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11.
Antarctic ecosystems are exposed to unique environmental characteristics resulting in communities structured both by biotic interactions such as predation and competition, as well as abiotic factors such as seasonality and ice‐scouring. It is important to understand how ecological factors may trigger chemical mechanisms in marine Antarctic organisms as a response for survival. However, very little is known yet about the evolution of chemical compounds in Antarctic organisms. Investigations in chemical ecology have demonstrated over the last several years that defensive metabolites have evolved in numerous representative Antarctic species. This contradicts earlier theories concerning biogeographic variation in predation and chemical defenses. As reviewed here, a number of interesting natural products have been isolated from Antarctic organisms. However, we believe many more are still to be discovered. Currently, many groups such as microorganisms, planktonic organisms and deep‐sea fauna remain almost totally unknown regarding their natural products. Furthermore, for many described compounds, ecological roles have yet to be evaluated. In fact, much of the research carried out to date has been conducted in the laboratory, and only in a few cases in an ecologically relevant context. Therefore, there is a need to extend the experiments to the field, as done in tropical and temperate marine ecosystems, or at least, to test the activity of the chemicals in natural conditions and ecologically meaningful interactions. Defense against predators is always one of the main topics when talking about the roles of natural products in species interactions, but many other interesting aspects, such as competition, chemoattraction, fouling avoidance and ultraviolet (UV) protection, also deserve further attention. In our opinion, challenging future developments are to be expected for Antarctic marine chemical ecology in the years to come. 相似文献
12.
碳酸盐岩表生岩溶与埋藏溶蚀比较——以塔北和塔中地区为例 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
表生岩溶与埋藏溶蚀是碳酸盐岩储层发育的最重要成岩作用,两者受岩石等内在因素的影响基本相同,但所受的外部主控因素差异显著。表生岩溶受构造不整合面、古构造等影响较大;埋藏溶蚀主要受断裂与深部流体控制。表生岩溶主要表现为垂向分带性明显的复杂孔洞缝网络结构,而埋藏溶蚀主要呈受断裂—裂隙控制的“V”形洞穴样式或与断裂有关的阶梯状分布。表生岩溶发育一些标型特征,如钙质壳,古土壤,铝土矿,淡红色方解石晶体,溶蚀沟、坑、天坑,新月形状、悬垂和纤维状渗滤砂或胶结物,岩溶角砾及与地下暗河有关的机械流水沉积;埋藏溶蚀往往发育与中低温热液有关的异形铁白云石、萤石、闪锌矿、磁黄铁矿等密西西比河谷型矿物以及塌陷构造、裂隙结构、不规则的角砾(化)岩体等。塔里木盆地塔北地区主要发育表生岩溶作用;塔中地区西北部不具备发育大规模表生岩溶的地质条件,以发育埋藏溶蚀作用为主。 相似文献