Multi-risk governance for natural hazards in Naples and Guadeloupe     

Anna Scolobig  Nadejda Komendantova  Anthony Patt  Charlotte Vinchon  Daniel Monfort-Climent  Mendy Begoubou-Valerius  Paolo Gasparini  Angela Di Ruocco 《Natural Hazards》2014,73(3):1523-1545

Technical and institutional capacities are strongly related and must be jointly developed to guarantee effective natural risk governance. Indeed, the available technical solutions and decision support tools influence the development of institutional frameworks and disaster policies. This paper analyses technical and institutional capacities, by providing a comparative evaluation of governance systems in Italy and France. The focus is on two case studies: Naples and Guadeloupe. Both areas are exposed to multiple hazards, including earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, floods, tsunamis, fires, cyclones, and marine inundations Cascade and conjoint effects such as seismic swarms triggered by volcanic activity have also been taken into account. The research design is based on a documentary analysis of laws and policy documents informed by semi-structured interviews and focus groups with stakeholders at the local level. This leads to the identification of three sets of governance characteristics that cover the key issues of: (1) stakeholders and governance level; (2) decision support tools and mitigation measures; and (3) stakeholder cooperation and communication. The results provide an overview of the similarities and differences as well as the strengths and weaknesses of the governance systems across risks. Both case studies have developed adequate decision support tools for most of the hazards of concern. Warning systems, and the assessment of hazards and exposure are the main strengths. While technical/scientific capacities are very well developed, the main weaknesses involve the interagency communication and cooperation, and the use and dissemination of scientific knowledge when developing policies and practices. The consequences for multi-risk governance are outlined in the discussion.  相似文献   

Effective regional energy governance—not global environmental governance—is what we need right now for climate change     

Anthony G. Patt 《Global Environmental Change》2010,20(1):33-35

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Petroleum geoscience in Norden - exploration, production and organization     

Anthony M. Spencer Per Ivar Briskeby Lone Dyrmose Christensen Rune Foyn Marie KjФlleberg Erling Kvadsheim Ian Knight Morten Rye-Larsen John Williams 《《幕》》2008,31(1):115-124

Offshore exploration in Norway and Denmark-in the North Sea, the Norwegian Sea and the Barents Sea-has involved drilling about 850 wildcat wells, resulting in about 300 oil and gas finds, of which 84 are fields with production. The recoverable resources of all these finds total about 65 billion barrels of oil equivalent. Almost all these hydrocarbons come from a Jurassic source and the main reservoirs and traps are Jurassic sandstones in fault blocks and Paleocene sandstones or Cretaceous chalks in gentle domes. The article describes four major fields-Ekofisk, Gullfaks, Ormen Lange and SnФhvitto illustrate some of the many challenges in developing and producing the hydrocarbons.
Elsewhere in Norden, there has been much less exploration. Drilling results have mostly been negative in mainland Sweden, onshore Denmark, onshore Svalbard and on- and offshore West Greenland. Minor oil finds have been made in Palaeozoic rocks in the Baltic Sea. The first wells have recently been drilled off the Faroe Islands, resulting in one discovery. No drilling has taken place on- or offshore East Greenland.
As a result of the hydrocarbon activities in Norway and Denmark, petroleum geoscience there has flourished, with 2000 geoscientists currently employed in the industry, many technical innovations made, a wealth of publically available information and a great increase in the understanding of the geology.  相似文献   

Laboratory Research into Permeable Reactive Barriers for Groundwater Remediation     

Anthony Adzomani  Jun Dong  Yan Jin 《世界地质(英文版)》2003,6(1)

Permeable Reactive Barriers (PRB) is a new technology for groundwater pollution remediation. Contaminants are converted into harmless by products in situ as the polluted water passes through a reactive wall. Experimental results demonstrate how reactive media can be used to remove contaminants from polluted water by laying the reactive wall across the flow direction of the water. The most comprehensively studied and applied reactive barrier type uses granulated Zero Valent Iron (ZVI) particles. In this process elemental iron provides a reducing environment which makes reductive dechlorination of chlorinated organic compounds feasible or changes redox sensitive metals, so that they are immobilized by a precipitation reaction. A reactive wall column which is made up of ZVI, sand and zeolite has shown the highest contaminant removal capacity compared to the other two which have different components. The potentials of ZVI, zeolite and Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC) to remove contaminants are due to their different physico-chemical proper-ties which make them to "sorb"metal contaminants. The results of this experiment show that PRB technology is an efficient method for the treatment of leachate-contaminated groundwater.  相似文献   

Error analysis of quadratic power spectrum estimates for cosmic microwave background polarization: sampling covariance     

Anthony Challinor  Gayoung Chon 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2005,360(2):509-532

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Robe's restricted three-body problem with drag     

C. M. Giordano  A. R. Plastino  A. Plastino 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1996,66(2):229-242

Robe's restricted three-body problem is investigated with regards to the effects of a linear drag force. In particular. the stability of the model's equilibrium points is studied in this respect. Two scenarios are envisaged: the one originally discussed by Robe himself and the one suggested by him and recently analyzed by the present authors, that assumes for the fluid body the structure of a Roche's ellipsoid.  相似文献   

Advances in Numerical Modeling of Astrophysical and Space Plasmas     

Anthony L. Peratt 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1997,256(1-2):51-75

Advances in the simulation of astrophysical and cosmic plasmas are the direct result of advances in computational capabilities, today consisting of new techniques such as multilevel concurrent simulation, multi-teraflop computational platforms and experimental facilities for producing and diagnosing plasmas under extreme conditions for the benchmarking of simulations. Examples of these are the treatment of mesoscalic plasma and the scaling to astrophysical and cosmic dimensions and the Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative whose goal is to construct petaflop (10¹⁵ floating operations per second) computers, and pulsed power and laser inertial confinement plasmas where megajoules of energy are delivered to highly-diagnosed plasmas. This paper concentrates on the achievements to date in simulating and experimentally producing plasmas scaled to both astrophysical and cosmic plasma dimensions. A previous paper (Part I, Peratt, 1997) outlines the algorithms and computational growth.  相似文献   

An ESE Event for PSR 0329+54     

Anthony Minter 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2001,278(1-2):159-162

Space Very Long Baseline Interferometry observations of PSR 0329+54 which, by luck, occurred during an interstellar fringing event, are presented. Separate images of the pulsar were not detected. However, the pulsar was observed to be extended. The size of PSR 0329+54 during this event is1.88 × 1.67 mas with a position angle of 30^° East of North. This could be due to two separate images of the pulsar separated byΔ θ ≲ 0.5 mas or angular broadening. The observed image size is larger than the expected angular broadening size of < 0.1 mas from the observations of Britton, Gwinn and Ojeda (1998). This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Inferring salinity from temperature or depth for dynamic height computations in the north pacific     

William J. Emery  Anthony O'Brien 《大气与海洋》2013,51(4):348-366

Abstract

A computational method is developed where salinities inferred from mean salinity profiles (computed from all available data) are used to calculate 0/500 db dynamic height from temperature profiles. Using data from Ocean Weather Station P (50°N, 145°W), the method yielded a much smaller uncertainty in inferred 0/500 db dynamic height (～3 dyn cm) than that found using a mean temperature‐salinity relationship (～10 dyn cm). Applied to historical hydrographic data averaged over 5° squares in the North Pacific (north of 30°N), the method led to inferred dynamic‐height uncertainties typically less than 4 dyn cm in the region north of the Subarctic Front (～40°N). In this same region, dynamic heights inferred from mean temperature‐salinity curves had large uncertainties. South of the Subarctic Front, the dynamic‐height uncertainties associated with the temperature‐salinity curves were smaller than those computed with the mean salinity profiles. A combination of these two methods was used to compute inferred dynamic height from a climatology of temperature structure in the region from 30–50°N, 130°W‐150°E.  相似文献   

Impact of climate warming on upper layer of the Bering Sea     

Hyun-Chul Lee  Thomas L. Delworth  Anthony Rosati  Rong Zhang  Whit G. Anderson  Fanrong Zeng  Charles A. Stock  Anand Gnanadesikan  Keith W. Dixon  Stephen M. Griffies 《Climate Dynamics》2013,40(1-2):327-340

The impact of climate warming on the upper layer of the Bering Sea is investigated by using a high-resolution coupled global climate model. The model is forced by increasing atmospheric CO₂ at a rate of 1% per year until CO₂ reaches double its initial value (after 70 years), after which it is held constant. In response to this forcing, the upper layer of the Bering Sea warms by about 2°C in the southeastern shelf and by a little more than 1°C in the western basin. The wintertime ventilation to the permanent thermocline weakens in the western Bering Sea. After CO₂ doubling, the southeastern shelf of the Bering Sea becomes almost ice-free in March, and the stratification of the upper layer strengthens in May and June. Changes of physical condition due to the climate warming would impact the pre-condition of spring bio-productivity in the southeastern shelf.  相似文献