Historical torrential flood events in the Kolubara river basin   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ana M. Petrović  Slavoljub S. Dragićević  Boris P. Radić  Ana Z. Milanović Pešić 《Natural Hazards》2015,79(1):537-547

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On the variability of seasonal temperature in southern South America     

Ana Laura Berman  Gabriel Silvestri  Rosa Compagnucci 《Climate Dynamics》2013,40(7-8):1863-1878

The aim of this paper is to investigate different aspects of the seasonal-to-interannual temperature variability in Eastern Patagonia, the southernmost area of South America, east of the Andes Cordillera. Homogenous regions of seasonal variability and the atmospheric circulation patterns associated with warm and cold conditions in each of them are described in this study. Relationships between temperature in Eastern Patagonia and that registered in other areas of southern South America are also addressed. Results show that the northern and southern areas of Eastern Patagonia have different temperature variability in summer and autumn whereas the temperature variability tends to be more homogeneous within the region during winter and spring. Warm (cold) conditions in the northern areas are associated with reinforced (weakened) westerlies in summer, winter and spring whereas northerly (southerly) advections of warm (cold) air toward the region produce such conditions in autumn. Temperature in the southern portion of Eastern Patagonia is affected by anticyclonic (cyclonic) anomalies that enhance (reduce) the incoming solar radiation and induce reinforced (weakened) westerlies promoting warm (cold) conditions in the region. Furthermore, cyclonic (anticyclonic) anomalies at subpolar latitudes hinder (favor) outbreaks of cold air increasing (decreasing) the temperature over areas of Eastern Patagonia. The circulation anomalies associated with warm (cold) conditions in Eastern Patagonia also promote cold (warm) conditions over areas of northern Argentina, Paraguay and southern Brazil. Consequently, a dipole of temperature is detected in southern South America with centers of opposite sign over these regions.  相似文献   

How to increase technology transfers to developing countries: a synthesis of the evidence     

Ana Pueyo  María Mendiluce  María Sanchez Naranjo  Julio Lumbreras 《Climate Policy》2013,13(3):320-340

The existing United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) has failed to deliver the rate of low-carbon technology transfer (TT) required to curb GHG emissions in developing countries. This failure has exposed the limitations of universalism and renewed interest in bilateral approaches to TT. Gaps are identified in the UNFCCC approach to climate change TT: missing links between international institutions and the national enabling environments that encourage private investment; a non-differentiated approach for (developing) country and technology characteristics; and a lack of clear measurements of the volume and effectiveness of TTs. Evidence from econometric literature and business experience on climate change TT is reviewed, so as to address the identified pitfalls of the UNFCCC process. Strengths and weaknesses of different methodological approaches are highlighted. International policy recommendations are offered aimed at improving the level of emission reductions achieved through TT.  相似文献   

Developing country perspectives on ‘mitigation actions’, ‘NAMAs’, and ‘LCDS’     

Emily Tyler  Anya Boyd  Kim Coetzee  Marta Torres Gunfaus  Harald Winkler 《Climate Policy》2013,13(6):770-776

The MAPS programme, which seeks to deepen mitigation ambition in developing countries, is engaged in exploring the concepts of Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) and Low Carbon Development Strategies (LCDS) from a developing country perspective. Here, climate mitigation practitioners in six developing countries were surveyed for their understanding of these concepts (anonymous, personal communications with climate mitigation practitioners in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, India, and South Africa). It is found that there is much scope for clarity and conceptual elaboration in this policy space. NAMAs are largely interpreted as mitigation activities packaged for submission to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) registry, but are not held to constitute the full set of mitigation activity in a developing country. New terminology may be needed to describe this broader set. A tighter interpretation of LCDS to distinguish between a strategic or coordinating policy action may be useful. Other themes arising include the way ‘national appropriateness’ is reflected in the concepts, and the role of international policy in deepening mitigation action in developing countries.  相似文献   

The white dwarf luminosity function – I. Statistical errors and alternatives     

Enrique M. Geijo  Santiago Torres  Jordi Isern  Enrique García-Berro 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2006,369(4):1654-1666

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The COBE-DMR database and how to use it     

Sergio Torres 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1995,228(1-2):309-312

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Visual measurements of southern double stars,III     

G. Torres 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1988,147(2):257-266

A total of 198 micrometric observations of 103 double stars are reported, which form the third series of a program started at Córdoba with a 30-cm refractor. The WDS pairs observed are largely neglected wide systems mostly south of –60°, many of them having only one previous observation. Internal errors are estimated, and all existing measurements of the pairs are used to study the personal equation. Catalogue proper motions are employed to investigate the motion and nature of many of these stars.  相似文献   

Confidence intervals for the adjusted parameters in the equations describing the relative motion of an optical visual double star     

G. Torres 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1988,141(2):271-279

The problem of assigning formal errors to individual parameters determined in nonlinear least-squares adjustments is briefly reviewed, and the specific case of the equations describing the relative motion of an optical double star is discussed in detail. It is shown how confidence intervals may be computed for the estimated quantities when the equations are expressed in polar form.  相似文献   

Sediment disturbance off the Tagus Estuary, Western Portugal: chronic contamination, sewage outfall operation and runoff events     

Silva S  Ré A  Pestana P  Rodrigues A  Quintino V 《Marine pollution bulletin》2004,49(3):154-162

Sediment disturbance patterns in the coastal area off the Tagus Estuary (Portugal) have been assessed using a set of combined techniques. The potential sources of disturbance in the area include chronic contamination of the fine sediments originating from the estuary, a local input from a long-sea sewage outfall and occasional high runoff episodes following torrential rain. The Sediment Quality Triad approach, combining environmental chemistry (namely organic contaminants), macrofaunal benthic communities and laboratory sediment toxicity assays, was performed on sediment samples from 20 sites. The samples were collected before the outfall commenced operation and four years after commissioning, in order to evaluate the relative magnitudes of the three potential sources of disturbance. The sediment contamination created by the estuary was identified as the most important cause of reduced sediment quality, as disturbance in all three components of the Sediment Quality Triad were only found in a site located near the estuary.  相似文献   

The use of the marine biotic index AMBI in the assessment of the ecological status of the Obidos lagoon (Portugal)     

Carvalho S  Gaspar MB  Moura A  Vale C  Antunes P  Gil O  da Fonseca LC  Falcão M 《Marine pollution bulletin》2006,52(11):1414-1424

This study reports the longitudinal distribution of sediment properties, including inorganic and organic contaminants, and the structure of the benthic community in Obidos lagoon, a coastal system permanently connected to the sea and with negligible freshwater sources. Sediments from the upper to central lagoon consist of fine particles (91%) and from the lower lagoon of sands (94%). Chemical composition is strongly correlated to the percentage of fine particles. Contamination is relatively low in those sediments suggesting the effect of diffuse sources. The increase in organic matter content from down- to upstream areas was associated with the dominance of opportunistic species, while sensitive and indifferent species to organic enrichment were mainly associated to the clean sandy downstream area. The marine biotic index (AMBI) was suitable for the discrimination of the biological and environmental gradients in the Obidos lagoon and was highly related with the gradient of organic matter content in this system.  相似文献