Reply to comment on ‘Up‐scaling potential impacts on water flows from agricultural water interventions: opportunities and trade‐offs in the Osman Sagar catchment,Musi sub‐basin,India’. Hydrological Processes 27: 3905–3921 by Bouma et al.,          下载免费PDF全文

Kaushal K. Garg  Suhas P. Wani  Jennie Barron  Louise Karlberg  Johan Rockstrom 《水文研究》2014,28(8):3352-3355

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Phanerozoic general circulation model results and quantitative climate data for Australia     

L. A. Frakes  E. J. Barron 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(5):643-655

Quantitative data bearing on Phanerozoic climates of Australia are summarised and comparisons are made with the predictions of atmospheric general circulation models over 12 time slices from the Silurian to the Miocene. Summaries of the model derived mean temperature and precipitation conditions are given individually for each of four regions (southeast, northeast, southwest and northwest). Model results provide the means of estimating climate conditions in many cases, but there is fair agreement between the two approaches in most cases in which data are available. On model results, the southeast experienced winter freezing conditions from the Permian through until the middle Cretaceous and was consistently the coolest of the four regions, in part because of its proximity to the pole, but also because it was the site of elevated terrain throughout most of the Phanerozoic. It also tended to be among the wettest parts of Australia over this time and was subject to frequent winter storms. The northeast, in contrast, was often the warmest part of the continent, although strong seasonality and freezing winter temperatures were common during the Mesozoic and Palaeozoic. Strong seasonality (>30°C contrast between winter and summer) also apparently characterised most of the record for the southwest region, except for the Tertiary, part of the Jurassic, and the Early Palaeozoic. Together with the southeast, this region experienced the most intense effects of winter, especially in the Triassic. Strong seasonality also affected the northwest region through much of the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic and, interestingly, the highest summer temperatures on the continent are predicted for the southwest for most of the time slices studied. The models used today are imperfect but, nonetheless, offer a means of prediction and will perhaps stimulate the gathering of quantitative data in a continent where information is hard to come by and for which not much has yet been presented.  相似文献   

Joint investigations of the Middle Pliocene climate I: PRISM paleoenvironmental reconstructions   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Harry Dowsett  Robert Thompson  John Barron  Thomas Cronin  Farley Fleming  Scott Ishman  Richard Poore  Debra Willard  Thomas Holtz Jr. 《Global and Planetary Change》1994,9(3-4)

The Pliocene epoch represents an important transition from a climate regime with high-frequency, low-amplitude oscillations when the Northern Hemisphere lacked substantial ice sheets, to the typical high-frequency, high-amplitude Middle to Late Pleistocene regime characterized by glacial—interglacial cycles that involve waxing and waning of major Northern Hemisphere ice sheets. Analysis of middle Pliocene (3 Ma) marine and terrestrial records throughout the Northern Hemisphere forms the basis of an integrated synoptic Pliocene paleoclimate reconstruction of the last significantly warmer than present interval in Earth history. This reconstruction, developed primarily from paleontological data, includes middle Pliocene sea level, vegetation, land—ice distribution, sea—ice distribution, and sea-surface temperature (SST), all of which contribute to our conceptual understanding of this climate system. These data indicate middle Pliocene sea level was at least 25 m higher than present, presumably due in large part to a reduction in the size of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. Sea surface temperatures were essentially equivalent to modern temperatures in tropical regions but were significantly warmer at higher latitudes. Due to increased heat flux to high latitudes, both the Arctic and Antarctic appear to have been seasonally ice free during the middle Pliocene with greatly reduced sea ice extent relative to today during winter. Vegetation changes, while more complex, are generally consistent with marine SST changes and show increased warmth and moisture at higher latitudes during the middle Pliocene.  相似文献   

Comment on “a thermodynamic model for multicomponent melts,with application to the system CaOAl2O3SiO2” by Berman and Brown     

Larry M. Barron 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1985,49(2):611-612

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L. M. Barron 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1973,39(2):184

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Sensitivity of Satellite Altimetry Data Assimilation on a Weapon Acoustic Preset     

Chu  P.C. Mancini  S. Gottshall  E.L. Cwalina  D.S. Barron  C.N. 《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》2007,32(2):453-468

The purpose of this research is to assess the benefit of assimilating satellite altimeter data for naval undersea warfare. To accomplish this, sensitivity of the weapon acoustic preset program (WAPP) for the Mk 48 variant torpedo to changes in the sound-speed profile (SSP) is analyzed with SSP derived from the modular ocean data assimilation system (MODAS). The MODAS fields differ in that one uses altimeter data assimilated from three satellites while the other uses no altimeter data. The metric used to compare the two sets of outputs is the relative difference in acoustic coverage area generated by WAPP. Output presets are created for five different scenarios, two anti surface warfare (ASTJW) scenarios, and three antisubmarine warfare (ASW) scenarios, in each of three regions: the East China Sea, Sea of Japan, and an area south of Japan that includes the Kuroshio currents. Analysis of the output reveals that, in some situations, WAPP output is very sensitive to the inclusion of the altimeter data because of the resulting differences in the subsurface predictions. The change in weapon presets can be so large that the effectiveness of the weapon may be affected.  相似文献   

A comparison of two models of ternary excess free energy     

L. M. Barron 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1976,57(1):71-81

Wohl's model and Kohler's model are two empirical excess free energy of mixing models which have been formulated for ternary solutions. The two models are identical when the binary systems are regular solution model systems. When it is assumed that the binary systems are subregular model systems the two ternary models differ. This difference is examined using the subregular model parameter values suggested by Saxena to approximate the experimental work of Seck on coexisting feldspars in the system Anorthite-Albite-Orthoclase at 900° C and 0.5 Kb. For these conditions Wohl's model is closer to the experimental data than Kohler's model in generating the position of the solvus isotherm and is better in matching the shape of the albite partitioning curve. With regard to the slope of the tie-lines, Kohler's model provides a better fit to the experimental results than Wohl's model. Experimentally determined activities for this system are not yet available so that there is no absolute way of selecting the model which would provide the most realistic activities.A ternary solvus can be completely displayed on one diagram when two sets of contours are overlain on a ternary plot. One set of contours consists of isotherms while the other set consists of icophases which are usually at a reasonable angle to the isotherms. Not only are icophases a clear way of coding tie-line information, they also assist in the positioning of the consolute or critical line. The simple new activity matching algorithm that is used in the comparative calculations has the ability to produce icophases directly.Symbols N mole fraction - a activity - T temperature °K - R gas constant, 1.987 cals/mole - G ^x excess free energy of mixing - u _i ^x excess chemical potential of mixing of component i - f activity coefficient - E _AC , W _AC characteristic parameter (cals/mole) for binary AC in a solution model  相似文献   

Book reviews     

Martin I. Hoffert  Eric J. Barron 《Climatic change》1981,3(3):333-335

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Template plotting     

Dr. Lawrence M. Barron 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1974,46(3):241-247

The template transformation allows rapid straight line plotting of fluid-bearing reactions for conditions exceeding the two phase field in water-carbon dioxide. The system CaO-MgO-SiO₂-H₂O-CO₂ with the six solid phase tale, tremolite, quartz, magnesite, calcite, and dolomite is treated at 2Kb. These phases, in T-NH₂O space at constant pressure, participate in two invariant points and eight reactions. Published T-NH₂O data for three of these reactions at 2Kb are transformed using the template into LnK-1/T space to yield the parameters of the best (by eye) straight lines. The parameters of the other five reaction lines are derived by linear combination of these parameters. The reactions belonging to one invariant point in T-NH₂O space will be straight lines that intersect at a single point in ln K-1/T space. This point is not the transformation of the invariant point, and it occurs because of the linear relationship between the reactions. Errors need to be considered in transforming the system back into T-NH₂O space, especially when reactions lines with shallow slopes are involved.  相似文献   

Nuclear waste disposal: A climate problem? — An editorial     

Eric J. Barron 《Climatic change》1987,10(2):107-109

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