Hydrochemical evolution of groundwater in a riparian zone affected by acid mine drainage (AMD), South China: the role of river–groundwater interactions and groundwater residence time     

Jing Wen  Changyuan Tang  Yingjie Cao  Xing Li  Qian Chen 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(24):794

Investigations were undertaken in the riparian zone near Shangba village, an AMD area, in southern China to determine the effects that river–groundwater interactions and groundwater residence time have had on environmental quality and geochemical evolution of groundwater. Based on the Darcy’s law and ionic mass balances as well as the method of isotopic tracer, the results showed that there were active interactions between AMD-contaminated river water and groundwater in the riparian zone in the study area. River water was found to be the main source of groundwater recharge in the northwestern part of the study area, whereas groundwater was found to be discharging into the river in the southeastern part of the study area throughout the year. End-member mixing analysis quantified that the contributions of river water to groundwater decreased gradually from 35.9% to negligible levels along the flow path. The calculated mixing concentrations of major ions indicated that water–rock reactions were the most important influence on groundwater quality. The wide range of Ca²⁺?+?Mg²⁺ and HCO₃^? ratios and the change of groundwater type from Ca²⁺–SO₄^2? type to a chemical composition dominated by Ca²⁺–HCO₃^? type indicated a change of the major water–rock reaction process from the influence of H₂SO₄ (AMD) to that of CO₂ (soil respiration) along a groundwater flow path. Furthermore, the kinetics interpretation of SO₄^2? and HCO₃^? concentrations suggested that the overlapping time of their kinetics triggered the hydrochemical evolution and the change of major weathering agent. This process might take approximately 8 years and this kinetic time will be continued when a steady source of contamination enter the aquifer.  相似文献   

Three-dimensional analyses of the sliding surface distribution in the Huangtupo No. 1 riverside sliding mass in the Three Gorges Reservoir area of China     

Jinge Wang  Aijun Su  Qingbing Liu  Wei Xiang  Hsin-Fu Yeh  Chengren Xiong  Zongxing Zou  Cheng Zhong  Junqi Liu  Shen Cao 《Landslides》2018,15(7):1425-1435

The Huangtupo landslide is one of the largest and most destructive landslides still deforming in the Three Gorges area of China. In recent years, most studies on this landslide have been based on the data obtained from an investigation conducted in 2001. To further elucidate the geological structure and evolution of the landslide, we began building a field test site in the area of the sliding mass with the fastest deformation velocity in 2009. A group of tunnels with a total length of 1.1 km has been excavated, and nine boreholes with depths between 76.8 and 127.1 m have been drilled into the sliding body. Additionally, relative monitoring devices, such as borehole inclinometers and crack meters, have been installed. Based on the findings of the previous investigation and the latest tunneling, drilling, and monitoring data, a spatial distribution model of the sliding surfaces of the Huangtupo No. 1 riverside sliding mass has been established using the discrete smooth interpolation (DSI) method. Significant differences are revealed between the previous proposed sliding surface and the latest monitoring data. We propose that the Huangtupo No. 1 sliding mass has two sliding surfaces. Thus, the sliding mass can be further divided into two secondary sliding bodies, which are named the No. 1-1 (east) and No. 1-2 (west) sliding masses. The No. 1-1 sliding mass slid first, and the material along the western boundary slid later, producing the No. 1-2 sliding body, which has a smaller volume and shallower depth. The areas, volumes, and thicknesses of each sliding body have been calculated using a digital 3D model.  相似文献   

Displacement prediction of step-like landslide by applying a novel kernel extreme learning machine method     

Chao Zhou  Kunlong Yin  Ying Cao  Emanuele Intrieri  Bayes Ahmed  Filippo Catani 《Landslides》2018,15(11):2211-2225

Landslide displacement prediction is an essential component for developing landslide early warning systems. In the Three Gorges Reservoir area (TGRA), landslides experience step-like deformations (i.e., periods of stability interrupted by abrupt accelerations) generally from April to September due to the influence of precipitation and reservoir scheduled level variations. With respect to many traditional machine learning techniques, two issues exist relative to displacement prediction, namely the random fluctuation of prediction results and inaccurate prediction when step-like deformations take place. In this study, a novel and original prediction method was proposed by combining the wavelet transform (WT) and particle swarm optimization-kernel extreme learning machine (PSO-KELM) methods, and by considering the landslide causal factors. A typical landslide with a step-like behavior, the Baishuihe landslide in TGRA, was taken as a case study. The cumulated total displacement was decomposed into trend displacement, periodic displacement (controlled by internal geological conditions and external triggering factors respectively), and noise. The displacement items were predicted separately by multi-factor PSO-KELM considering various causal factors, and the total displacement was obtained by summing them up. An accurate prediction was achieved by the proposed method, including the step-like deformation period. The performance of the proposed method was compared with that of the multi-factor extreme learning machine (ELM), support vector regression (SVR), backward propagation neural network (BPNN), and single-factor PSO-KELM. Results show that the PSO-KELM outperforms the other models, and the prediction accuracy can be improved by considering causal factors.  相似文献   

Improving impervious surface estimation: an integrated method of classification and regression trees (CART) and linear spectral mixture analysis (LSMA) based on error analysis     

Jin Wang  Changshan Wu  Zheng Cao  Wei Fan  Paolo Tarolli 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2018,55(4):583-603

Classification and regression tree (CART) has been widely implemented to estimate impervious surface, an important indicator of urbanization and environmental quality. Although the CART algorithm gains higher overall accuracy than linear regression models, only very few studies have noticed that reliability of CART is affected by systematic errors. Especially, CART typically overestimates impervious surfaces in low-density urban areas and underestimates them in high-density urban areas. The primary objective of this study is to develop an improved integrated method to estimate impervious surface with higher accuracy by reducing the systematic errors of CART. This improved method was applied to three urban areas, Chicago (United States), Venice (Italy), and Guangzhou (China) to examine its effectiveness. When compared with the conventional CART, overall mean average error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) of improved method are decreased by 22.64% and 20.93%, respectively, and R² rises from 0.9 to 0.96. In high-density impervious surfaces, where intensely developed urban area is located, the MAE and RMSE for the improved method are 0.066 and 0.088, respectively, largely improved from 0.100 to 0.130. Since accurate estimation of high-density impervious surfaces is the fundamental issue for monitoring and understanding the urban environment, the improved method demonstrated in this study is significant.  相似文献   

雪峰山铲子坪金矿床流体包裹体特征及地质意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

曹亮 《地质与勘探》2015,51(2):212-224

湘西雪峰山地区分布着众多的金、钨、锑矿床(点)是湘西-鄂西多金属成矿带的重要组成部分,铲子坪大型金矿床是其中颇具代表性矿床之一。文章对铲子坪金矿床主成矿阶段石英中的流体包裹体进行了系统的研究。结果表明,该矿床内流体包裹体主要为气液两相,存在少量纯气相和纯液相包裹体。成矿流体均一温度主要集中在160~220℃和280~360℃两个区间,盐度集中8%~11%NaCleqv,密度集中在0.62~1.00 g/cm3,成矿流体主要为一种中高温、低盐度的Na Cl-H2O体系,成矿环境为低压(39.4~98.9 MPa)中成(3.9~8.2 km)环境。流体包裹体气相成分以H2O为主,次为CO2;液相组分中,阳离子以Na+和Ca2+为主,阴离子以SO2-4和Cl-为主,属Cl--SO2-4-Ca2+-Na+型水化学类型。流体包裹体H和O同位素研究表明,岩浆水和变质水是成矿流体的主要来源,在成硫后期有大气降水的掺入,成矿流体具混合流体特征。成矿作用阶段,矿区内构造破碎带为含矿热液集中和金的沉淀提供了良好的容矿构造场所,印支期的岩浆热液活动占主导作用。铲子坪金矿的成因类型为中高温岩浆热液型。  相似文献   

渤海湾盆地大歧口凹陷新生代构造演化与盆地原型   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

索艳慧  李三忠  许立青  戴黎明  刘鑫  郭玲莉  曹花花  Roya Nadiri 《地质科学》2015,50(2):473-488

大歧口凹陷位于渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷中北部,是中新生代叠合盆地中新生界沉积最厚的凹陷。本文基于大量二维、三维地震剖面和钻井资料,从凹陷主控断裂活动性、沉积沉降中心分布和构造格架等方面,侧重对大歧口凹陷新生代构造演化过程和原型盆地类型进行研究。认为:1)大歧口凹陷构造单元有4级,凹陷具有"东西分带、南北分块"的平面构造格局和北断南超箕状断陷的剖面结构。2)凹陷内断裂有4级,主要断裂的规模、活动期次和断裂活动具有演化的阶段性和空间的迁移性,典型构造带活动性具有由北往南迁移的特点。3)新生代期间整个大歧口凹陷的沉积沉降中心均在东部海域的歧口主凹内,但整体具有往南迁移的趋势。4)凹陷经历了拓展裂谷、拉分断陷、箕状断陷和碟状坳陷4个构造演化阶段,断陷阶段在整个构造演化时期意义重大,且具有走滑拉分特点。故认为大歧口凹陷原型盆地是一种"板内拉分盆地"。  相似文献   

日本M_W9.0地震前的舒曼谐振异常分析     

周洪娟  于海雁  曹丙霞  乔晓林 《地震学报》2013,35(3):400-409

2011年3月11日日本本州岛东海岸附近海域发生了M_W9.0地震. 基于中国云南的舒曼谐振(SR)观测站的磁场观测数据, 分析了与该次地震有关的SR疑似异常现象. 分析表明, 震前3—4天低阶谐振开始出现比较明显的幅度增强现象, 以2011年3月8日(北京时间)这一天的现象最明显, 南北向在7:00—10:00和12:00—15:00异常比较明显, 而东西向只在12:00—15:00异常相对比较强. 根据对2011年3月1—11日及对应每天前后各15天共41天的数据的联合分析, 3月8日部分时间段的低阶谐振磁场差明显高于一倍甚至两倍标准差; 相比而言, 正常的一天内各阶磁场差要明显低于一倍标准差. 最后, 根据一些日本地震学者提出的SR异常机理, 进一步分析了在云南观测站能观测到日本地震异常的可能性. 结果表明, 在永胜观测站可以观测到日本地震引起的一阶到三阶SR异常, 与发现的异常主要集中在低阶的现象比较吻合.   相似文献   

福建九龙江河口第四纪沉积物特征及沉积环境演变          下载免费PDF全文

陈慧娴  骆美美  王建华  苏志华  金刚雄  瓦西拉里  杨小强  曹玲珑 《古地理学报》2014,16(2):263-273

根据福建九龙江河口ZK1孔及ZK7孔沉积物AMS(Accelerator Mass Spectrometry,加速器质谱测年技术) ¹⁴C测年、古地磁和剖面特征分析,进行该地区的第四纪地层划分,依据粒度特征,结合磁化率、微体古生物和Sr/Ba等环境代用指标进行沉积相分析,重建了该区晚第四纪的古环境演变历史。结果表明:(1)九龙江河口第四纪沉积时代为晚更新世中期至全新世晚期。(2)上更新统沉积可划分为下部龙海组洪冲积相和上部东山组河漫滩相沉积,中间有10 ka的沉积间断,末次冰期又再遭受风化剥蚀作用,推测有5～6 ka的风化剥蚀期。(3)全新统最早沉积年代约为14 ka BP,依次出现河口湾相、河口砂坝—分汊河道相、潮滩相沉积。(4)根据年代学数据和沉积相变化,重塑了该区晚第四纪沉积环境变化过程,为该区的第四纪研究和工程地质工作提供了参考依据。  相似文献   

贵州黔西煤田白岩脚矿区煤中硫的分布规律     

曹学江 《中国煤炭地质》2014,(7):25-27

通过对黔西煤田白岩脚矿区龙潭组主要煤层进行化验分析,认为矿区煤中硫含量从低到高均有分布,垂向上自下而上逐渐降低,平面上9、14及15煤总体呈现东北部高西南部低的趋势,4煤层则表现为西南部相对较高;硫的赋存形态以硫化物硫为主,沉积环境控制了煤中硫的含量及各种形态硫的分布;9、14煤层以硫化物硫为主,脱硫效果良好,15煤层以有机硫为主,脱硫效果一般。建议在矿山开发过程中对低硫煤和高硫煤进行配采。  相似文献   

辛勤耕耘夯基础,高瞻远瞩指方向——新中国煤田构造研究领域的奠基人高文泰先生的学术贡献     

曹代勇  ;李青元  ;谭永杰  ;胡社荣 《中国煤炭地质》2014,(8):1-4

高文泰先生的研究领域涉及煤田地质学和构造地质学的一系列重大问题,他承担了第一次全国煤田预测的学术指导工作,为新中国煤炭资源勘查和煤炭地质教育事业的发展以及中国煤田地质学理论体系的建立奠定了坚实的基础。高先生积极倡导将板块构造理论应用于煤田地质研究领域,强调板块构造格局对中国煤田分布的控制作用,这从战略上指出了找煤方向;重视构造地质与煤田地质之间的紧密联系,对中国煤变质特征和有关煤岩问题进行了有益的探讨,强调构造格局和构造作用对煤变质的影响;注重加强隐伏煤田构造研究,提出隐伏煤田构造研究的思路和技术方法体系,并在找煤实践中取得良好效果。高先生重视新技术、新理论、新方法在煤田构造研究学中的应用,积极推动学科发展。  相似文献