Correction to: Observation of a Flare and Filament Eruption in Lyman- α $\alpha $ on 8 September 2011 by the PRoject for OnBoard Autonomy/Large Yield Radiometer (PROBA2/LYRA)     

Wauters  L.  Dominique  M.  Milligan  R.  Dammasch  I. E.  Kretzschmar  M.  Machol  J. 《Solar physics》2022,297(3):1-22

In most of the solar cycles, activity in the northern and southern hemispheres peaks at different times. One hemisphere peaks well before the other, and at least one of the hemispheric maxima frequently does not coincide with the whole sphere maximum. Prediction of the maximum of a hemisphere and the corresponding north–south asymmetry of a solar cycle may help to understand the mechanisms of the solar cycle, the solar-terrestrial relationship, and solar-activity influences on space weather. Here we analysed the sunspot-group data from the Greenwich Photoheliographic Results (GPR) during 1874?–?1976 and Debrecen Photoheliographic Data (DPD) during 1977?–?2017 and studied the cycle-to-cycle variations in the values of 13-month smoothed monthly mean sunspot-group area in the whole sphere (WSGA), northern hemisphere (NSGA), and southern hemisphere (SSGA) at the epochs of maxima of Sunspot Cycles 12?–?24 and at the epochs of maxima of WSGA, NSGA, and SSGA Cycles 12?–?24 (note that solar-cycle variation of a parameter is expressed as a cycle of that parameter). The cosine fits to the values of WSGA, NSGA, and SSGA at the maxima of sunspot, WSGA, NSGA, and SSGA Cycles 12?–?24, and to the values of the corresponding north–south asymmetry, suggest the existence of a ≈132-year periodicity in the activity of the northern hemisphere, a 54?–?66-year periodicity in the activity of the southern hemisphere, and a 50?–?66 year periodicity in the north–south asymmetry in activity at all the aforementioned epochs. By extrapolating the best-fit cosine curves we predicted the amplitudes and the corresponding north–south asymmetry of the 25th WSGA, NSGA, and SSGA cycles. We find that on average Solar Cycle 25 in sunspot-group area would be to some extent smaller than Solar Cycle 24 in sunspot-group area. However, by inputting the predicted amplitudes of the 25th WSGA, NSGA, and SSGA cycles relationship between sunspot-group area and sunspot number we find that the amplitude (\(130\pm 12\)) of Sunspot Cycle 25 would be slightly larger than that of reasonably small Sunspot Cycle 24. Still it confirms that the beginning of the upcoming Gleissberg cycle would take place around Solar Cycle 25. We also find that except at the maximum of NSGA Cycle 25 where the strength of activity in the northern hemisphere would be dominant, the strength of activity in the southern hemisphere would be dominant at the maximum epochs of the 25th sunspot, WSGA, and SSGA cycles.

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First palaeomagnetic dating of ferricrete in New Caledonia: new insight on the morphogenesis and palaeoweathering of ‘Grande Terre’     

Brice Sevin  Caroline Ricordel‐Prognon  Florence Quesnel  Dominique Cluzel  Stéphane Lesimple  Pierre Maurizot 《地学学报》2012,24(1):77-85

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Radio observations of Comet 9P/Tempel 1 before and after Deep Impact     

Nicolas Biver  Dominique Bockelée-Morvan  Jacques Crovisier  Alain Lecacheux  Gabriel Paubert  Matthew Sumner  Åke Hjalmarson  Anders Winnberg  Aage Sandqvist 《Icarus》2007,187(1):253-271

Comet 9P/Tempel 1 was the target of a multi-wavelength worldwide investigation in 2005. The NASA Deep Impact mission reached the comet on 4.24 July 2005, delivering a 370-kg impactor which hit the comet at 10.3 km s⁻¹. Following this impact, a cloud of gas and dust was excavated from the comet nucleus. The comet was observed in 2005 prior to and after the impact, at 18-cm wavelength with the Nançay radio telescope, in the millimeter range with the IRAM and CSO radio telescopes, and at 557 GHz with the Odin satellite. OH observations at Nançay provided a 4-month monitoring of the outgassing of the comet from March to June, followed by the observation of H₂O with Odin from June to August 2005. The peak of outgassing was found to be around between May and July. Observations conducted with the IRAM 30-m radio telescope in May and July 2005 resulted in detections of HCN, CH₃OH and H₂S with classical abundances relative to water (0.12, 2.7 and 0.5%, respectively). In addition, a variation of the HCN production rate with a period of 1.73±0.10 days was observed in May 2005, consistent with the 1.7-day rotation period of the nucleus. The phase of these variations, as well as those of CN seen in July by Jehin et al. [Jehin, E., Manfroid, J., Hutsemékers, D., Cochran, A.L., Arpigny, C., Jackson, W.M., Rauer, H., Schulz, R., Zucconi, J.-M., 2006. Astrophys. J. 641, L145-L148], is consistent with a rotation period of the nucleus of 1.715 days and a strong variation of the outgassing activity by a factor 3 from minimum to maximum. This also implies that the impact took place on the rising phase of the “natural” outgassing which reached its maximum ≈4 h after the impact. Post-impact observations at IRAM and CSO did not reveal a significant change of the outgassing rates and relative abundances, with the exception of CH₃OH which may have been more abundant by up to one order of magnitude in the ejecta. Most other variations are linked to the intrinsic variability of the comet. The Odin satellite monitored nearly continuously the H₂O line at 557 GHz during the 38 h following the impact on the 4th of July, in addition to weekly monitoring. Once the periodic variations related to the nucleus rotation are removed, a small increase of outgassing related to the impact is present, which corresponds to the release of ≈5000±2000 tons of water. Two other bursts of activity, also observed at other wavelengths, were seen on 23 June and 7 July; they correspond to even larger releases of gas.  相似文献   

In situ measurements of oxygen isotopic composition in deep-sea coral, Lophelia pertusa: Re-examination of the current geochemical models of biomineralization     

Claire Rollion-Bard  Dominique Blamart  Yannicke Dauphin 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2010,74(4):1338-173

We present ion microprobe measurements of oxygen isotopic compositions in the deep-sea coral Lophelia pertusa. Compared to bulk skeletal aragonite fibres, the EMZ (early mineralization zone), near the inside of the calyx, was systematically depleted in ¹⁸O. Rayleigh fractionation from a semi-closed fluid reservoir does not explain this and other geochemical differences. Furthermore, pH values estimated from skeletal δ¹¹B data are inconsistent with the idea that EMZ (or centres of calcification) ¹⁸O depletion reflects a more alkaline calcification environment. Our data, combined with microstructural and geochemical observations, indicate that the aragonitic fibres and EMZ are formed by a compartmentalized mineralization calicoblastic ectoderm, which exerts strong biological control on the composition of the skeleton. Hence, we propose a new model whereby amorphous calcium carbonates (ACC) are precursors to the EMZ, whereas the fibre precipitation is probably governed by kinetic processes.  相似文献   

A late Triassic 40Ar/39Ar age for the El Hammam high-REE fluorite deposit (Morocco): mineralization related to the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province?     

Alain Cheilletz  Dominique Gasquet  Fouad Filali  Douglas A. Archibald  Massimo Nespolo 《Mineralium Deposita》2010,45(4):323-329

El Hammam is the only fluorite mine in Morocco (production 100,000 t/year). The fluorite mineralization is in an array of fluorite–calcite veins and is characterized by unusually high REE content in carbonate minerals (1,400 ppm in calcite; up to 2,000 ppm in siderite) and in fluorite (about 600 ppm). Since the 1960s, the genesis of the deposit has been attributed to a mesothermal hydrothermal event connected with late-Variscan granitic intrusions. Precise ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating of hydrothermal K-feldspar yields an age of formation of the El Hammam deposit at 205 ± 1 Ma. Its genesis is therefore associated in time and space with the development of the Triassic–Jurassic basins and the associated anorogenic continental flood basalts of the Moroccan Mesetian Middle Atlas. The source of the hydrothermal mineralization (magmatic and/or metamorphic) is discussed.  相似文献   

Geochemical characteristics of the Río Verde Complex,Central Hispaniola: Implications for the paleotectonic reconstruction of the Lower Cretaceous Caribbean island-arc     

Javier Escuder-Viruete  Andrés Pérez-Estaún  Dominique Weis  Richard Friedman 《Lithos》2010,114(1-2):168-185

New geochronological, trace element and Sr–Nd isotope data for metabasalts, dolerites and amphibolites from the Río Verde Complex, Central Hispaniola, are integrated with existing geochemical data for mafic volcanic rocks and metamorphic derivatives from the Los Ranchos, Amina and Maimón Formations, giving new insights into magma petrogenesis and paleotectonic reconstruction of the Lower Cretaceous Caribbean island-arc–back arc system. U–Pb and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age data show that the Río Verde Complex protoliths were in part coeval with volcanic rocks of the Los Ranchos Formation (Upper Aptian to Lower Albian). The geochemical data establish the existence of gradients in trace element parameters (Nb/Yb, Th/Yb, Zr/Yb, Zr/Ba, and normalized Ti, Sm, Y and Yb abundances) and Nd isotope compositions from throughout Hispaniola, which reflect differences in the degree of mantle wedge depletion and contributions from the subducting slab. The Río Verde Complex mafic rocks and some mafic sills and dykes intruding in the Loma Caribe Peridotite, have a transitional IAT to N-MORB geochemistry and a weak subduction-related signature, and are interpreted to form in a rifted arc or evolving back-arc basin setting. The Los Ranchos, Amina and Maimón Formations volcanic rocks have arc-like characteristics and represent magmatism in the volcanic front. Trace element and Nd isotope modeling reproduce observed data trends from arc to back-arc and suggest that the variations in several geochemical parameters observed in a SW direction across the Caribbean subduction system can be explained from the progressively lower subduction flux into a progressively less depleted mantle source. The low Nb contents and high (ε_Nd)_i values in both arc and back-arc mafic rocks imply, however, the absence of a significant Lower Cretaceous plume enriched component. In order to explain these observations, a model of proto-Caribbean oceanic lithosphere subducting to the SW at least in the 120–110 Ma interval, is proposed to cause the observed magmatic variations in the Lower Cretaceous Caribbean island-arc–back-arc system. In this context, arc rifting and initial sea-floor spreading to form the Río Verde Complex protoliths occurred in the back-arc setting of this primitive island-arc, built on the NE edge of the Caribbean plate.  相似文献   

A model-based evaluation of Marine Protected Areas: the example of eastern Baltic cod (Gadus morhua callarias L.)     

Kraus  Gerd; Pelletier  Dominique; Dubreuil  Julien; Mollmann  Christian; Hinrichsen  Hans-Harald; Bastardie  Francois; Vermard  Youen; Mahevas  Stephanie 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2009,66(1):109-121

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Relationships between field-aligned currents and convection observed by EISCAT and implications concerning the mechanism that produces region-2 currents: Statistical study     

Christophe Peymirat  Dominique Fontaine 《Annales Geophysicae》1994,12(4):304-315

Fluid theories explain the origin of region-2 field-aligned currents as the closure of the ring current, driven itself by the azimuthal pressure gradients generated in the magnetospheric ring plasma by the sunward convection. Although the structure of pressure gradients appears experimentally complex, observations confirm that a close connection exists between the region-2 field-aligned currents and the ring current. The fluid linear theory of the adiabatic transport by convection of the ring plasma gives a first estimate of this process, and leads ultimately to phase quadrature (in terms of magnetic local time) between the region-2 field-aligned currents and the convection potential. When significant non-adiabatic processes are taken into account, such as precipitations at auroral latitudes, the theoretical phase difference rotates toward opposition. We determine experimentally the phase relationship between the region-2 field-aligned currents and the convection potential from recent statistics, depending on the magnetic activity index K_p, and performed from the EISCAT data base. For geometrical reasons of sufficient probing of region 2, it is only computed in the case of a moderate magnetic activity corresponding to 2\leqK_p<4. Region-2 field-aligned currents are found to be in phase opposition with the convection electrostatic potential at auroral latitudes. This confirms the importance of non adiabatic processes, especially ion losses, in the generation of region-2 field-aligned currents, as theoretically suggested.  相似文献   

Contribution of the 3-D visualization of acoustic borehole signals (full waveforms) to a quick formation evaluation     

Andr Rousseau  Dominique Jeantet 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》1994,31(1-4)

Logging and continuous coring are carried out when drilling and looking for materials such as gravels, sand, and clay or in order to evaluate the fracture state of a deep site intended for waste storage. However, in some cases of non-consolidated formations, the results may be disappointing because of the borehole conditions. Full waveforms, as seismic signals, provide information about physical parameters of the grounds crossed by the sonic tool, and this information is almost independent of borehole conditions. Traditional displays in variable area or density show the wave arrival times and the frequencies with depth; for variable density, a color scale permits to see clustered instantaneous phases.In order to determine precisely and simultaneously the three signal parameters (arrival time, frequency, and amplitude) in the depth-propagation time domain, a 3-D visualization software has been developed. The “view” parameters, which give a nice display of the 3-D→2-D projection of the signals in a parallel perspectives relative to depth, are estimated on the monitor screen in an interactive way. A larger size version of the software is available for displaying in detail the acoustic signals for the whole borehole. However, this program needs a large computer, and the maximum size of the drawing depends on the computer memory available for use.The comparison between traditional and 3-D displays shows that without previous preprocessing, the 3-D visualization (1) shows the very small and continuous variations of amplitude (and, therefore, of attenuation) with depth better; and (2) can bring out interferences and “energetic peaks” by simply changing the “view” parameters. As the attenuation of the different waves is directly determined, fresh zones can be distinguished immediately from fracture zones and hard ground from soft ground. The geometry of major fracturing can be deduced directly from graphical representation; i.e. open or closed, and horizontal or oblique fractures. The calculation of their “vertical thickness” is straightfoward. Microfractures, induced by drilling or otherwise, are not detected, but microfractured rocks are detectable.  相似文献   

Present-day deformation of the French northwestern Alps/southern Jura mountains: comparison between historical triangulations     

François Jouanne  Gilles Ménard  Dominique Jault 《Geophysical Journal International》1994,119(1):151-165

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