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1.
R. D. Kouznetsov V. F. Kramar M. A. Kallistratova 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2006,42(6):696-703
An acoustic locator—a sodar—is a unique instrument for getting the objective characteristics of the current state of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) owing to a combination of such properties as remoteness, mobility, resolution, and information content. This study demonstrates the capabilities of a sodar to obtain data on the second moments of the field of wind-velocity fluctuations, in particular, the profiles of momentum flux in the lower ABL, which are very important in practical applications. A corresponding method is described, and the results of its experimental verification and some examples of its application under the conditions of different ABL stratification are presented. 相似文献
2.
Summary Application of acoustic sounders (sodars) to study the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) began in the early 1970s. During the last two decades the scope of sodars applications enlarged considerably. The proceedings of eleven symposia of the International Society for Remote Acoustic Sensing of the Atmosphere and Oceans (ISARS) are a unique collection of papers, where all directions of the sodar use since 1981 are presented. In this paper, a review of sodar applications to atmospheric research is presented based on materials published in these proceedings in the following fields: conditions of microwave and light propagation; regional climatology of the ABL; air pollution meteorology and weather forecast; mesoscale phenomena under stable and unstable stratification; micrometeorology; peculiarities of the ABL in remote and complex terrain. 相似文献
3.
Summary For 20 years the biennial symposia organized by the International Society for Acoustic Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere and Oceans and Associated Techniques (ISARS) have been held in different countries. The original papers collected in the proceedings of the symposia reflect the development of ideas, equipment, and methods, plus results obtained in the area. The spectrum of themes discussed at the symposia is broad. More than 60% of the papers were devoted to the role of sodars in atmospheric boundary-layer research. This paper presents an overview of the development of sodar technique as elucidated in the proceedings of 11 ISARS symposia. Topics include (1) instrumentation, (2) methods of measuring different meteorological quantities and their turbulence characteristics, and (3) validating the methods by comparison of sodar data with in situ measurements. 相似文献
4.
V. P. Yushkov R. D. Kuznetsov M. A. Kallistratova 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2008,33(10):624-631
Results of measurements of mean wind speed profiles and direction during two years in the center of the city of Moscow are presented. These measurements were performed with a Doppler acoustic profiler (sodar), which was used for continuous monitoring of the wind speed within the height range from 40 to 250–500 m. The averaged seasonal mean profiles are presented along with other observational data, including diurnal cycle parameters, wind speed and direction frequencies at chosen levels, and frequencies and duration of strong winds and calm weather. 相似文献
5.
I. G. Granberg V. F. Kramar R. D. Kuznetsov O. G. Chkhetiani M. A. Kallistratova S. N. Kulichkov M. S. Artamonova D. D. Kuznetsov V. G. Perepelkin V. V. Perepelkin F. A. Pogarskii 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2009,45(5):541-548
The studies conducted in 1991–2004 by scientists of the A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, and the Karpov Institute of Physical Chemistry yielded data on the structures of the surface air layer (to a height of 20 m) and both subinversion and inversion layers (to heights of from 800 m to 1 km), where arid aerosol is transported. One of the main objectives of the 2007 experiment was to record the space-vortex structures within a layer of 30–700 m that directly provide the removal and long-range transport of fine-dispersed (<5 µm) desert aerosol. This paper describes the organization of the Khar-Gzyr 2007 experiment (Black Lands, 2007) to study the convective removal of arid aerosol from desertificated lands, and it presents some data obtained from the remote sensing of the atmospheric boundary layer with a sodar network in the course of this experiment. The sodar network, which was developed to study a spatial structure of coherent vortices, included three identical minisodars (with carrier frequencies of 3.8 kHz) located at the apices of a triangle, each side of which was about 3.5 km, and a sodar (with a carrier frequency of 1.7 kHz). The vertical profiles of the three wind-velocity components and the characteristics of air temperature fluctuations were determined. The procedure of identifying coherent vortex structures is described. The variations in the vertical and horizontal wind-velocity components and the scales characteristic of such structures are estimated. 相似文献
6.
V. P. Yushkov M. A. Kallistratova R. D. Kouznetsov G. A. Kurbatov V. F. Kramar 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2007,43(2):168-180
The experience of long-term acoustic remote measurements of vertical wind-velocity profiles at two sites in Moscow is reported. Equipment performances and measurement conditions are described. Acoustic measurement features characteristic of a large city with high traffic noise and spurious reflections from buildings are discussed. Criteria and techniques of rejecting noisy and false signals are described as well as the methods of statistical data processing suitable in the case of a signal-to-noise ratio rapidly varying in time and a significant number of rejected signals. Preliminary results of measurements are given. 相似文献
7.
L. R. Tsvang S. L. Zubkovskii B. A. Kader M. A. Kallistratova T. Foken V. Gerstmann A. Przadka Ya. Pretel Ya. Zeleny J. Keder 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1985,31(4):325-348
The main results of the International Turbulence Comparison Experiment (Tsimlyansk, U.S.S.R., June–July 1981) are presented. Groups from G.D.R., Poland, U.S.S.R., and Czechoslovakia took part in the experiment, while Bulgarian researchers were present as observers. A comparison of in situ measurements (by acoustic anemometers, thermoanemometers, and resistance thermometers) among themselves and with remote soundings (by sodars) was made. Simultaneous measurements of turbulent fluctuation characteristics and of wind velocity and temperature profiles were performed by different instruments. The results and temperature profiles were performed by different instruments. The results of these measurements were used to estimate the comparative accuracy of various models proposed for the evaluation of turbulent fluxes from profile data. 相似文献
8.
N. V. Vazaeva O. G. Chkhetiani R. D. Kouznetsov M. A. Kallistratova V. F. Kramar V. S. Lyulyukin D. D. Kuznetsov 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2017,53(2):174-186
Distributions of the velocity-field helicity in the atmospheric boundary layer have been obtained from acoustic sounding data. The helicity of large-scale motions (0.3–0.6 m/s2) exceeds (by an order of magnitude) its independently measured turbulent values, which are close to helicity averaged over the layer (0.02–0.12 m/s2). In the absence of strong convection, there is good correlation between helicity and wind velocity squared at upper sounding levels of 400 to 600 m. 相似文献
9.
Vazaeva N. V. Chkhetiani O. G. Kurgansky M. V. Kallistratova M. A. 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2021,57(1):29-46
Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Helicity is inherent in many circulating motions and structures in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), where it is continuously reproduced due to the... 相似文献
10.
I. P. Chunchuzov V. G. Perepelkin S. N. Kulichkov G. I. Gorchakov M. A. Kallistratova A. V. Dzhola J. Lyu P. Teng Y. Yang W. Lin Q. Li Y. Sun 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2017,53(5):524-538
The influence of internal gravity waves on the spatial coherence and temporal variability of the atmospheric pressure, wind velocity, and gas constituents near Moscow and Beijing is studied in the mesoscale range of periods: from a few tens of seconds to several hours. The results of simultaneous measurements of variations in the atmospheric pressure (using a network of spaced microbarographs), wind velocity at different heights of the atmospheric boundary layer, and gas constituents are given for each city. The wave structures are filtered using a coherence analysis of the atmospheric pressure variations at different measurement sites. The dominant periods and the coherences, phase speeds, and horizontal scales of variations corresponding to these periods are estimated. The general mechanism of the influence of wave structures on meteorological fields and gas constituents is discussed, which is independent of the measurement site and the specificity of meteorological conditions. 相似文献