中国渤海地区海底地震观测的初步研究          下载免费PDF全文

冯德益  市川政治  松本英照  陈金林  吴国有 《地震工程学报》1988,10(3):98-123

本文是在日本造船振兴财团的经费赞助下在中国渤海地区发展海底地震观测的初步技术报告。本报告主要包括以下内容: (1) 渤海及其邻近地区的地震活动性与地震危险性估计; (2) 渤海地区海底地震观测的条件; (3) 渤海地区海底地震观测仪器与技术的某些初步研究结果; (4) 浅海情况下海底地震观测噪声的模拟实验研究结果。文中研究了该地区的历史与现代地震活动性、长期地震危险性以及发生在华北与日本的大地震之间的关系。还讨论了渤海强震和海啸对渤海及其邻近海域航海的影响问题。在这些研究结果的基础上对在渤海地区开展海底地震观测的必要性进行了解释。本文探讨了在渤海地区进行海底地震观测的某些仪器和技术问题。天津市地震局曾在渤海地区石油平台的油井中作过初步地震观测试验。日本气象厅气象研究所发展的海底地震观测中有关降低噪声与信号传输等方面的新技术与经验可用于渤海地区的海底地震观测。在这些研究的基础上,提出了一个在中国渤海地区发展渤海地震观测的初步设想。指出渤海海底地震观测试验应从观测和研究渤海海底海洋噪声谱开始。为了研究浅海情况下海底地震观测的噪声,本文完成了一项新的模拟试验工作。分别对海面源及海内源产生的噪声进行了实验研究。文中给出了一些重要实验结果。本文所得的初步结果,对发展渤海及邻近地区海底地震观测有一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

Sequencing Batch Experiments with activated Sludge Consuming Glucose and Phenol     

V. A. Vavilin  A. Endo  J. Matsumoto 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1987,15(6):665-668

During the rather short solids retention time θ = 1.25 d phenol is not utilized by activated sludge and only glucose is consumed during the sequencing batch experiments. After glucose consumption the residual COD concentration (COD = 820 mg/l) is represented mainly by the phenol concentration. During the rather long solids retention time θ = 8 d phenol is consumed by activated sludge as well as glucose. In this case the residual COD concentration is much smaller (COD = 46 mg/l) and the ratio BOD₅/COD = 0.1 is small, too. The general model of biological treatment suggested by one the authors earlier can describe the sequencing batch experimental data rather well.  相似文献   

Computational model of the structural and elastic properties of the ilmenite and perovskite phases of MgSiO3     

Masanori Matsui  Masaki Akaogi  Takeo Matsumoto 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1987,14(2):101-106

The structural and elastic properties of the ilmenite and perovskite phases of MgSiO₃ are investigated with a computational model based on energy minimization. The potential energies of these two crystals are approximated by the sum of Coulomb, van der Waals, and repulsion terms between atoms. Required energy parameters are derived by fitting the parameters to the observed crystal structures of these two phases as well as to the measured elastic constants of the ilmenite phase. The resulting potential model is applied to predicting the elastic constants of the perovskite phase. The calculated bulk modulus of the perovskite phase compares favorably with the data obtained from volume-compression experiments as well as the values estimated from empirical elasticity systematics of perovskite type compounds. The predicted shear modulus of the perovskite phase is also in reasonable agreement with the values proposed from similar empirical elasticity systematics. Subsequently, the model is used to simulate the high pressure behaviors of the crystal structures and elastic constants of these two phases.  相似文献   

Partitioning of elements between majorite garnet and melt and implications for petrogenesis of komatiite   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

Eiji Ohtani  Iwao Kawabe  Junko Moriyama  Yoshihiko Nagata 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1989,103(3):263-269

Partitioning of elements between majorite garnet and ultrabasic melt has been studied at 16 GPa and 1950° C. Ca, Ti, La, Sm, Gd, Zr, Hf, Fe, Ni, Mn, K, and Na are enriched in the melt, whereas Al, Cr, V, Sc and Yb are concentrated in majorite garnet. Thus, majorite garnet fractionation by partial melting could produce chemical heterogeneities in these elements deviating from chondritic abundance. Using the partitioning behaviour of elements between majorite garnet and ultrabasic melt, the petrogenesis of komatiite is discussed. A simple model to explain the chemical varieties of komatiites is as follows. Aluminadepleted komatiite was generated by partial melting of the primitive mantle at 200–650 km depth, and alumina-enriched komatiite is the product of remelting of the residual solid at the same depths, whereas alumina-undepleted komatiite was formed by partial melting of the primitive upper mantle at depths shallower than 200 km. We suggest the possibility of large-scale chemical layering or heterogeneity in the early Archean upper mantle as an alternative model for komatiite genesis; shallower mantle depleted in majorite garnet and the underlying mantle enriched in majorite garnet. Alumina-depleted and alumina-enriched komatiites in the early Archean might be generated by a high degree of partial melting of the layered mantle. Such chemical layering could have been homogenized by the late Archean. This explains the observations that alumina-depleted and alumina-enriched komatiites were generally formed in the early Archean but alumina-undepleted komatiite was erupted in the late Archean.  相似文献   

Wind fluctuations near a cold vortex-tropopause funnel system observed by the MU radar     

Shoichiro Fukao  Manabu D. Yamanaka  Hiromasa Matsumoto  Toru Sato  Toshitaka Tsuda  Susumu Kato 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1989,130(2-3):463-479

Vertical and temporal variations of three-dimensional wind velocity associated with an upper-tropospheric cold vortex-tropopause funnel system were observed by an MST radar in Japan (the MU radar). Marked changes of vertical velocity and horizontal wind direction were found between the inside and outside of the cold vortex. The vertical velocity activity outside the vortex was asymmetric; it was most active in a sector before the vortex. Unsaturated internal gravity waves in their generation stage contribute predominantly to the vertical velocity activity, suggesting that tropospheric occluded cyclones may be a possible source of middle-atmospheric gravity waves through the geostrophic adjustment process.  相似文献   

Internal gravity wave selection in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere observed by the MU radar: Preliminary results     

Manabu D. Yamanaka  Shoichiro Fukao  Hiromasa Matsumoto  Toru Sato  Toshitaka Tsuda  Susumu Kato 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1989,130(2-3):481-495

Marked wavelike variations of the lower stratospheric wind observed on 7–10 May, 1985 by an MST radar in Japan (by the MU radar) are analyzed assuming that they are induced by monochromatic internal inertio-gravity waves. These variations are mainly composed of two modes (periods: 22 and 24 hours), both of which have zonal phase velocities (C _X ) slower than the mean westerly wind (). A statistical analysis of the zonal phase velocity shows thatC _X above andC _X below the tropopause jet stream, which is considered to be a vivid proof of wave selection due to the tropospheric mean flow and upward wave emission from the tropopause jet. A comparison between the MU radar results and routine meteorological observations leads to the conclusion that the marked waves appear when the jet stream takes a maximum wind speed.  相似文献   

On the similarity in atmospheric fluctuations of carbon dioxide,water vapor and temperature over vegetated fields   总被引：6，自引：5，他引：6  

Eiji Ohtaki 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1985,32(1):25-37

This paper describes the similarity between atmospheric fluctuations of carbon dioxide, water vapor and temperature using data which cover a wide range of instability (0.02 < < 10). The is the Monin-Obukhov stability parameter including the humidity effect.The spectral analysis shows that the coherency between fluctuations of carbon dioxide and water vapor or temperature is very close to unity, and the phase difference is basically out of phase for whole frequency ranges analyzed. The stability dependence of the normalized standard deviation of carbon dioxide is very similar to those of water vapor and temperature. The normalized standard deviation is about 2.5 under near neutral conditions, and it decreases with increasing instability following the -1/3; power law as (-)^-1/3. The skewness factors of carbon dioxide, water vapor and temperature show a systematic departure with increasing instabilities for 0.02 < s- < 1, and level off at high instabilities for 1 < -\s < 10. The stability dependence of the flatness factors is not so clear as that noted in the standrard deviation and skewness factors. Dissipation rates of carbon dioxide, water vapor and temperature variance are well related to the spectral peak wavelength. This seems to be real since the local production and local dissipation rates are the main terms, almost balancing one another in the variance budget equations for scalar entities.  相似文献   

Occurrence of 3-hydroxy acids in microalgae and cyanobacteria and their geochemical significance     

Genki I. Matsumoto  Hideyuki Nagashima 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1984,48(8):1683-1687

3-Hydroxy acids were detected in pure cultured microalgae: Chlorophyta—Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Rhodophyta—Cyanidium caldarium (two strains), and cyanobacteria (Cyanophyta)—Anacystis nidulans, Phormidium foveolarum, Anabaena variabilis and Oscillatoria sp. Normal and branched (iso and anteiso) 3-hydroxy acids in the ranges of C₈-C₂₆ were found in all the samples studied at concentrations ranging from 0.036 to 2.3 and 0.000 to 0.12 mg g^?1 of dry sample, respectively. The major constituents were generally even-carbon numbered normal acids with carbon chain lengths below C₂₀. Microalgae and cyanobacteria may be the important sources of 3-hydroxy acids in natural environments.  相似文献   

A liquid helium cooled mid-infrared imaging Fabry-Perot spectrometer     

H. Watarai  K. Chaen  H. Matsuhara  T. Matsumoto  H. Takahashi 《Experimental Astronomy》1994,3(1-4):179-180

A liquid helium cooled mid-infrared imaging Fabry-Perot spectrometer has been under development. A Si:P 5×5 detector array is used for this instrument. Although the array system has small format, but combination with JFET array will provide noise equivalent line flux of 1.0×10^-21 W/cm ² (1000sec, 10). This sensitivity is comparable with the SWS of the ISO.  相似文献   

发泡颗粒混合轻量土及其原位力学性质   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

徐光黎  小玉荣二  坂手道明 《水文地质工程地质》2003,(Z1)

发泡颗粒混合轻量土是轻量土中的一种,根据需要,可以通过调整发泡颗粒和土的比例来控制混合土的物理、力学性质。本文介绍了发泡颗粒混合轻量土在高速公路桥梁上的另一应用新技术。为了尽量减小隧道开挖的弃碴对桥墩产生的不利影响,在桥墩周围填筑发泡颗粒混合轻量土,以保持原设计桥梁的结构、强度和变形性能。原位试验结果表明,发泡颗粒混合轻量土易于变形,且可极大地减小土的静止土压力,因而可以减小隧道弃碴对桥墩的影响。它作为缓冲材料的应用是成功的,其效果明显。  相似文献