of local and continental water processes and water management.  相似文献   

Parameter regionalization of the FLEX-Global hydrological model     

Jingjing WANG  Hongkai GAO  Min LIU  Yongjian DING  Yan WANG  Fang ZHAO  Jun XIA 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2021,(4):571-588

Global hydrological models(GHMs) are important tools for addressing worldwide change-related water resource problems from a global perspective. However, the development of these models has long been hindered by their low accuracy. In order to improve the streamflow simulation accuracy of GHMs, we developed a GHM—the FLEX-Global—based on the regionalization of hydrological model parameters. The FLEX-Global model is primarily based on the framework of the FLEX hydrological model coupled with the HAND-based Storage Capacity curve(HSC) runoff generation module to calculate net rainfall, and uses the global river-routing Ca Ma-Flood model to calculate river network routing. This new model allows for streamflow simulation at a spatial resolution of 0.5°×0.5° and a temporal resolution of 1 day in global catchments. To validate FLEX-Global accuracy, the FLEX-Global-simulated streamflow of 26 major rivers distributed in five different climate zones was compared with the observed data from the Global Runoff Data Center(GRDC). Next, the model performance of FLEXGlobal was further verified by comparing it with that of seven existing GHMs with varying accuracy in the five climate zones.Multi-metric evaluation indicated that the streamflow simulation accuracy was improved by the FLEX-Global model with regionalized parameters, especially in the tropical and dry climate zones. This newly-developed GHM with regionalized parameters can provide scientific support for the assessment of climate change impact, optimization of global water resource mangement, simulation of Earth's multi-sphere coupling, and implementation of the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project(ISIMIP).  相似文献   

1990—2021年东太湖网围养殖规模变化下的水质变化特征及成因分析     

李一凡  谷孝鸿  曾庆飞  贾冰婵  訾鑫源  陈辉辉  毛志刚  葛优 《湖泊科学》2023,35(1):155-167

2019年,东太湖30 km2养殖网围实现清零,结束了长达34年的太湖网围养殖历史。系统整理东太湖30年来(1990 2021年)水体氮、磷等营养盐浓度监测资料,对比分析14个监测点位水质在不同网围利用和整治时期的时空差异性及影响因素,判识网围拆除后水体营养盐变化趋势及存在问题对东太湖生态修复与保护具有重要意义。结果表明,东太湖30年来水体营养盐浓度年际变化随养殖结构(主养鱼到主养蟹)和养殖规模(过度利用到网围整治和拆除)的变化而变化,网围养蟹因其有效的水生植物管控和生态混养相对于主养鱼类水质较优,但水质均随着养殖强度的增大而变差,网围规模缩减对改善水质有正面效应。总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、高锰酸盐指数(COD_Mn)和叶绿素a(Chl.a)浓度分别由1990年的0.53 mg/L、0.014 mg/L、3.58 mg/L和2.90μg/L上升到2021年的1.87 mg/L、0.128 mg/L、5.72 mg/L和28.09μg/L,TN是主要的污染因子。原网围区和湖心区因较高的水生植被覆盖度,TN、TP、磷酸盐、悬浮颗粒物(SS)30年来变化不大,原网围区透...  相似文献