Properties and organic activation of ocean clay in the East Pacific     

Huahua Lü 《世界地质(英文版)》2006,9(1)

In order to make use of ocean clay reasonably and excavate its potential applications the properties of ocean clay in Chinese investigating area of the East Pacific have been tested with the chemical analysis, XRFS, ICP/MAS, granulometry and SSA, etc. The results show that the clay sediments of this area are rich in clay minerals, fine granularity, bigger SSA, bigger water absorbability and lower ion changing ability etc. To improve the adaptability of ocean clay and macromolecule materials, using the dry milling method with silane, aluminate, stearic acid coupling agents etc the properties of ocean clay are improved. The effect has been evaluated by testing the water absorbing of the modified ocean clay and their dispersing in paraffin liquid. The result is that KH550 is better than any other active reagents, and the best activation technics is that 1.5% (volume) of KH550 quantity, 20min of milling time. The DTA, XRD, SEM and IR analyses and SSA testing show that the organic activation can not change the mineral structure but can densify the structure of clay, and activation mechanism is chemical covered mainly and chemical combined secondly.  相似文献   

Synthetic information prediction system for crisis mine based on GIS     

Yuxin Ye  Ping Yu  Shi Wang  Shuisheng Ye 《世界地质(英文版)》2006,9(1)

Reserves of some kinds of the crisis mines will be lack now or from now on, because of lacking seriously reserves of mineral resources and the crisis of exploring bases in support. So that it is urgent to predict, appraise, development and utilize the replaceable resources of the crisis mines. The mineral resources prediction software system of synthetic information is intelligent GIS which is used to quantitative prediction of large-scale synthetic information mineral target. It takes the geological body and the mineral resource body as a unit. And it analyzes the ore deposit genesis and metallotect, knows the spatial distribution laws of the ore deposit and ore body, and establish the prospecting model based on the concept of establishing the three-dimensional space of a mine. This paper will primarily discuss some important problems as follows: the secondary development of various kinds of data(including geology, geophysical prospecting, geochemical prospecting and remote sensing, etc); process synthetically and establish the synthetic information interpretative map base; correspond prospecting model with synthetic information of ore deposit; divided into statistical units of metallogenic information synthetic anomalies based on the synthetic information anomalies of ore control, then research the metallogenic information variable of unit synthetically and make quantitative prediction according to choose the quantitative prediction math model which is suitable to the demands of large-scale precision; at last, finish the target area optimization of ore deposit (body).  相似文献   

基于细观试验和离散元法的盐岩力学特性     

胡唯哲  谢凌志  岑望来  殷实  罗云川  赵鹏 《岩土力学》2018,39(6):2073-2081

当前盐岩的宏观力学模型通常是唯象模型,不能很好地解释盐岩受力变形破坏的真正物理基础。盐岩是由于化学沉积而形成的矿物集合体,是一种主要由NaCl和少量杂质组成的多晶体,其变形机制主要由晶粒与晶界的力学特性控制。通过扫描电镜（SEM）,获得盐岩晶粒的微细观结构特征,采用分子动力学方法和纳米压痕技术,确定盐岩晶粒和晶界的微细观力学参数;将盐岩晶粒作为块体,基于Voronoi多边形技术,建立盐岩的微细观数值模型;利用离散元方法,对盐岩试件在单轴压缩和直剪条件下的宏观力学行为进行了数值模拟。数值模拟结果与宏观力学试验结果吻合度高,表明基于盐岩微细观晶粒结构特征并结合离散元数值模拟的方法能够较好地研究盐岩的宏观力学性能及其材料物理基础。  相似文献   

川西北地区中三叠统顶部溶蚀型喀斯特特征及地质意义^*     

吴冰  金鑫  时志强  Nereo Preto  杜怡星 《古地理学报》2018,20(1):133-146

中三叠统顶部溶蚀型喀斯特在什邡金河剖面及四川盆地大部分地区已有报道。在近期的野外工作中,在川西北地区绵竹汉旺观音崖、江油黄莲桥和江油马鞍塘剖面天井山组近顶部、顶部也识别出这一古特提斯面,其形成与强烈的构造活动或全球海平面下降造成的岩层长时间的暴露有关。其表现形式主要为: (1)暴露溶蚀间断沉积面;(2)溶沟、溶缝及其内的碳酸盐、陆源碎屑充填物;(3)暴露期黏土层;(4)喀斯特角砾。其中暴露溶蚀间断沉积面上的沉积构造以鸟眼、层状孔洞构造最为典型,在绵竹汉旺观音崖剖面最为发育,孔、洞充填物主要为亮晶方解石和白云石;溶沟、溶缝及其内的碳酸盐、陆源碎屑充填物在江油马鞍塘、汉旺观音崖、什邡金河等剖面均有发育,这些溶缝、溶沟一般近于竖直发育,宽度及深度不一,被碳酸盐角砾、亮晶方解石、白云石或陆源黏土等所充填;暴露期黏土层主要见于江油黄莲桥剖面,共发育2套,厚5~20 cm,与铁质矿物共生,其上下发育深灰色潟湖沉积;喀斯特角砾主要见于汉旺观音崖剖面,喀斯特角砾最大可达15×20 cm大小,呈棱角状充填于富含泥质和有机质的暗色碳酸盐基质中。天井山组近顶部溶蚀型喀斯特的发现可为区域地层等时对比提供依据,与其有关的古岩溶作用可在天井山组(或雷口坡组)顶部碳酸盐岩中形成以溶蚀孔、洞、缝为主要储集空间的古岩溶型储集层。  相似文献   

内蒙古二连盆地巴彦宝力格煤田下白垩统赛汉塔拉组层序—古地理与聚煤作用^*   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王帅  邵龙义  孙钦平  张云鹤  史鸣剑  孙斌  鲁静 《古地理学报》2018,20(2):325-336

二连盆地巴彦宝力格煤田蕴藏着丰富的煤炭和煤层气资源。利用钻孔和测井资料对赛汉塔拉组层序格架下的古地理演化特征和聚煤作用进行研究,识别出3种层序界面类型: 区域不整合面、河道下切谷冲刷面和对应整合面,将赛汉塔拉组划分为2个三级层序,厚煤层主要发育于层序Ⅰ湖侵体系域早期和晚期。采用单因素分析多因素综合作图法,恢复了层序格架下的古地理格局,古地理单元为冲积扇、扇三角洲平原和滨浅湖。有利聚煤环境为扇三角洲平原与滨浅湖过渡带、滨浅湖,具有合适的基底沉降速率并且受到较小的陆源碎屑影响。从层序Ⅰ到层序Ⅱ,煤层厚度减小,聚煤作用减弱;多层厚煤层的形成受基底沉降震荡性、周期性的影响,受可容空间增加速率与泥炭堆积速率比值不断变化的控制。层序Ⅰ发育时期,研究区中部为下一步煤炭资源和煤层气勘探的有利区。  相似文献   

南苏丹Melut盆地Ruman凹陷白垩系层序地层级次与砂质滩坝的沉积响应^*          下载免费PDF全文

陈彬滔  史忠生  马凤良  何巍巍  薛罗  马轮  贾义蓉 《古地理学报》2018,20(6):1013-1022

湖相滩坝砂体是陆相盆地广泛发育的一类油气储集层,已成为成熟油田岩性油气藏勘探的重要领域。基于层序界面识别与划分、古地貌恢复、物源体系、砂体展布以及成藏条件分析,论证了Melut盆地Ruman凹陷白垩系Gayger-Galhak组的层序地层特征及其对滩坝沉积的控制。结果表明:(1)目的层段发育1个二级层序和SQ1、SQ2、SQ3等3个三级层序,SQ3又可进一步细分为6个准层序组(四级层序)。(2)不同级别的层序分别控制着滩坝沉积的发育位置、平面展布及岩性圈闭的成藏要素,表现为: 二级层序控制滩坝沉积的垂向发育位置,滩坝砂体主要发育于二级基准面下降期;三级层序控制滩坝沉积的发育规模和沉积模式,三级基准面下降半旋回与上升半旋回转换位置发育的潜山隆起周缘型坝砂面积(约10km²)和厚度(10~20m)较大、孔隙度高(20%~25%),而发育于三级基准面上升期的水下潜山台地型坝砂面积(1~4km²)和厚度(2~3m)较小、孔隙度相对较低(15%~20%);四级层序洪泛期沉积的泥岩作为局部盖层,不仅控制着滩坝储盖组合的分布,而且决定了滩坝成因岩性圈闭的有效性。  相似文献   

乌东德水电站大坝防渗帷幕成幕影响地质因素分析及处理措施     

向家菠  王团乐  倪凯军  宛良朋  施炎  胡巍 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2018,48(5):1581-1588

灌浆工程为地下隐蔽工程,其地质条件约束着实际的现场施工工艺,且不同地质条件对应不同的岩石属性,并将直接影响着防渗帷幕的优化设计,同时地质条件分析不足也将给整个灌浆工程带来很多不确定的风险。目前,地质条件预测在隧洞开挖过程中的研究较充分,但在灌浆工程中地质因素的研究较少。本文以乌东德水电站大坝防渗帷幕工程为例,分析了对防渗帷幕成幕有影响的岩溶、角砾岩、断层、岩层走向与帷幕走向大角度相交及长大结构面等地质因素,并针对不同地质因素的特点,提出了采取浓浆回填、灌浆孔加密加深、灌浆压力及浆材动态调整等处理措施,为帷幕灌浆工程优化提供了必要支持。  相似文献   

三峡截流以来长江洪季潮区界变动河段冲刷地貌   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

石盛玉  程和琴  郑树伟  徐文晓  陆雪骏  姜月华  周权平 《海洋学报》2017,39(3):85-95

潮区界河段河势演变对三峡工程的响应是长江经济带建设中的重要问题。然而受观测手段所限,对三峡截流以来潮区界变动范围及其地貌演变的客观认识亟待探讨。对大通站洪季水位资料进行频谱分析,初步判断了近期长江洪季潮区界位置;对比1998年和2013年水下地形资料,分析了三峡大坝截流以来该河段河槽的冲淤演变特征;利用多波束测深系统对冲刷明显河段的微地貌进行了高分辨率观测。结果显示:（1）1998-2013年潮区界变动河段河槽整体冲刷5 649.7万m3。其中,上段全面冲刷,太白、太阳两洲并岸,铜陵沙被冲开,主槽刷深达5.6 m;中段主泓摆动,天然洲南冲北淤,黑沙洲中水道淤死,南水道左岸最大冲深达8.9 m;下段近岸冲刷强烈,北岸最大冲深达15.4 m;（2）该河段近期处于剧烈的冲刷环境,左岸冲刷尤为显著;（3）冲刷深槽分布在顺直河段,深达5.4~12.6 m;冲刷坑分布在分汊河段平面形态突变处,最大冲深达28.1~30.5 m;水下侵蚀陡坡分布在近岸侵蚀严重的顺直河段,坡度为0.59~0.62。  相似文献   

江苏中部淤泥质海岸岸线变化遥感监测研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

陈玮彤  张东  施顺杰  周静  康敏 《海洋学报》2017,39(5):138-148

海岸线监测是了解海岸冲淤变化的基础。针对淤泥质海岸潮间带坡度平缓的特点,考虑到潮汐对遥感海岸线监测的影响,基于多潮位站插值校正的水边线离散点潮位赋值及坡度计算对水边线方法进行了改进,并结合潮间带实测坡度资料校正,推算遥感海岸线。选择江苏中部冲淤变化频繁、自然岸线保有率较高的扁担河口至川东港岸段开展海岸线变迁遥感监测研究。结果表明,研究区坡度主要在0.001~0.002之间,潮间带宽度由北向南越来越宽。北部扁担河口至射阳河口岸段处于冲刷环境中,大量以养殖塘围堤为主的人工岸线不断被侵蚀后退;射阳河口至四卯酉河口岸段以海岸线在自然状态下的动态变化为主,2010-2015年平均冲淤速率小于10 m/a,变化幅度较小;南部四卯酉河口至川东港岸段,自然岸线淤长明显,同时人工围垦导致岸线不断向海推进。根据监测结果,认为新洋港至斗龙港岸段应为研究区由北部侵蚀转向南部淤长的过渡带。  相似文献   

Prediction of one-dimensional compression behavior of Nansha clay using fractional derivatives     

Hong-Hu Zhu  Guo-Xiong Mei  Bin Shi  Lei Gao 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2017,35(5):688-697

Nansha clay is an interactive marine and terrestrial deposited soft clay that is widely spread in Guangzhou, Pearl River Delta, China. To avoid excessive settlement after construction, there is a need for better quantifying the time-dependent deformation of the soft clay. This paper presents a preliminary study to predict the one-dimensional compression of Nansha clay using fractional derivatives. A fractional Merchant model was introduced to describe the time-dependent settlement, and analytical solutions were obtained in terms of the Mittag-Leffler function. The oedometer test results were presented to validate this model. Compared with classical rheological models, the fractional derivative-based model enabled close estimation of the one-dimensional compression with fewer parameters. The meaning of the order of fractional derivative and its relationship with the clay physical properties were explored. It shows that a smaller value of this order corresponded to a higher coefficient of consolidation and a lower coefficient of secondary consolidation. The amplitude of both the primary and secondary consolidation of clay may be estimated quantitatively by the order of fractional derivative. Taken together, these results may open up new avenues for theoretical and empirical modeling of rheological phenomena in clay using fractional derivatives.  相似文献