A Numerical Investigation on Microphysical Properties of Clouds and Precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau in Summer 2014     

Jie TANG  Xueliang GUO  Yi CHANG 《Journal of Meteorological Research》2019,(3):463-477

In order to improve our understanding of microphysical properties of clouds and precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), six cloud and precipitation processes with different intensities during the Third Tibetan Plateau Atmospheric Science Experiment (TIPEX-Ⅲ) from 3 July to 25 July 2014 in Naqu region of the TP are investigated by using the high-resolution mesoscale Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The results show unique properties of summertime clouds and precipitation processes over the TP. The initiation process of clouds is closely associated with strong solar radiative heating in the daytime, and summertime clouds and precipitation show an obvious diurnal variation. Generally, convective clouds would transform into stratiform clouds with an obvious bright band and often produce strong rainfall in midnight. The maximum cloud top can reach more than 15 km above sea level and the velocity of updraft ranges from 10 to 40 m s-1. The simulations show high amount of supercooled water content primarily located between 0 and -20℃ layer in all the six cases. Ice crystals mainly form above the level of -20℃ and even appear above the level of -40℃ within strong convective clouds. Rainwater mostly appears below the melting layer, indicating that its formation mainly depends on the melting process of precipitable ice particles. Snow and graupel particles have the characteristics of high content and deep vertical distribution, showing that the ice phase process is very active in the development of clouds and precipitation. The conversion and formation of hydrometeors and precipitation over the plateau exhibit obvious characteristics. Surface precipitation is mainly formed by the melting of graupel particles. Although the warm cloud microphysical process has less direct contribution to the formation of surface precipitation, it is important for the formation of supercooled raindrops, which are essential for the formation of graupel embryos through heterogeneous freezing process. The growth of graupel particles mainly relies on the riming process with supercooled cloud water and aggregation of snow particles.  相似文献   

黄河口水下斜坡波致圆弧振荡剪切破坏分析   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

常方强  贾永刚 《海洋学报》2010,32(5):175-179

  相似文献   

小型水工建筑物的组合式消能工在季节冻土区的应用     

王世荣  赵贵山 《冰川冻土》1990,12(1):83-86

  相似文献   

Low-Temperature Eclogites and Eclogitic Schists in Mn-rich Metabasites in Ward Creek, California; Mn and Fe Effects on the Transition between Blueschist and Eclogite   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

OH  CHANG W.; LIOU  J. G.; MARUYAMA  S. 《Journal of Petrology》1991,32(2):275-302

In situ eclogitic schist lenses occur in the coherent low-gradeepidote-zone Ward Creek metabasite unit of the Central Franciscanbelt. They contain almandine garnet, clinopyroxene, and rutile.They have slightly higher Mn content (0–5–1–0wt.%) than the coexisting Type III metabasites (0–12–0–25wt%) which contain epidote + glaucophane + actinolite + chlorite+ omphacite + quartz + sphene ? aragonite? lawsonite ? pumpellyite+ albite. The in situ eclogitic schists (130–140 Ma) canbe distinguished from older tectonic eclogites (150–160Ma) in Ward Creek as follows: (1) they are medium grained, whereasType IV tectonic eclogites are coarse grained; (2) they haveunaltered spessartine-rich idioblastic (0–4–10 mm)garnets, whereas Type IV tectonic eclogites have larger xenoblasticto hypidiomorphic spessartine-poor garnets which were corrodedand chloritized along the rim during retrograde metamorphism;(3) clinopyroxenes are chloromelanite in in situ eclogitic schistsbut omphacite in Type IV tectonic eclogites; (4) barroisiticamphiboles occur both as inclusions in garnets and as matrixminerals in Type IV tectonic eclogites but not in in situ eclogiticschists; (5) albite is present in in situ eclogitic schistsbut not in Type IV tectonic eclogites; and (6) the estimatedP-T condition of in situ eclogitic schists is 290 ?C < T<350 ?C, P = 8–9 kb, whereas that of Ward Creek Type IVtectonic eclogites is 500?C< r<540?C, P< 10–11–5kb. Medium-grained eclogites occur as individual blocks in WardCreek; they are different from Type IV tectonic eclogites butare very similar to in situ eclogitic schists. They have unalteredidioblastic garnet with high almandine and spessartine content(Alm₄₇Sp₂3Gr₂₀Py10), and they have chloromel-anitic clinopyroxeneand quartz but no barroisite. Paragonite is also stable in theseeclogites. The blocks formed at 380 ?C< r<400?C, and 9–5kb<P< 14 kb. They are presumably in situ eclogites formedat the highest-temperature part of the Ward Creek metabasiteunit and may be younger than Type IV tectonic eclogites. Such low-temperature occurrences of eclogitic assemblages aredue to the compositional effect on reactions between blueschistand eclogite that are insensitive to pressure and shift towardslower temperatures as bulk-rock MnO content and X_Fe/(Fe+Mg)increase. The Mn/(Mn + Fe) ratio of bulk rock is an importantfactor in controlling the P-T positions of these reactions attemperatures below 450 ?C, whereas the Fe/(Fe + Mg) ratio ofbulk-rock becomes important at temperatures higher than 450?C.  相似文献   

斜压大气中尺度扰动的有限振幅对称不稳定   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

翟宇梅  杨国祥  陆汉城 《气象学报》1991,49(2):181-189

本文通过一个非地转、非静力的Eady模式讨论了斜压粘性流中的非线性对称不稳定。采用具有常值水平和垂直切变的基本场,考虑扰动沿基本气流方向不变,应用摄动方法,得到了非线性情况下扰动振幅的特性方程。结果表明,当δ>0时(δ是进行稳定性分析时所选取的无量纲小参数),振幅|A(T)|存在两个有意义的平衡点|A|_(b1)=0和|A|_(b2)=(-μ_2/μ_1)~(1/2)(μ_1,μ_2是和流体性质、区域大小以及波参数有关的量),|A|_(b1)为不稳定平衡点,|A|_(b2)为稳定平衡点。因此,不论初态如何,终态都趋于稳定平衡点,出现有限振幅现象。当δ<0时,振幅|A(T)|仅有一个有意义的平衡点|A|_(b1)=0,且为稳定平衡点。线性分析所得结果为非线性结果的特例。  相似文献   

L₁相关速度谱     

范京  李衍达 《地球物理学报》1989,32(2):191-202

本文提出了L_p相关的基本概念、定义及性质。特别分析了P=1的L₁相关与普通相关不同的特点,并将之应用于地震信号速度谱分析。本文分析了速度信息寄载于地震记录中的基本特点,并采用L₁相关技术进行速度分析。结果表明,它比普通相关及符号位相关能更充分地提取地震信号中的速度信息,从而提高速度谱的质量和抗干扰能力。L₁相关不用乘法运算,因而大大减少了运算量。 使用新方法和普通方法对理论模型和实际地震信号进行对比研究,结果说明新方法的改善效果是明显的。  相似文献   

中国西部地区门源-平凉-渭南地震测深剖面资料的分析解释   总被引：16，自引：4，他引：16       下载免费PDF全文

张少泉  武利均  郭建明  陈学波  赵静娴  丁韫玉  黄长林  张诚  陈志泰 《地球物理学报》1985,28(5):460-472

本文所处理的地震测深剖面资料,是一条途经陕、甘、宁、青四省,由7个炮点和12个记录分支组成的、全长约970km的地壳折射资料。 本文通过走时反演、射线追踪和合成地震图等分析解释手段,给出各分支的结构参数和全测线的横向变化。整个地壳大体分四层,其参数为 H₁=3.32±1.01 km,V₁=4.35±0.79 km; H₂=11.79±2.77 km,V₂=6.06±0.24 km; H₃=11.58±4.32 km,V₃=6.35±0.26 km; H₄=17.64±7.25 km,V₄=6.52±0.57 km. 地壳总厚度为45.60±11.01km.莫氏面自西向东逐渐变浅,在西段较为平缓,在中段和东段起伏较大,似乎显示出一个上端略宽、下端略窄的“U”形构造.这种构造有助于说明该区的大地构造特点和地震孕育的深部条件.  相似文献   

非均匀运动等离子体中波传播的边值问题          下载免费PDF全文

常满  张雁征 《地球物理学报》1985,28(1):7-14

本文使用热等离子体模型,研究了电磁波和电声波在具有非均匀电子密度剖面和非均匀速度剖面等离子体层中,斜入射波的非相对论性的传播过程,求得了传播方程边值问题的数值解。同时讨论了由于引入等离子体运动速度V₀以后对截止频率和可传播角度的影响。  相似文献   

松嫩平原晚第三纪—更新世孢粉组合及古植被与古气候的研究   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

夏玉梅  汪佩芳 《地理学报》1987,(2)

本文通过大庆、乾安、长春、哈尔滨等地所揭示孢粉资料,试将松嫩平原晚第三纪到更新世时期划出13个孢粉带。根据孢粉组合系列变化和磁性地层测定,论述古植被与古气候演化过程,为研究东北平原第四纪自然环境变迁提供科学依据。  相似文献   

海面电磁波散射的数值仿真   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

常满  郭秀梅 《地球物理学报》1986,29(2):124-132

本文采用数值仿真的方法,在双尺度海浪模型下,在计算机上进行了电磁波与海浪相互作用过程的数值实验。计算了VV和HH极化波散射系数与入射角度、风速、风向等海况参数间的关系,并将计算结果与美国海军研究实验室（NRL）的四频率雷达测试数据做了比较,我们的结果比N.W.Guinard and J.C.Daley计算结果有明显改进。  相似文献