中国西南地区冻雨灾害特征分析与评估   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王玥彤  李栋梁 《冰川冻土》2017,39(5):967-978

利用1961-2015年中国西南地区96个气象台站逐日气象观测资料,采用模糊信息分配法分析了我国西南地区出现冻雨天气时有利气象要素的变化规律。选取气温、湿度及日照时间确定了西南地区冻雨天气判断的评估标准：日平均气温≤ 2℃,日最高气温≤ 8℃,日最低气温≤ 0℃,相对湿度≥ 80%,日照时间≤ 1 h。通过重建发现发生冻雨的天数在11月-次年3月间呈现单峰型变化,其季节内冻雨日数的演变规律是少~多~少,每年的1月冻雨日数最多。经检验上述指标可用于重建西南地区各站点冻雨强度指数,并由此评估了西南地区冻雨灾害的时空分布状况。四川盆地南缘、云贵高原大部,以及湖南省东部地区冻雨指数大,表明该区域遭受冻雨灾害严重;青藏高原、川西高原地区气温虽低,但相对湿度小,日照时间长,均不满足冻雨条件,因此发生冻雨灾害的风险小。近年来我国西南地区冻雨强度总体呈现减弱的趋势。  相似文献   

基于MTM-SVD方法的黄河流域夏季降水年际变化及其主要影响因子分析   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

王春学  李栋梁 《大气科学》2012,36(4):823-834

应用中国气象台站积雪日数资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料以及多锥度—奇异值分解方法 (MTM-SVD),分析了近50年来黄河流域夏季降水的时空变化及其影响因子.发现黄河流域夏季降水存在显著的2～3年周期.在准3年周期上黄河流域夏季降水对前冬青藏高原东部积雪日数有很好的响应,当前冬高原积雪日数以正 (负) 异常为主时,接下来的夏季黄河流域降水偏少 (多).这种响应存在年代际变化,在1983年之前最为明显,1983~1993年是个调整时期,1993年以后又开始明显.在准2年周期上黄河流域夏季降水对前冬西太平洋暖池SST有很好的响应,当前冬西太平洋暖池SST偏高 (低) 时,接下来的夏季黄河流域降水表现为东多 (少)西少 (多) 型.这一响应同样存在年代际变化.前冬高原积雪和西太平洋暖池SST是影响黄河流域夏季降水的重要因子.  相似文献   

Cenozoic Stratigraphy Deformation History in the Central and Eastern of Qaidam Basin by the Balance Section Restoration and its Implication     

LIU Dongliang  FANG Xiaomin  GAO Junping  WANG Yadong  ZHANG Weilin  MIAO Yunfa  LIU Yongqian  ZHANG Yuezhong Center of Basin Resources  Environment 《《地质学报》英文版》2009,83(2)

The Qaidam Basin,located in the northern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,is a large Mesozoic-Cenozoic basin,and bears huge thick Cenozoic strata.The geologic events of the Indian-Eurasian plate-plate collision since～55 Ma have been well recorded.Based on the latest progress in high-resolution stratigraphy,a technique of balanced section was applied to six pieces of northeast-southwest geologic seismic profiles in the central and eastern of the Qaidam Basin to reconstruct the crustal shortening deform...  相似文献   

Cenozoic Stratigraphy Deformation History in the Central and Eastern of Qaidam Basin by the Balance Section Restoration and its Implication   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

LIU Dongliang  FANG Xiaomin  GAO Junping  WANG Yadong  ZHANG Weilin  MIAO Yunf  LIU Yongqian  ZHANG Yuezhong 《《地质学报》英文版》2009,83(2):359-371

The Qaidam Basin, located in the northern margin of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, is a large Mesozoic–Cenozoic basin, and bears huge thick Cenozoic strata. The geologic events of the Indian-Eurasian plate–plate collision since ~55 Ma have been well recorded. Based on the latest progress in high-resolution stratigraphy, a technique of balanced section was applied to six pieces of northeast–southwest geologic seismic profiles in the central and eastern of the Qaidam Basin to reconstruct the crustal shortening deformation history during the Cenozoic collision. The results show that the Qaidam Basin began to shorten deformation nearly synchronous to the early collision, manifesting as a weak compression, the deformation increased significantly during the Middle and Late Eocene, and then weakened slightly and began to accelerate rapidly since the Late Miocene, especially since the Quaternary, reflecting this powerful compressional deformation and rapid uplift of the northern Tibetan Plateau around the Qaidam Basin.  相似文献   

The research on typhoon wave spectrum in northwestern South China Sea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hongyuan Shi  Xuefeng Cao  Xianhua Wen  Maochong Shi  Dongliang Zhao  Peifang Guo 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2017,16(1):8-14

Based upon the one-year wind wave measurement data, collected from the South China Sea (SCS) at coordinates 20° 36.298′N, 110°45.433′E. by Acoustic Wave And Current (AWAC), we analyzed the wave characteristics and concluded that the most common wave direction was E and the second most common direction was ENE, the mean and the maximum values of significant height was 1.2 m and 4.36 m, respectively. The mean period was 4.0 s. We also evaluated the wave spectrums under conditions existing in three typhoons: Rumbi, Jeti and Utor. We found that unimodal spectrums occurred more often than others, and the maximum spectrum peak was 30.7911 m² s. The minimum peak frequency was 0.0625 Hz, and the mean peak frequency was 0.126 Hz. The wave period is important for the design of marine structures, especially the position of peak frequency had a great influence on the stress calculation. Spectral analysis showed that the values of peak frequency distributed between 0.063 Hz and 0.217 Hz, with the mean value 0.114 Hz. We fit the normalized spectrum with 6 theoretical spectral models, out of which, the Wen spectrum, JONSWAP spectrum and Wallops spectrum were proved to give the best fit. What distinguished the Wen Spectrum from the rest was that it does not rely on the measured spectrum for parameter estimation. Hence, we recommend that the Wen spectrum should be widely used in marine construction.  相似文献   

青海湖水面蒸发量变化的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

时兴合  李生辰  安迪  李栋梁  苏忠诚 《气候与环境研究》2010,15(6):787-796

利用青海湖区1958～2007年气象、水文站的观测资料和江西沟、刚察沙柳河2个站20cm口径蒸发皿与E-601型蒸发量的对比观测资料,计算了月、季、年蒸发量,并应用气候诊断方法分析了蒸发量的年代际变化规律及其突变特征。结果表明:青海湖区4～9月20cm口径蒸发皿湖水与淡水蒸发量的折算系数在0.91～0.97之间,5～9月E-601型与20cm口径蒸发皿蒸发量的折算系数在0.70～0.78之间,同期的蒸发量与温度、湿度、风速等因素关系密切。青海湖年蒸发量呈逐步减少的趋势,但其变化存在明显的阶段性。1958～1963年、1977～1981年、1998～2004年蒸发量增加,1964～1976年、1982～1997年、2005～2007年蒸发量减少。青海湖年蒸发量每25年发生一次突变,20世纪60、80年代蒸发量表现出不稳定,70、90年代是年蒸发量的相对平稳时段。青海湖降水量增多是导致蒸发量减少的最主要的原因之一。  相似文献   

包含“开关”变量的MM5四维变分资料同化系统   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

王栋梁  沈桐立 《气象科学》2003,23(4):426-434

数值模式中的湿物理过程对于模拟各种尺度的天气现象非常重要,但它会使得模式方程的状态变量不连续,这种不连续在模式程序中表现为“开关”变量。本文对包括Kuo降水参数化方案的非静力中尺度数值模式MM5的四维变分资料同化系统进行研究,利用对实际降水的模拟,比较详细地讨论了有关的“开关”变量以及切向线性化和伴随问题。结果表明：对于一个离散的数值模式,保持“开关”变量与基态一致,用伴随码方法构造的伴随模式计算的梯度值能够为最小化过程提供较好的下降方向;Kuo方案中对流每隔一个积分步的交替发生并不影响目标函数最小化的收敛速度;“开关”变量的存在也不影响将风、温度、气压和比湿结合起来同化对MM5降水预报准确性的提高。  相似文献   

中国大陆OLR与西北夏季降水   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

李栋梁 《气象学报》1992,50(3):355-359

中国西北地域辽阔,地形复杂。该区内大部分地方属干旱、半干旱气候区,降水量的时空分布差异很大。为研究这种差异性,作者曾将西北地区夏季(6—8月)降水总量作了EOF分解,指出西北夏季降水总量与热带太平洋海温及ENSO事件关系密切;蒋尚城等用9年NOAA卫星观测的OLR资料对长江流域地区夏季雨量进行的估算、徐国昌等用OLR对夏季青藏高原月雨量及凝结潜热的估算,均得到较好的结果。这些研究表明,OLR与大陆夏季降水量存在着与热带海洋上一样好的关系。由于西北夏季雨量集中,6—8月降水量占全年雨量的一半以上。OLR通过云的变化与降水量之间必然存在较好的相关性。  相似文献   

西藏泽当蛇绿岩壳层火山熔岩的岩石地球化学及成因   总被引：3，自引：4，他引：3  

韦栋梁  夏斌  周国庆  王冉 《大地构造与成矿学》2004,28(3):270-278

泽当蛇绿岩位于雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带东段 ,对其壳层火山熔岩的研究表明 ,该熔岩属亚碱性玄武岩 ,岩石化学上表现为低Si、Mg ,高Al、Na的特征 ;稀土分布型式表现为LREE微富集 ,HREE平缓 ,不具有Eu负异常 ;Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等高场强元素较为富集 ,反映出泽当蛇绿岩的形成并未受到俯冲作用的影响。通过对其构造环境的判别 ,得出泽当蛇绿岩形成于边缘洋盆环境 ,由于印度板块向北推进 ,使边缘海盆俯冲消亡 ,而蛇绿岩被构造侵位到如今的位置上。  相似文献   

Effects of sunspot cycle length and CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> on air temperature along Qinghai-Xizang railway and air temperature’s trend prediction     

Dongliang Li  Hui Guo  Wen Wang  Li Wei 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2004,47(1):131-141

There are well coherences between annual averaged air temperatures at every meteorological station along the Qinghai-Xizang railway, and its 10-year moving average correlation coefficient is 0.92. Thus, the regional averaged annual mean temperature series along the Qinghai-Xizang railway (T_rw) from 1935 to 2000 are constructed. The investigation is suggested that: T_rw had significant responses to the 5-year lagged sunspot cycle length (SCL) and 15-year lagged concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂), and the correlation coefficients between them are -0.76 (SCL) and 0.88 (CO₂), respectively. The future SCL is predicted by the model of average generated function constructed with its main cycles of 76a, 93a, 108a, 205a and 275a. The result shows that the SCL would be becoming longer in the first half of the 21st century, and then it could be becoming shorter in the second half of the 21st century. Based on the natural change of SCL and the effect of double CO₂ concentration, inrw in the 21st century is forecasted. It could warm up about 0.50°C in the first half of the 21st century compared with the last decade of last century. The mean maximum air temperature could be likely about 0.20°C in July and from 0.40°C to 1.10°C in January. The annual air temperature difference would likely reduce 0.3–1.00°C. The probability of above predictions ranges from 0.64 to 0.73.  相似文献