GEOMORPHIC FEATURES OF THE HEIHE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN IN WESTERN QILIAN SHAN-HEXI CORRIDOR AND ITS TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS          下载免费PDF全文

SU Qi  YUAN Dao-yang  XIE Hong 《地震地质》2016,38(3):560-581

Using quantitative geomorphic factors for regional active tectonic evolution is becoming more and more popular. Qilian Mountains-Hexi Corridor which locates in the northern edge of Qinghai-Tibet plateau is the most leading edge of the plateau's northward extension. The uplift rate of all segments and the intensity of influence from tectonic activity are the important evidences to understand the uplift and extension of the plateau. Heihe River Basin is located at the northern piedmont of the western segment of Qilian Mountains, the development of the rivers is influenced by the tectonic activity of the Qilian Mountains, and the unique river morphology is important carriers of the regional tectonic uplift. Geomorphologic indexes such as hypsometric integral, geomorphologic comentropy and river longitudinal profiles were extracted by GIS tools with free access to the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission(SRTM)DEMs, and according to the different expression of the geomorphological indexes in the Heihe River Basin, we divided the drainage basin into two parts and further compared them to each other. Recent studies reveal that obvious differences exist in the landscape factors(hypsometric integral, geomorphology entropy and river profiles)in the east and west part of the Heihe Basin. The structural intensity of the west part is stronger than that of the east, for example, in areas above the main planation surface on the western part, the average HI value is 0.337 8, and on the eastern part the HI value is 0.355. Accordingly, areas under the main planation surface are just on the contrary, indicating different structural strength on both sides. Similar phenomenon exists in the whole drainage basins. Furthermore, by comparing the fitting river profiles with the real river profiles, differential uplift is derived, which indicates a difference between west and east(with 754m on the western part and 219m on the east). Comprehensive comparison and analysis show that the lithologic factors and precipitation conditions are less influencing on the geomorphic factors of the study area, and the tectonic activities, indicated by field investigation and GPS inversion, are the most important element for geomorphic evolution and development. The variation of the geomorphologic indexes indicates different tectonic strength derived from regional structures of the Qilian Shan.  相似文献   

新疆地区县(市)地震应急能力指标体系的建立与区域差异初探   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

刘军  苏桂武  孙甲宁  宋立军  邓砚  齐文华  谭明 《震灾防御技术》2016,11(4):814-822

从新疆地区地震活动性、灾害背景及区域协同联动应急模式出发,在遵循科学性、系统优化和可操作性及区域特性等原则的基础上,采用层次分析法建立了县级行政单元的地震应急能力评价指标体系;继而建立了基于基础设施条件、基础人力物力财力、(县级)专项能力和专项经验及基础环境背景4个一类指标集的县(市)绝对地震应急能力综合评价模型,并根据新疆地区4类人员问卷调查资料,计算和分析了样本支持条件下各指标的权重及结果,将其应用在新疆地区县(市)地震应急能力等级划分中。结果表明,地震应急能力的空间分布格局的产生与区域经济发展水平和地理位置等方面所具备的优势是相适应的,安居富民工程对提升区域地震应急能力发挥了重要作用,少数民族聚集区应急能力有待加强,寒旱、高海拔地区等特殊地理因素影响不可忽视。  相似文献   

Electrical conductivity of hydrous silicate melts and aqueous fluids: Measurement and applications     

Xuan Guo  Qi Chen  HuaiWei Ni 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2016,59(5):889-900

The combination of magnetotelluric survey and laboratory measurements of electrical conductivity is a powerful approach for exploring the conditions of Earth’s deep interior. Electrical conductivity of hydrous silicate melts and aqueous fluids is sensitive to composition, temperature, and pressure, making it useful for understanding partial melting and fluid activity at great depths. This study presents a review on the experimental studies of electrical conductivity of silicate melts and aqueous fluids, and introduces some important applications of experimental results. For silicate melts, electrical conductivity increases with increasing temperature but decreases with pressure. With a similar Na⁺ concentration, along the calc-alkaline series electrical conductivity generally increases from basaltic to rhyolitic melt, accompanied by a decreasing activation enthalpy. Electrical conductivity of silicate melts is strongly enhanced with the incorporation of water due to promoted cation mobility. For aqueous fluids, research is focused on dilute electrolyte solutions. Electrical conductivity typically first increases and then decreases with increasing temperature, and increases with pressure before approaching a plateau value. The dissociation constant of electrolyte can be derived from conductivity data. To develop generally applicable quantitative models of electrical conductivity of melt/fluid addressing the dependences on temperature, pressure, and composition, it requires more electrical conductivity measurements of representative systems to be implemented in an extensive P-T range using up-to-date methods.  相似文献   

应用流体包裹体和自生伊利石测年重构鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系油藏烃类充注史     

赵彦德  齐亚林  罗安湘  程党性  李继宏  黄锦绣 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2016,46(6):1637-1648

中生界侏罗系是鄂尔多斯盆地重要的石油勘探与开发目的层之一,侏罗系油藏受前侏罗纪古地貌影响较为显著。本文通过流体包裹体特征分析、均一化温度测定和包裹体丰度（GOI）分析、定量颗粒荧光（QGF、QGF-E）研究以及储集层自生伊利石K-Ar定年等实验方法和手段的应用,对鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系油气包裹体特征进行了精细描述及定量化分析研究,揭示了侏罗系油藏形成时间、充注过程及油气包裹体与油气运移、成藏的关系。研究结果表明：侏罗系油藏存在晚期充注,早期充注少或油藏遭受调整,早期生成的烃类现今仅以沥青的形式赋存,现今烃类流体主要为晚期成藏的产物。侏罗系石油大规模充注期为（108.3±2.0）~（116.5±2.0）Ma（早白垩世中期）,具有垂向运移聚集的特点。鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系油藏早期受岩性和构造双重控制,晚期构造活动调整了油气藏的形态及局部富集。侏罗系在晚期成藏过程中没有形成过叠合连片的大规模的油藏,只在局部构造上形成规模较小的“小而肥”的独立油藏。  相似文献   

基于Matlab的DGPS数据实时可视化与走航观测          下载免费PDF全文

吴清松  王琪  应剑云  谢鸣 《海洋学研究》2016,34(2):60-64

本文利用Matlab设备控制工具箱,实现DGPS数据的导入与实时可视化,并用于ADCP断面走航观测。根据在舟山海域连续28 h的现场ADCP断面走航观测,该系统实时性较好,每秒钟更新1次航迹、当前船速与航向等信息,可满足实时可视化的要求。本系统的工作只需要准备1张导航底图,且操作简单、信号稳定,连续工作28 h均没有出现DGPS信号中断的情况。  相似文献   

基于长期数据的北斗广播星历精度评估     

曾琪  吴多  刘万科 《大地测量与地球动力学》2016,36(11):958-962

介绍了广播星历精度评估的基本原理和方法,并利用2013-01~2015-04共28个月的广播星历数据,分析比较了北斗不同类型卫星的轨道精度、钟差精度及整体精度的短期和长期变化趋势。结果表明,GEO卫星广播星历的轨道精度约为1.8 m,钟差精度优于6 ns;IGSO和MEO广播星历的轨道精度优于1.2 m,钟差精度优于4 ns,整体上优于GEO卫星。从长期变化趋势来看,北斗广播星历的精度有逐渐提高的趋势。  相似文献   

宽频带静电反馈倾斜仪正交耦合误差分析     

蒋琦  陈志遥  李树德  吴涛 《大地测量与地球动力学》2016,36(6):561

分析和计算宽频带静电反馈倾斜仪测量中正交方向上的倾斜对测量结果的影响。结果表明,正交方向的倾斜使测量结果产生误差,需对仪器加以改进,以减小正交耦合误差。  相似文献   

Assessment of effectiveness of nature reserves on the Tibetan Plateau based on net primary production and the large sample comparison method   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

Yili Zhang  Zhongjun Hu  Wei Qi  Xue Wu  Wanqi Bai  Lanhui Li  Mingjun Ding  Linshan Liu  Zhaofeng Wang  Du Zheng 《地理学报(英文版)》2016,26(1):27-44

Twenty-one typical coupled large samples were chosen from areas within and surrounding nature reserves on the Tibetan Plateau using the large sample comparison method (LSCM). To evaluate the effectiveness of the nature reserves in protecting the ecological environment, the alpine grassland net primary production (NPP) of these coupled samples were compared and the differences between them before and after their establishment as protected areas were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) With respect to the alpine grassland NPP, the ecological and environmental conditions of most nature reserves were more fragile than those of the surrounding areas and also lower than the average values for the Tibetan Plateau. (2) Of the 11 typical nature reserves selected, the positive trend in the NPP for Manzetang was the most significant, whereas there was no obvious trend in Taxkorgan. With the exception of Selincuo, the annual NPP growth rate in the nature reserves covered by alpine meadow and wetland was higher than that in nature reserves consisting of alpine steppe and alpine desert. (3) There were notable findings in 21 typical coupled samples: (a) After the establishment of the nature reserves, the annual rate of increase in the NPP in 76% of samples inside nature reserves and 82% of samples inside national nature reserves was higher than that of the corresponding samples outside nature reserves. (b) The effectiveness of ecological protection of the Mid-Kunlun, Changshagongma, Zoige and Selincuo (Selin Co) nature reserves was significant; the effectiveness of protection was relatively significant in most parts of the Sanjiangyuan and Qiangtang nature reserves, whereas in south-east Manzetang and north Taxkorgan the protection effectiveness was not obvious. (c) The ecological protection effectiveness was significant in nature reserves consisting of alpine meadow, but was weak in nature reserves covered by alpine steppe. This study also shows that the advantage of large sample comparison method in evaluating regional ecology change. Careful design of the samples used, to ensure comparability between the samples, is crucial to the success of this LSCM.  相似文献   

陕西石泉县羊坪湾金矿床地质-地球化学特征及金的富集规律          下载免费PDF全文

李福让  侯俊富杨 弘 王 启 《中国地质》2009,36(1):174-183

羊坪湾金矿床是在南秦岭造山带石泉-汉阴北部地区继黄龙金矿床和鹿鸣金矿床开发之后近年来新发现的金矿床,对该金矿床的研究对于该区域找矿实践及金成矿理论研究具有重要意义.笔者通过野外调研和室内测试相结合对羊坪湾金矿床地质、地球化学特征及金的富集规律进行了研究.羊坪湾金矿产于下志留统梅子垭组(S1m)含炭二云母石英片岩中,目前矿区圈出南、北两条平行展布的金矿化蚀变带,在矿带内圈出3条平行展布的金矿体.金矿化特征为硅化、黄铁矿化.金粒度较粗,主要为明金,以粒间金、裂隙金等形式赋存.含炭二云母石英片岩夹石英岩互层有利岩性段和韧(脆)性剪切构造控制着金矿的产出.流体包裹体研究表明:均一温度为170～220℃,属中-低温;氢、氧同位素的特征显示,成矿热液中的水介质是以大气降水和变质分泌水为主的混合水.硫同位素的变化范围是7.5‰～11.7‰,说明成矿物质主要来源于地层.综合地质地球化学特征认为该矿床为沉积-改造型中低温热液矿床.  相似文献   

Impact of phased uplift of Tibetan Plateau on environmental changes since late Middle Pleistocene: Palynological records in the three terraces of Middle Shiquan River     

Rongke Xu  Xiongfei Cai  Yulian Zhang  Liang Shan  Yaoyu Chen  Jianhong Qi  Gang Wang 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2009,3(4):402-410

Three fluvial terraces in Porougong River in the middle reach of Shiquan River were identified, and the palynological records were investigated to decipher the paleoenvironmental changes in the west inland of the Tibetan Plateau. Three phases of uplift in the west inland of the Tibetan Plateau are suggested to be associated with the third, second, and first fluvial terraces (T₃, T₂, and T₁) being formed at ca.126-25.1 ka B.P., 25.1-4.5 ka B.P., and 4.5-1.3 ka B.P., respectively. The differentiated uplift rate infers that the inland Tibetan Plateau shows an earlier uplift than the surroundings. Coincident with the phased uplift, three episodes of the changes in paleovegetation and paleoclimate since late Middle Pleistocene could be identified by the spore-pollen records, including the forests under the warm-wet climate featured by the assemblage of Picea + Pinus-Betula-Ulmus-Chenopodiaceae-Epheara in the third terrace, the forest-grassy vegetation under the semi-arid and semi-wet climate as shown by the Picea + Pinus-Chenopodiaceae-Epheara assemblage in the second terrace, and the grassland under the cold-dry climate indicated by the Chenopodiaceae-Artemisia-Ephedra assemblage in the first terrace. The association of the paleovegetation and paleoclimate changes with the phased uplift of the fluvial terraces has revealed the important impact of the Plateau uplift.  相似文献