建筑物高度对上行闪电触发以及传播影响的数值模拟     

谭涌波  周博文  郭秀峰  张冬冬  师正  陈超 《气象学报》2015,73(3):546-556

为了探讨建筑物高度对单个上行闪电触发以及传播的影响,设定了一个固定的背景电场,并结合自行触发的上行闪电随机放电参数化方案,进行了二维高分辨率上行闪电放电的模拟试验。结果表明:(1)上行闪电在初始阶段分支比较少;发展到离地面2 km左右后,闪电开始出现大量的分支,闪电通道开始出现明显的分叉:一部分通道继续向高电荷密度中心垂直传播,另一部分通道绕过高电荷密度中心,向外水平传播;模拟的上行闪电只能垂直传播到4 km处的负电荷中心,不能穿过0电势线向上方的正电荷区传播。(2)建筑物高度对上行闪电的触发起了关键作用,建筑物越高,越容易触发上行闪电。(3)建筑物高度对上行闪电传播具有一定的反作用,随着建筑物高度增高,模拟出的上行闪电的水平和垂直传播距离都有所减小,通道的分形维数变小,通道传播的总长度也逐渐减小。  相似文献   

不同洞口位置节能砌块隐形密框复合墙体恢复力模型研究          下载免费PDF全文

倪博文  李升才  朱永甫 《世界地震工程》2022,38(1):056-68

为研究洞口位置对节能砌块隐形密框复合墙体滞回特性的影响,对6个采用低周反复加载方式的1/2缩尺试件的试验现象及数据进行分析。基于试验结果和现有恢复力模型理论,对试验数据进行拟合分析,利用退化四折线模型和回归方法,建立节能砌块隐形密框复合墙体的四折线恢复力模型。试验结果表明:当洞口位于墙体中间时,试件滞回环愈加丰满,试件初始刚度有所增加,承载力衰减速率减小,卸载刚度退化速率变慢。通过对骨架曲线特征参数的计算,并和试验骨架曲线对比,两者吻合较好,表明该恢复力模型可以较好的反映出不同洞口位置对其滞回特性的影响,可为节能砌块隐形密框复合墙体的弹塑性分析及工程应用提供参考。  相似文献   

3 D inversion of borehole gravity data using cokriging     

GENG Meixia  HUANG Danian  XU Bowen 《世界地质(英文版)》2014,17(4):225-230

Borehole gravity has been used in mineral exPloration recently with the advent of slim-hole gravime-ters. It is logical to Perform inversion to utilize the information in the newly acquired data. The i...  相似文献   

A Plan to Push Limits? Investigating the ecologically sustainable development dimensions of Melbourne's Central Region sustainable water strategy     

Fiona Miller  Annie Bolitho  Natalie Jamieson  Charlotte Catmur  Anna Hurlimann  Kathryn Bowen 《The Australian geographer》2014,45(1):19-35

Drawing upon theory from the field of urban political ecology, we analyse a major strategic water plan for Melbourne, Australia—the Sustainable water strategy for the Central Region, published in 2006. We assess the extent to which the strategy identified and addressed ecological sustainability in terms of: cultural frames; ecological context; social equity; and engagement processes. We identify that the strategy's framing of water was largely separate from its social and ecological context. This framing resulted in the importance of issues such as environmental flows, social equity and cultural values being diminished, thus avoiding the inevitable confrontation with environmental limits needed to ensure long-term ecological sustainability. Our analysis shows that the discursive dominance of economics limited the response to persuasive scientific arguments for greater ecological consideration in the strategy. Our findings suggest that broadening engagement with the diverse ways in which water is valued is likely to contribute to more equitable and ecologically sustainable water futures.  相似文献   

基于QSSP的震源破裂过程反演方法     

王博文  张燕  申重阳  谈洪波 《大地测量与地球动力学》2022,42(10):1074-1079

在Qt平台上,基于QSSP软件,利用C⁺⁺进行地震破裂过程反演方法研究。采用按阶段反演的方法,第1阶段反演采用热浴算法进行全局搜索,先按断层区域的构造背景等初始条件对参数范围进行划取,在该范围内随机给定一组初始值开始迭代,使波形初步拟合避开局部最优解;第2阶段反演使用拟牛顿法进行快速收敛,提高波形拟合程度,迭代至目标函数小于误差条件时停止,输出满足误差条件的待解模型参数。为避免模型参数出现病态问题,使用拉普拉斯方程建立平滑矩阵并引入平滑因子对断层模型进行平滑约束。使用棋盘模型验证该方法的稳定性和可靠性。最后,将全国13个台站的重力数据积分后对2013-04-20芦山7.0级地震的破裂过程进行反演,并与其他研究结论进行对比分析。  相似文献   

北京市地理国情监测外业调查与核查技术探讨     

杨旭东  杨伯钢  刘博文  李森  王淼 《北京测绘》2018,32(5):532-535

外业调查与核查是获取地理国情信息的重要手段,可帮助内业解译,更好地完成工作。本文介绍了北京市地理国情监测外业调查与核查工作的具体内容,从北京市实际需求出发,研究制定了一套面向北京市的地理国情监测外业调查与核查的技术方案,保证了北京市国家基础性监测和市情专题性监测的合理有效开展,为今后地理国情常态化监测外业工作的实施提供一定的技术参考。  相似文献   

高强钢筋增强UHPC-NC组合柱抗震性能研究          下载免费PDF全文

任亮  胡劭杰  方博文  王凯  温帅 《地震工程学报》2022,44(2):285-291

为探讨高强钢筋增强UHPC-NC组合柱抗震性能,基于大型有限元程序ABAQUS,结合UHPC、NC和高强钢筋材料本构关系,校准损伤塑性模型中相关参数,建立高强钢筋增强UHPC-NC组合柱抗震有限元模型。通过与3个NC柱和3个UHPC柱拟静力试验结果对比,验证分析模型的有效性。在此基础上,进一步探讨轴压比、纵筋直径、纵筋强度、箍筋间距和UHPC高度等敏感参数对高强钢筋增强UHPC-NC组合柱抗震性能的影响。结果表明,高强钢筋增强UHPC-NC组合柱位移延性系数随轴压比、纵筋直径和箍筋间距的增大而降低,随纵筋强度和UHPC高度的增加表现出先增大后逐渐平缓的趋势,合适的UHPC替换高度能充分发挥高强钢筋和UHPC材料特性并取得良好的经济性。  相似文献   

Developing a novel hybrid model for seismic loss prediction of regional-scale buildings     

Hu  Qidan  Xiong  Feng  Zhang  Bowen  Su  Peiyang  Lu  Yang 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2022,20(11):5849-5875

Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering - Seismic loss prediction of regional-scale buildings provides key information for disaster management. However, previous seismic loss prediction models ignored...  相似文献   

江陵凹陷新生代玄武岩水-岩反应模拟及其对富钾卤水成因的指示          下载免费PDF全文

王春连  刘成林  余小灿  王九一  李瑞琴  段晓旭  刘思晗  游超  周博文 《地球科学》2022,47(1):94-109

关于江陵凹陷富钾卤水的物质来源和成因机理仍未查明. 对凹陷新生代玄武岩开展矿物学、岩石学、地球化学研究以及水-岩反应模拟实验,重点研究时间、温度、流体成分等对水-岩反应的影响. 结果表明,卤水具有高锂低镁的特征,说明其在成因上受到火山活动的影响;研究区岩浆发生不同程度的分异,玄武岩蚀变作用强烈,表明地下热液的交代作用强烈,玄武岩通过水-岩反应为富钾卤水矿提供了物质来源;温度是流体对元素的淋滤能力的主要控制因素,高盐度流体是各成矿元素主要的迁移载体,水-岩反应是卤水形成的重要过程.   相似文献   

Assessing the institutional capacity to adapt to climate change: a case study in the Cambodian health and water sectors     

Va Dany  Kathryn J. Bowen  Fiona Miller 《Climate Policy》2013,13(3):388-409

Institutional capacity is an important element for climate change adaptation (CCA) and the development of such capacity is a great challenge in a Least Developed Country like Cambodia where resources are limited. An important first step to increasing capacity is via an understanding of the level of existing capacity; future priorities can then be subsequently identified. This study aimed to assess the capacity of organizations to implement climate change activities in Cambodia in order to provide such a basis for building capacity. Four elements of capacity were investigated in this research: (1) financial resources, (2) cooperation and coordination of stakeholders, (3) availability and quality of information on vulnerability and adaptation to climate change, and (4) the level of understanding of climate change vulnerability and adaptation. The data were collected through semistructured interviews with a wide range of government and non-government informants across a number of sectors. Results of the study showed that informants perceived capacity for CCA to be very constrained, especially in terms of financial resources and cooperation, and addressing these factors was ranked as the highest climate change capacity priority. Institutional capacity constraints were considered to relate more generally to weak governance of CCA. In light of our research findings, the absence of local higher education institutions in CCA activities should be addressed. The support of such institutions would provide an important mechanism to progress both capacity development as well as partnerships and coordination between different types of organizations and relevant sectors.

Policy relevance

Capacity for CCA within Cambodian health and water sectors was perceived to be very constrained across a range of interdependent factors. Increasing funding was ranked as the highest priority for building capacity for CCA; however, governance factors such as ‘improved cooperation’ were also ranked highly. Improving stakeholders' awareness of the availability of adaptation funds and resources, and their responsiveness to funding criteria, is an important implication of our research, as is improving the mobilization of local resources and the private sector. To address the issue of weak cooperation among stakeholders, improving the coordination function of the National Climate Change Committee (NCCC) regarding stakeholder engagement and capacity building is crucial. Ensuring that CCA activities are based on sound information and knowledge from across different disciplines and, importantly, include the perspectives of vulnerable people themselves, ultimately underpins and supports the realization of the above priorities.  相似文献