Sediment fingerprinting in fluvial systems： review of tracers,sediment sources and mixing models   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Arman HADDADCHI  Darren S. RYDER  Olivier EVRARD  Jon OLLEY 《国际泥沙研究》2013,28(4):560-578

Suspended sediments in fluvial systems originate from a myriad of diffuse and point sources, with the relative contribution from each source varying over time and space. The process of sediment fingerprinting focuses on developing methods that enable discrete sediment sources to be identified from a composite sample of suspended material. This review identifies existing methodological steps for sediment fingerprinting including fluvial and source sampling, and critically compares biogeochemical and physical tracers used in fingerprinting studies. Implications of applying different mixing models to the same source data are explored using data from 41 catchments across Europe, Africa, Australia, Asia, and North and South America. The application of seven commonly used mixing models to two case studies from the US （North Fork Broad River watershed） and France （Bldone watershed） with local and global （genetic algorithm） optimization methods identified all outputs remained in the acceptable range of error defined by the original authors. We propose future sediment fingerprinting studies use models that combine the best explanatory parameters provided by the modified Collins （using correction factors） and Hughes （relying on iterations involving all data, and not only their mean values） models with optimization using genetic algorithms to best predict the relative contribution of sediment sources to fluvial systems.  相似文献   

青藏公路黑马河试验段碎石垫层路基工程效果初步分析   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

李东庆  常法  张坤  房建宏  徐安花 《冰川冻土》2011,33(5):1081-1087

基于青藏公路黑马河试验段碎石垫层路基近1 a的温度、水分监测资料,初步分析了碎石垫层路基温度,水分的发展与分布特征以及造成这些差异的原因,并与传统的砂砾垫层比较.结果表明：碎石垫层加隔水土工布能够更好的削弱毛细水自下而上的迁移,起到了一定的隔水排水效果,对于防治季节性冻土路基冻胀病害具有积极作用.  相似文献   

利用蚂蚁追踪技术精细解释矿井地质构造   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

林承灏  郭立全  张卫  杨伐 《中国煤炭地质》2013,25(4)

蚂蚁追踪技术是目前三维地震资料解释中用于地质构造解释的方法之一.该技术是在地震资料进行预处理、及利用方差体技术、相干体技术等多种地震属性技术检测地震反射不连续性时,以蚁群优化算法为指导,实现断裂的自动解释.应用实例表明:利用蚂蚁追踪技术获得的属性体切片可以更直观的显示断裂痕迹,有效的指导断裂人工解释及三维断片自动提取、编辑等工作.  相似文献   

汶川8.0级地震对东部地震形势影响分析     

刘东旺  刘泽民  李发 《国际地震动态》2008,(11)

探讨了2008年5月12日发生的汶川(31°00′N,103°24′E)Ms8.0巨震对中国东部地区地震形势的影响.(1 中国大陆地震活动的动力主要来源于西南侧印度板块碰撞、东部太平洋板块俯冲和挤压以及东南部的菲律宾板块作用等,并在大陆内部形成了多条大的活动构造.这些板块之间、断裂之间的相互作用,决定了大陆内部地震活动呈现西强东弱,东西呼应的基本格局.  相似文献   

Data reporting norms for 40Ar/39Ar geochronology     

Paul R. Renne  Alan L. Deino  Willis E. Hames  Matthew T. Heizler  Sidney R. Hemming  Kip V. Hodges  Anthony A.P. Koppers  Darren F. Mark  Leah E. Morgan  David Phillips  Brad S. Singer  Brent D. Turrin  Igor M. Villa  Mike Villeneuve  Jan R. Wijbrans 《Quaternary Geochronology》2009,4(5):346-352

Data reported in ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar geochronology studies are commonly insufficient to allow computation of ages. This deficiency renders it difficult to compare ages based on different standards or constants, and often hinders critical evaluation of the results. Herein are presented an enumeration of the data that should be reported in all ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar studies, including a discussion in support of these requirements. The minimum required data are identified and distinguished from parameters that are useful but may be derived from them by calculation. Finally, recommendations are made for metadata needed to document age calculations (e.g., from age spectrum or isochron analyses).  相似文献   

加卸载响应比方法的空间扫描应用研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王琤琤  梅卫萍  王炜  杨彩霞  缪发军 《地震》2001,21(3):57-64

用基于构造应力场资料的加卸载响应比方法,通过应力场参数、最少样本量等多种参数的分区全时空扫描对比,全面总结了大华北地区1970～1999年5级以上地震前的中期和短期时间演化特征: 在最少样本为15时,震前2年左右在震中附近出现Y₃≥2的高值异常区,于震前1年收缩、甚至消失,并常常在震前6个月左右时在震中处出现小范围的高值异常。预报效能R评分为0.3～0.5, P评分为0.4～0.6。研究结果还显示, 4级左右的中等地震前也存在Y₃的高值异常。  相似文献   

应用流体包裹体研究油气成藏期次—以柴达木盆地南八仙油田系三系储层为例   总被引：45，自引：3，他引：42  

高先志  陈发景 《地学前缘》2000,7(4):548-554

储层中的流体包裹体是储层成岩过程被自考矿物晶格所捕获而形成的油气水包裹体,它们记录了油气水充注储层时的组成,性质以及物理化学条件。不同自生矿物或不同期次的胶结矿物捕获的包裹体,其组成和物理化学性质不同,这些特征是油气藏形成演化历史的直接标志,柴达木盆地南八仙油田是一个侏罗系生烃、第三系储集的成藏系统,文章通过包裹体类型、成岩矿物期次、烃类包裹体成分以及均一化温度和盐度等分析,证明南八仙油田上第三系与下第三系有着不同的油气注入和成藏期次：下第三系的油气藏为两期充注的结果,而上第三系油气藏则主要为一期成藏。结合区域构造演化史以及南八仙第三系埋藏史和古地温资料推断,南八仙油田下第三系油气藏形成的地质时期为渐新世和上新世,上第三系油气藏的地质时期为上新世。  相似文献   

Editor's note     

David Cooper  Rod Hine  Darren Bellerby  Peter Ghiringhelli 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1995,229(1):163-167

  相似文献   

青海盐湖锂资源开发现状及对提锂产业发展建议   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0  

邓小川  朱朝梁  史一飞  樊洁  樊发英  卿彬菊  张毅  张文丁  杨佳亓  李阳阳 《盐湖研究》2018,26(4):11-18

中国正处在环境污染治理和产业结构调整的关键时期,发展新能源产业是应对能源和环境危机的必然选择;同时,锂资源储备和提锂技术直接影响到国家能源战略安全。中国科学院青海盐湖所经过二十年开发,目前已形成一套成熟的选择性离子迁移分离提锂技术,并经过了产业化和工业应用验证,核心技术达到国际领先水平。该产业化具有绿色、高效、低能耗、低物耗、低产品成本、高纯度等特点,技术通用性好,可推广应用到青海、西藏高海拔生态脆弱地区以及南美玻利维亚、阿根廷、智利等高镁锂比盐湖中锂的分离提取,在高钙镁地热水、油(气)田水提锂方面也有一定的应用潜力。  相似文献   

Interaction between Cr(VI) and a Fe-rich soil in the presence of oxalic and tartaric acids     

Jie Wen Yang  Rong Fa Guo  Sheng Qi Chen  Lan Tao Li 《Environmental Geology》2008,53(7):1529-1533

This study examined the interaction between Cr(VI) and a Fe-rich soil in the presence of low-molecular-weight organic acids as a function of pH. Oxalic and tartaric acids were chosen since they existed in soils commonly. Batch experiments showed that adsorption of Cr(VI) by the soil within the pH range examined was inhibited in the presence of oxalic acid, which was more pronounced when the initial ratio of [oxalic acid]/[Cr(VI)] was raised from 1:1 to 2:1. With the addition of tartaric acid, concentration of Cr(VI) in equilibrium solutions was far less than that of single adsorbate system across the pH wide (2.5–5.5), which was noticeable especially at low pH. The results were attributed to Cr(VI) adsorption and, particularly, the soil surface catalyzed reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) by tartaric acid. The data reported in this paper suggested that the mobility, the bioavailability, and the toxicity of Cr(VI) in soil environments might be greatly affected by pH, the presence and nature of low-weight-molecular organic acids (oxalic and tartaric acids).  相似文献