Study of groundwaters using the environmental tritium and hydrochemical data in the Belgrade region   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

M. Hadžišehović  M Župančić  N. Miljević  D. Paligorić  M. Komatina 《Environmental Geology》1990,15(1):13-29

A study of tritium content and some physicochemical parameters has been performed in order to investigate interconnection between surface and atmospheric waters and underground waters in Belgrade area. Samples of the precipitation at Zeleno Brdo-Belgrade meteorological station, the Danube and the Sava river water, and underground water (Ranney wells and piezometers) have been analyzed. The³H content, the content of dissolved ions, total hardness, and electrical conductivity have been measured. The tritium data show existence of two water strata in the aquifer. The upper stratum (about 16 m thick) contains older water (mean monthly³H concentration of 17 TU) and has weak interaction with the river and the precipitation. Below this stratum lies the principal water bearing stratum, strongly connected with the river with the³H concentration similar to that of surface water (mean monthly³H concentration of 50 TU) and spreading out through the entire aquifer. The contribution of the Sava river water and the two water layers at the Ranney well are calculated starting with the hydrological aquifer model, which supposes that three water components are mixed in the pumped Ranney well water. According to calculation results using the³H concentration and physicochemical characteristics as parameters, more than 70 percent of the water pumped by the Ranney well (in 1983) comes from the Sava with a time delay of less that 15 days.Properties of tritium distribution in precipitation, river waters, and underground water in the Belgrade region are established from the results of measurements of³H concentrations in the period 1976–1983.  相似文献   

Spectral behaviour of the eclipsing binary TX UMa around primary minimum     

Ladislav Hric  Richard Komžík  Jiří Grygar 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1990,169(1-2):241-243

Sixty-one blue spectrograms of TX UMa were obtained in the years 1969–1970, mainly in phases close to the primary minimum of the eclipsing system. The radial velocity curve displays clear rotational effect from which much higher than synchronous rotational velocity of the blue (B8V) component has been formally derived. However, this discrepancy is probably due to the presence of the tenous accretion disk around the primary. The disk is apparently fed by the intermittent mass transfer as indicated by the occasional changes of orbital period of the system. From all available radial velocity data an improved set of spectroscopic orbital elements is derived. The behaviour of the spectral lines in and out of the primary minimum is compared. Metallic lines of the cold (F7IV) secondary component are clearly seen exclusively in phases 0.988 to 0.012.Paper presented at the 11th European Regional Astronomical Meetings of the IAU on New Windows to the Universe, held 3–8 July, 1989, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.  相似文献   

Structure and stability of prominences with helical structure     

B. Vršnak  V. Ruždjak  R. Brajša  A. Džubur 《Solar physics》1988,116(1):45-60

Observations of internal structure and development of four helical prominences are presented. We assume that the helically twisted fine structure threads are outlining magnetic field lines and we found that it is possible to describe the magnetic fields by the uniform twist configuration, with the twists ranging between 2 and 7. The estimated lower limits for the magnetic fields were about 20 G which give lower limits for the currents flowing along the prominences in the range between 2 × 10¹⁰ A and 2 × 10¹¹ A and current densities at the axis of the prominences about 10^-4 A m^-2. The upper limit of electron drift velocity could be estimated as 1 m s^-1, which is far below the critical velocities for the onset of plasma microinstabilities.The stability of the studied prominences is discussed and the criteria for the onset of eruptive instability are established for a prominence modelled as a twisted and elliptically curved magnetic flux tube which is anchored in the photosphere and affected by its mirror-current. The eruption starts when the prominence attains a critical height which must be larger than half of the footpoint separation and depends on the values of twist, radius, and footpoint distance of the magnetic flux tube. The observed examples of eruptive prominences agree very well with the predictions. Possible applications to the two-ribbon flare process are outlined.Properties of stable cylindrical prominences in equilibrium are analyzed and a criterion for the distinction between the Kuperus-Raadu and Kippenhahn-Schlüter types of prominences is proposed. According to established criteria, two of the studied prominences were of the Kuperus-Raadu type, while the other two were of the Kippenhahn-Schlüter type.  相似文献   

Are prominent mountains frequently mentioned in text? Exploring the spatial expressiveness of text frequency     

Curdin Derungs  Tanja Samardžić 《International journal of geographical information science》2018,32(5):856-873

Data-driven GIScience shows a growing interest in making spatial information from large text data. In this paper, we quantify and thus evaluate the relation between text frequency and properties of the outer-text, geographic setting by comparing text frequencies of mountain names to the respective geomorphometric characteristics. We focus on some 2000 unique mountain names that appear some 50,000 times in a large compilation of texts on Swiss alpine history. The results on the full data set suggest only a weak relation: only 5–10% of the variation in the text frequency being explained by the respective geomorphometric characteristics. However, an analysis of multiple scales allows us to identify a Simpson’s Paradox. What appears to be ‘noise’ in the analysis of all mountains in the whole of Switzerland shows significant local signals. Small spatial extents, found all over Switzerland, can show considerably strong correlations between text frequency and spatial prominence, with up to 90% of the total variation explained. We argue that our findings have practical implications for data-driven GIScience. Retrieving meaningful spatial information from text might only be possible if the spatial scale of analysis reflects the spatial scale described in the input text documents.  相似文献   

A priori fully populated covariance matrices in least-squares adjustment—case study: GPS relative positioning     

Gaël Kermarrec  Steffen Schön 《Journal of Geodesy》2017,91(5):465-484

In this contribution, using the example of the Mátern covariance matrices, we study systematically the effect of apriori fully populated variance covariance matrices (VCM) in the Gauss–Markov model, by varying both the smoothness and the correlation length of the covariance function. Based on simulations where we consider a GPS relative positioning scenario with double differences, the true VCM is exactly known. Thus, an accurate study of parameters deviations with respect to the correlation structure is possible. By means of the mean-square error difference of the estimates obtained with the correct and the assumed VCM, the loss of efficiency when the correlation structure is missspecified is considered. The bias of the variance of unit weight is moreover analysed. By acting independently on the correlation length, the smoothness, the batch length, the noise level, or the design matrix, simulations allow to draw conclusions on the influence of these different factors on the least-squares results. Thanks to an adapted version of the Kermarrec–Schön model, fully populated VCM for GPS phase observations are computed where different correlation factors are resumed in a global covariance model with an elevation dependent weighting. Based on the data of the EPN network, two studies for different baseline lengths validate the conclusions of the simulations on the influence of the Mátern covariance parameters. A precise insight into the impact of apriori correlation structures when the VCM is entirely unknown highlights that both the correlation length and the smoothness defined in the Mátern model are important to get a lower loss of efficiency as well as a better estimation of the variance of unit weight. Consecutively, correlations, if present, should not be neglected for accurate test statistics. Therefore, a proposal is made to determine a mean value of the correlation structure based on a rough estimation of the Mátern parameters via maximum likelihood estimation for some chosen time series of observations. Variations around these mean values show to have little impact on the least-squares results. At the estimates level, the effect of varying the parameters of the fully populated VCM around these approximated values was confirmed to be nearly negligible (i.e. a mm level for strong correlations and a submm level otherwise).  相似文献   

Magmatism and metallogeny of the Ridanj-Krepoljin belt (eastern Serbia) and their correlation with northern and eastern analogues     

S. Karamata  V. Knežević  Z. Pécskay  M. Djordjević 《Mineralium Deposita》1997,32(5):452-458

In the southwestern Carpathians of SW Romania and E Serbia calc-alkaline Upper Cretaceous-Paleogene subduction related magmatic rocks occur in two main zones. The Ridanj-Krepoljin belt (E Serbia) represents the southern part of the western zone. In this belt Early Maastrichtian dacites and subordinate andesites occur, but there are indications of an unexposed granodioritic (?) magmatism about 60 Ma old. Pb-Zn-Ag and only subordinate Cu mineralization is associated with this igneous activity. The Timok magmatic complex (E Serbia) composed of Upper Cretaceous (-Paleocene?) andesites and analogue intrusives represents the eastern zone south of the Danube. Associated with this magmatism are Cu (+Au) and very subordinate Zn (±Pb) mineralization. To the north (SW Romania) in both zones mainly intrusive bodies (diorites, quartz diorites, granodiorites, monzonites) of Campanian-Paleocene age are exposed. Porphyry copper (+Mo) and in north Pb-Zn (±Cu) mineralization are related to those intrusives. The petrological and geochemical features of all these calc-alkaline rocks are very similar. It appears, however, that the associated polymetallic and the copper mineralization are both spatially and vertically separated.  相似文献   

Helium 10830 Å measurements of the Sun     

R. Brajša  S. Pohjolainen  V. Ruždjak  T. Sakurai  S. Urpo  B. Vršnak  H. Wöhl 《Solar physics》1996,163(1):79-91

Measurements of the Sun in the near-infrared He i 10830 Å absorption line were performed using the echelle spectrograph with a dispersion of 6.71 mÅ per pixel at the Vacuum Tower Telescope (German Solar Telescopes, Teide Observatory, Izaña, Tenerife, Spain) on May 26, 1993. These measurements were compared with full-disc soft X-ray images of the Sun (Japanese solar satellite Yohkoh), full-disc solar images in H (Big Bear Solar Observatory), full-disc solar images in the He i 10830 Å line (National Solar Observatory, Kitt Peak) and with full-disc microwave solar maps at 37 GHz (Metsähovi Radio Research Station). In the He 10830 Å line the Sun displays a limb darkening similar to that in the visible part of the spectrum. Active regions and H filaments show a strong absorption in the He 10830 Å line, whereas the absorption is weak in coronal holes.  相似文献   

The analysis of four cosmic dust particles     

I. Kapišinský  V. Figusch  A. Hajduk  J. Ivan  K. Iždinský 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》1995,68(1-3):347-360

A set of four stratospheric particles was reanalysed. These particles registered in the NASA Cosmic Dust Catalogs (CDCs) were classified in the Houston Johnson Space Center (JSC) as the particles of cosmic origin (C). Present energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectra confirmed previous classification and revealed additional features in the chemical composition of the cosmic dust particles.The particles are extremely fine-grained aggregates with bulk chondritic composition. Somewhat higher content of oxygen may indicate a presence of hydroxide containing minerals in their phase composition.  相似文献   

Metal concentrations around thermal power plants,rural and urban areas using honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) as bioindicators     

N. M. Zarić  K. Ilijević  L. Stanisavljević  I. Gržetić 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2016,13(2):413-422

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Geochemical background of potentially toxic trace elements in reclaimed soils of the abandoned pyrite–uranium mine (south-central Poland)     

A. Gałuszka  Z. Migaszewski  A. Duczmal-Czernikiewicz  S. Dołęgowska 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2016,13(11):2649-2662

Spatial distribution patterns of As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, U and Zn were determined in topsoil samples collected after 40 years of chemical remediation conducted in the inoperative “Staszic” pyrite–uranium mine in the Holy Cross Mountains, south-central Poland. Soil samples were taken from 58 sites using a systematic random sampling design. Selected samples were subjected to an X-ray diffractometry analysis on bulk soils and separated clay fractions. Hematite, goethite and gypsum are common mineral phases in soil samples. Technogenic soils developed on reclaimed mine spoils show uniform spatial element distribution patterns and additionally a distinct enrichment in As, Pb, Mn, U and Zn. Mineral and chemical composition of soils vs. rocks points to the lithogenic source of the determined elements. The results of chemical analysis have been used for evaluation of geochemical background of trace elements in the study area with the iterative 2σ-technique. This investigation shows that using mean crustal element concentrations (Clarke values) as proxies of threshold values in soils are not useful for determination of strongly positive geochemical anomalies. A modified enrichment factor, i.e. a local enrichment factor, is proposed for identification of sites where soils are contaminated.  相似文献