Comparison of metal(loid) concentrations in water, sediments and fish from two large shallow lakes   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

J. Zeng  L. Y. Yang  X. M. Chuai  X. F. Chen  H. Y. Zhao  Q. L. Wu 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2013,10(6):1209-1218

Hulun Lake and Taihu Lake are both large shallow lakes in China. In summer and winter of 2009, water, sediments and fish samples were collected from the two lakes and the concentrations of metal(loids) were analyzed. The results demonstrated that aqueous concentrations of arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu) in Hulun Lake were significantly higher than those in Taihu Lake. Especially, the As concentrations (about 130 μg/L) in Hulun Lake dramatically exceeded the permissible level of drinking water. Compared with Taihu Lake, metal(loid) concentrations in the sediments of Hulun Lake were significantly lower, which might have less impacts on the metal exchanges between water and sediments. In contrast, concentrations of the measured metal(loids) (including As) in fish from Hulun Lake and Taihu Lake were comparable, suggesting that the dramatic difference in aqueous and sediment metal(loid) concentrations had less influence on the metal(loid) bioavailability. The higher concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and cations (e.g., Na⁺, K⁺ and Mg²⁺) in lake water might contribute to the reduced metal(loid) bioavailability to fish in Hulun Lake.  相似文献   

Sorption of heavy metals from aqueous solution by dehydrated powders of aquatic plants   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

P. Y. Deng  W. Liu  B. Q. Zeng  Y. K. Qiu  L. S. Li 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2013,10(3):559-566

Ruppia maritima and Echinodorus amazonicus were prepared in a dehydrated powder form. The characteristics and mechanisms of adsorption of heavy metals were studied under various pH values, reaction times, and heavy metal ion concentrations. The results showed that under different pH and reaction time conditions, heavy metal adsorption was lead > cadmium > zinc > copper. The adsorption of lead increased linearly with the lead concentration. For cadmium, zinc and copper, the adsorption was saturated when metal ion concentration exceeded 200 mg/L. When a Freundlich model was applied, R ² values for the heavy metal adsorption by the aquatic plants mostly exceeded 0.9. The adsorption of heavy metal ions by these two aquatic plant powders was better explained by the Lagergren second-order equation than the first-order equation. From the Fourier Transform Infrared spectra, there was an adsorption peak at 2,115 cm^?1 for R. maritima. The peak shape did not change with metal affiliation except there was a shift of peak wavelength before adsorption. The results indicate that the mechanism of heavy metal adsorption by the two species is not simply on the mono-molecular layer level, and that intra-particulate dispersal is the dominant process. Heavy metal pollution does not affect the basic chemical components, and major substances involved in heavy metal adsorption including carbohydrates, cell wall pectin, and protein functional groups.  相似文献   

Statistical analysis of the temporal stability of soil moisture in three desert regions of northwestern China     

Bing Liu  Wenzhi Zhao  Fanjiang Zeng 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(5):2249-2262

Soil moisture and its variations are key factors for understanding hydrological processes, which are characterized by a high temporal variability at different scales. The study was conducted at three field stations in the desert regions of northwestern China, where soil moisture measurements with gravimetric method were used to characterize the temporal stability of soil moisture using various statistical parameters and an index of temporal stability (ITS). The soils are a gray–brown desert soil at the Linze station, an aeolian sandy soil at the Fukang station, and a brown desert soil at the Cele station. Soil textures are accordingly sandy loam at Linze and Cele, and loamy sand at Fukang. The dynamic variation in soil moisture depends strongly on the rainfall pattern (amount and frequency) in these desert ecosystems. Soil moisture content is low and significantly different among the three desert ecosystems, with the maximum at the Linze station (6.61 ± 2.08 %), followed by the Cele (4.83 ± 0.81 %) and Fukang (3.46 ± 0.47 %) stations. The temporal pattern exhibits high variability because soil moisture is characterized by low temporal stability and a high coefficient of variation (CV). The standard deviation, CV, and ITS increase significantly with increasing soil moisture. Soil moisture displays a skewed frequency distribution that follows a logarithmic function at lower soil moisture but a log-normal distribution at higher values.  相似文献   

火焰原子吸收法测定和计算误差的减小          下载免费PDF全文

温现明  谈晶  朱朝梁  祝增虎 《盐湖研究》2002,10(2):40-46

通过对火焰原子吸收法样品分析误差产生的各主要环节的分析和实验的验证 ,指出在盐湖资源开发过程产生的混合样品分析中 ,样品稀释倍数、光谱干扰、电离干扰和计算方法是影响结果准确性的主要因素 ,进一步提出了减小误差的办法 ,并给出了用Excel处理数据的示例表格和相应的VBA程序代码。  相似文献   

Windows终端在地震监测网络中的解决方案     

曾飞 《福建地震》2003,(3)

地震监测是一项对震情应急反映要快 ,系统网络安全性要求较高的工作 ,Windows终端就是建立在系统网络的基础上 ,以允许多个用户同时登录到一台服务器并运行服务器上应用的网络系统终端。它具有成本低 ,安全性好 ,解决网络阻塞能力强 ,应急反映速度快等优势。“Windows终端”的局域网模式是目前应用较为广泛 ,使用性能较好的一种网络连接方式。本文系作者在参加福建省地震局“1 0 5 - 0 3”十五重点项目中 ,对监测中心的台网监测网络系统建设的思考。目前我局新办公楼即将竣工 ,我监测中心新的办公写字间网络系统连接方式 ,选择“Windows终端”不失为一个较好的方案。  相似文献   

Multiwavelength Doppler factors for Fermi-detected gamma-ray loud blazars     

Hou-Dun Zeng  Li Zhang 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2011,11(4)

We collect a sample of 51 Fermi-detected gamma-ray loud blazars with known radio Doppler factors and study properties of the Doppler factors of blazars at optical,X-ray and gamma-ray bands.A basic assumption is that the emission from the radio to gamma-ray bands of the blazars are produced by the nonthermal radiation of accelerated particles in a jet.Our results show that (1) the Doppler factors of blazars are a function of frequency,with the Doppler factor decreasing with frequency from the radio to X-ray ...  相似文献   

Quasi-plane-hypothesis of strain coordination for RC beams seismically strengthened with externally-bonded or near-surface mounted fiber reinforced plastic     

Ren Zhenhua  Zeng Xiantao  Liu Hanlong  Zhou Fengjun 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2013,12(1):67-76

The application of fiber reinforced plastic(FRP),including carbon FRP and glass FRP,for structural repair and strengthening has grown due to their numerous advantages over conventional materials such as externally bonded reinforcement(EBR) and near-surface mounted(NSM) strengthening techniques.This paper summarizes the results from 21 reinforced concrete beams strengthened with different methods,including externally-bonded and near-surface mounted FRP,to study the strain coordination of the FRP and steel rebar of the RC beam.Since there is relative slipping between the RC beam and the FRP,the strain of the FRP and steel rebar of the RC beam satisfy the quasi-plane-hypothesis;that is,the strain of the longitudinal fiber that parallels the neutral axis of the plated beam within the scope of the effective height(h 0) of the cross section is in direct proportion to the distance from the fiber to the neutral axis.The strain of the FRP and steel rebar satisfies the equation:ε FRP =βε steel,and the value of β is equal to 1.1-1.3 according to the test results.  相似文献   

Sediment geochemical records of environmental change in Lake Wuliangsu, Yellow River Basin, north China     

Jinglu Wu  Long Ma  Hong Yu  Haiao Zeng  Wen Liu  Jilili Abuduwaili 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2013,50(2):245-255

We present a paleolimnological record from shallow Lake Wuliangsu in the Yellow River Basin, north China, using a short (56 cm) sediment core. Our objective was to investigate environmental changes in this semi-arid region over the past ~150 years. The sediment core was dated using ¹³⁷Cs and ²¹⁰Pb. We examined stratigraphic trends in core lithology, nutrients, stable isotopes (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) and trace element concentrations in the Lake Wuliangsu core to discern between natural sediments and those affected by human agency. A lithologic transition from yellow, coarse-grained sediment to grey, fined-grained sediment marked the lake’s formation about 1860. Until ~1950, sediments displayed relatively low and constant heavy metal concentrations, indicating little human influence. In the 1950s, enrichment factors (EFs) increased, reflecting greater impact of human activities. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in organic matter (OM), along with heavy metal concentrations, were used to infer past shifts in trophic state and identify pollutants that came from agriculture, industry and urbanization. In the late 1950s, the first evidence for environmental change is recorded by increases in total organic carbon (TOC), total organic nitrogen (TN), TOC/TN, EFs, δ¹³C and a decrease in δ¹⁵N. After about year 2000, a more rapid increase in trophic status occurred, as indicated by greater total phosphorus (TP), EFs, δ¹⁵N and lower δ¹³C values. Changes in isotope and TOC/TN values in the lake sediments may reflect a shift in lake ecology during this period. The first increase in trophic status during the late 1950s was mainly a result of agricultural development in the catchment. In contrast, the change after ca. AD 2000 was driven largely by urban and industrial development. Agreement between paleolimnologic data from Lake Wuliangsu, and both instrumental and written records, indicates that the lake sediments provide a reliable archive for investigating the formation and environmental history of the lake.  相似文献   

河南省产业关联效应研究     

柳坤  申玉铭  张旺  曾春水 《地域研究与开发》2013,32(1):29-34

运用2007年河南省和全国投入产出表基础数据,从纵横两个方面比较分析了河南省产业关联特征。研究结果表明:河南省农业前向、后向关联能力较强,基础地位突出;矿产资源采掘及加工业优势突出;制造业尤其是装备制造业辐射力不足,高端生产性服务业及公共服务业前向、后向关联效应较弱,服务消费不足;服务业增加值率较低,并且制造业对传统生产性服务业中间需求比重明显高于全国水平,而对高端生产性服务业的中间需求低于全国水平。  相似文献   

城乡差距的核心-边缘模型分析     

曾伟军 《地域研究与开发》2013,32(3)

将地区划分为城区和农村两区域系统,构建一个综合考虑城乡劳动力迁移、环境污染、农业生产效率、城乡贸易和公共服务基础设施建设等诸因素的核心-边缘模型,以深入系统地考察城乡差距问题,对于解决现有城乡问题有着重要的理论和现实意义.研究表明:劳动力向城区迁移有助于提高城镇和农村居民的生活效用水平,并缩小城乡差距;环境污染物排放对居民生活造成负面影响,生产活动的集聚对城乡差距的影响取决于污染的危害程度;倘若农业生产的环境影响较小,农业生产效率的提高可以缩小城乡差距;城乡间交通基础设施建设、城区交通及通信设施建设和产业集聚等将提高城镇居民效用水平,拉大城乡差距.  相似文献