Characteristics of thermal finestructure in the southern Yellow Sea and the East China Sea from airborne expendable bathythermograph measurements     

Sunghyea Park  Peter C. Chu 《Journal of Oceanography》2008,64(6):859-875

Four surveys of airborne expendable bathythermograph with horizontal spacing of about 35 km and vertical spacing of 1 m extending from the surface down to 400 m deep are used to analyze thermal finestructures and their seasonality in frontal zones of the southern Yellow Sea and the East China Sea. Finestructure characteristics are different not only among fronts but also along the same front, implying different mixing mechanisms. Summer thermocline intrusions with thickness from few to 40 meters, generated by the vertically-sheared advection, are identified along the southern tongue of the Cheju-Yangtze Front (especially south of Cheju Island). The finestructures south of the Yangtze Bank (i.e. the western tip of the southern tongue) produced by strong along-frontal currents are not as rich as elsewhere in the southern tongue. The Cheju-Tsushima Front presents mixed finestructures due to confluent currents from various origins. The irregular-staircase finestructures in the Kuroshio region (below the seasonal thermocline), driven by double-diffusive mixing, show seasonal invariance and vertical/horizontal coherence. The strength of mixing related to finestructure is weaker in the Kuroshio region than in the Cheju-Tsushima Front or south of Cheju Island. The profiles in the Tsushima Warm Current branching area show large (∼50 m thick), irregular-staircase structures at the upper 230 m depth, which coincides roughly with the lower boundary of the maximum salinity layer. The finestructure at depths deeper 230 m is similar to that in the Kuroshio region. The possible mechanisms for generating the finestructures are also discussed.  相似文献   

松辽盆地徐家围子断陷火山岩裂缝形成机理   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈树民  姜传金  刘立  初丽兰  裴明波 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2014,44(6):1816-1826

松辽盆地徐家围子断陷是位于松辽盆地北部深层的半地堑型晚侏罗世-早白垩世伸展断陷,火山岩发育。在已有研究成果的基础上,结合野外露头和岩心观测及镜下研究发现：本区火山岩构造裂缝和溶蚀裂缝都比较发育,具有明显的规律性,多数原生缝被后期的构造应力或溶蚀作用改造成次生缝。本区裂缝形成的控制因素较多,主要有应力、构造、岩性和岩相、溶蚀作用、风化淋滤、构造应力场演化等,其中构造应力场演化、岩性和岩相及风化溶蚀作用是控制裂缝形成的主要因素。构造裂缝以高角度的张扭性和张性缝为主,多为半充填和无充填,具有多期、多方向、组合复杂等特点,是晚侏罗世至新近纪各种地质作用相互叠加的结果。构造通过控制不同构造部位的局部应力场分布来控制裂缝发育程度,沿断裂带存在明显的应力集中,形成裂缝发育带,特别在正断层上升盘、断层端部、背斜轴部等应力集中部位容易形成构造裂缝。有效火山岩油气储层为各类原生孔隙与裂缝的有效组合。由于火山喷发多个旋回叠加,加之风化剥蚀及不整合面的存在,造成裂缝在纵向上发育具有旋回性,溶蚀裂缝主要在不整合面附近发育。在平面上,裂缝主要发育在断裂密集区、断裂交汇部位和背形或向形构造发育的地区。本区处于爆发相和溢流相火山岩的发育区,气孔和裂缝最发育,特别是溢流相的流纹岩中,裂缝和气孔均较为发育,是本区的优质储层最发育区,也是天然气富集区。  相似文献   

The Degradation of Natural Organic Matter in Surface Water by a Nano‐TiO2/Diatomite Photocatalytic Reactor          下载免费PDF全文

Wen Sun  Huaqiang Chu  Dawen Cao  Shuilin Zheng 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2014,42(9):1190-1198

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Inversion of Source Parameters for Moderate Earthquakes Using Short-Period Teleseismic P Waves   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Risheng Chu  Sidao Ni  Arben Pitarka  Don V. Helmberger 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2014,171(7):1329-1341

In this paper, we introduce a new method for estimating the source parameters of moderate earthquakes (M _w ~5.0) by modeling short-period teleseismic waveforms. This method uses a grid-search algorithm to minimize misfits between observed data and synthetic seismograms in depth, magnitude, and mechanism domain in a relative high-frequency range of 0.8–2.0 Hz, similar to the traditional cut-and-paste method used in regional modeling (Zhu and Helmberger, Bull Sesimol Soc Am 86:1634–1641, 1996). In this frequency range, a significant challenge is determining the initial P-wave polarity because of a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Therefore we first determine source properties for a master earthquake with a relative strong SNR. Both the travel time and amplitude corrections are developed relative to the reference 1D model along each path used in inverting the master event. We then applied these corrections to other earthquakes clustered in the same area to constrain the initial P polarities. Thus the focal mechanisms can be determined reasonably well. We inverted focal mechanisms for a small set of events beneath Qeshm Island in southern Iran and demonstrate the importance of radiation pattern at short periods.  相似文献   

Fouling and Cake Behavior of Algal Organic Foulants on Microfiltration Membranes in Various Growth Phases          下载免费PDF全文

Weiwei Huang  Huaqiang Chu  Bingzhi Dong 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2016,44(12):1661-1671

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西藏高原MODIS每日积雪产品去云算法过程对比验证研究     

拉巴卓玛  邱玉宝  次旦巴桑  郑照军  拉巴  陈涛  张欢  除多 《冰川冻土》2016,38(1):159-169

基于MODIS积雪产品的多种去云方法过程在西藏高原开展对比验证,并以漏测误差L(%)、多测误差M(%)、总体精度O(%)、积雪分类精度S(%)及kappa系数(K_hat)作为验证精度评价指标;主要研究方法有上下午星结合去云法(方法Ⅰ)、连续三天结合去云法(方法Ⅱ)以及基于数字高程模型的Snowl去云法(方法Ⅲ).并采用高分辨率Landsat遥感数据对所得结果开展验证对比工作,为了使验证结果更具有代表性,选取了西藏高原典型的5个区域用于其验证范围.结果表明:方法Ⅰ和方法Ⅱ有较好的去云效果,适合于在西藏高原开展利用;方法Ⅲ在西藏高原没有起到特殊的去云作用,该方法的前提假设是在西藏高原需要考虑山地和高原作分析;通过三种方法去云之后在5个区域效果总体上表现为漏测误差和多测误差都有减少,总体精度和积雪分类精度分别在60%~98%及60%~95%之间,kappa系数在0.10~0.56间,一致性精度表现一般.  相似文献   

土壤硝酸盐氮的空间变异特征及影响因素分析     

张玉玲  司超群  陈志宇  初文磊  陈在星  王璜 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2018,48(1):241-251

为了掌握土壤中硝酸盐氮的空间变异性规律,为硝酸盐污染土壤控制与修复提供依据,以东北某农业灌区为例,利用地质统计方法进行土壤硝酸盐氮的空间变异特征及影响因素分析。研究结果表明：土壤硝酸盐氮的空间变异性显著,变异系数达到82.88%以上。第一层土壤硝酸盐氮在南北向空间上存在严格的自相关性,空间变异的结构性成分比例较高;第二、三层位土壤硝酸盐氮空间变化接近分形布朗运动;第四层位土壤硝酸盐氮在各方向上都具有较高的随机性。总体土壤硝酸盐氮质量分数由西向东逐渐递减,在浑河中下游以及细河附近土壤硝酸盐氮质量分数偏高。不同影响因素对于硝酸盐氮的空间变异特征影响不一致：土壤硝酸盐氮质量分数与有机质质量分数的空间分布趋势一致;不同土壤类型中,水田环境中土壤硝酸盐氮随着深度线性递减,而其他类型土壤中硝酸盐氮质量分数在表层向下递减后有一个回升现象,这与它们各自所处的环境特点有关,而地表壤土和砂土富含硝酸盐。  相似文献   

基于电磁驱动的滑坡模型水分迁移理论及试验研究     

周昌  胡新丽  徐楚  王强  徐迎 《岩土力学》2018,39(9):3347-3354

加快模型试验中水的渗流速率对库岸滑坡研究意义重大。考虑滑坡渗流特性,基于电磁驱动原理,在滑坡模型中施加相互垂直的电场、磁场,推导出孔隙水受力公式,根据电渗固结理论,推导水分迁移速率v与电压Ve、磁场强度B的关系式,进而获得时间相似比,实现了通过电磁场强度来控制滑坡模型水分迁移速率,改进模型试验,为研究库水位升降对滑坡的影响提供条件。通过试验进行验证：电磁场对水分迁移速度的影响具有显著效果,且电压大小对模型的稳定渗流场影响较小。说明在不改变模型材料参数的条件下,改变磁场强度和电压可获得任意孔隙水的渗流速度,为研究库水位波动条件下的滑坡演化机制奠定基础。  相似文献   

水库型滑坡模型试验相似材料的研制及应用     

徐楚  胡新丽  何春灿  徐迎  周昌 《岩土力学》2018,39(11):4287-4293

相似材料的研制是滑坡模型试验的关键。在相似材料的研究基础上,通过大量的配比试验,结合模糊综合评价法对不同配比材料的相似性进行比较,研制出同时模拟物理力学性能相似和渗流作用相似的水库型滑坡相似材料,这种材料由标准砂、滑体土、膨润土和水溶液混合而成。同时通过库水作用下滑坡模型试验评价该材料的相似效果,记录水位升降过程中坡内的孔隙水压力变化、渗流变化、滑面形态及裂缝形成发展过程。试验结果表明,库水对岩土体物理力学性质的弱化和坡内指向临空面的渗透压力是滑坡产生的主要诱发因素;水库型滑坡的破坏模式为有多级滑面的牵引式破坏;试验观测的浸润线与理论计算结果基本吻合。该相似材料的物理力学性能和渗流效果均能达到试验相似要求,模拟库水作用下滑坡变形破坏过程的效果良好,是一种比较理想的水库型滑坡模型相似材料。研究结果为进一步开展大型水库型滑坡模型试验提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

Wave height characteristics in the north Atlantic ocean: a new approach based on statistical and geometrical techniques     

George Galanis  Peter C. Chu  George Kallos  Yu-Heng Kuo  C. T. J. Dodson 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2012,26(1):83-103

The main characteristics of the significant wave height in an area of increased interest, the north Atlantic ocean, are studied based on satellite records and corresponding simulations obtained from the numerical wave prediction model WAM. The two data sets are analyzed by means of a variety of statistical measures mainly focusing on the distributions that they form. Moreover, new techniques for the estimation and minimization of the discrepancies between the observed and modeled values are proposed based on ideas and methodologies from a relatively new branch of mathematics, information geometry. The results obtained prove that the modeled values overestimate the corresponding observations through the whole study period. On the other hand, 2-parameter Weibull distributions fit well the data in the study. However, one cannot use the same probability density function for describing the whole study area since the corresponding scale and shape parameters deviate significantly for points belonging to different regions. This variation should be taken into account in optimization or assimilation procedures, which is possible by means of information geometry techniques.  相似文献