Killing Carp (Cyprinus carpio) as a Volunteer Practice: implications for community involvement in invasive species management and policy     

Jennifer Atchison  Leah Gibbs  Eli Taylor 《The Australian geographer》2017,48(3):333-348

Community engagement is understood to be one of the keys to successful environmental programs—‘the social pillar’ of management. In this paper we examine community engagement where volunteers participate by killing invasive animals. Most research to date focuses on the biological or management implications of volunteer efforts for the invasive species, with little attention to the people involved or the social acceptability of killing animals in this context. Here, we report on a survey and participant observations of community fishing events in south-eastern Australia, where volunteers fish for and kill carp (Cyprinus carpio). We examine who takes part in these events, their motivations for being involved and the implications for ongoing community engagement. Survey respondents were predominantly well-educated Australian-born men, motivated to fish by a desire to spend time in nature. However, we also noted a strong response from overseas-born men with different motivations. Our survey elicited complex responses regarding killing, illustrating contradictory, sometimes conflicted experiences, which jar with personal motivations. The implications are that questions of ethics must extend to the human volunteers, and that more direct communication of program outcomes and the proposed benefits for volunteers be more rigorously assessed. We argue that invasive species management must contend with the experiences of volunteers, otherwise meaningful dialogue and program objectives risk being undermined.  相似文献   

An adaptive Markov chain algorithm applied over map-matching of vehicle trip GPS data     

Bilge Kaan Karamete  Louai Adhami  Eli Glaser 《地球空间信息科学学报》2021,24(3):484-497

Markov chains have frequently been applied to match the probable routes with a set of GPS trip data that a pilot vehicle is emitting over a specific graph road network. This class of map- matching (MM) algorithms presently demonstrates and involve statistical and ad-hoc measures to drive the Markov chain transitional probabilities in picking the best route combinations constrained over the graph road network. In this study, we have devised an adaptive scheme to modify the Markov Chain (MC) kernel window as we move along the GPS samples to reduce the mistakes that can happen by the use of narrower MC widths. The measure for temporarily increasing the MC window width is chosen to be the ratio between the geodesic distance of current route to the actual geodesic distance between each pair of GPS samples. This adaptive use of MC has shown to have hardened the results significantly with tolerable computational cost increase. The details of the overall algorithm are depicted by the example routes extracted from various vehicle trips and the results are shown to validate the usefulness of the algorithm in practice.  相似文献   

The trade-off between density and other objectives: A re-examination of planning norms     

Dr. Eli Borukhov 《GeoJournal》1978,2(1):71-80

Residential density (dwelling units per area) affects the quality of life in urban environments in many direct and indirect ways. Determining the optimal level of density requires in each case, balancing all the relevant factors and influences, and should depend on the preferences of the potential residents and their financial resources. A residential neighborhood has many characteristics. Usually people trade off one characteristic against another. For instance: people can trade off density against cost or accessibility against space. The aim of good planning is to find the combination of characteristics that will give maximum level of satisfaction to the residents of a neighbourhood subject to the limitations of their budgets. Density standards should, therefore, be adapted to the preferences of the potential residents and their preferred compromise between the various attributes of their environment. To make things more complicated, the concept of density has many definitions, and different definitions are relevant when analysing the various effects of density. It seems that people do not perceive the gross residential density as it is measured, but are influenced by variables such as set-back distances, the percentage of building coverage and the like. Evidence is cited from an investigation in Kiryat-Gat which suggests that the perception of density is affected by other factors except the density itself. If people do not perceive the density as such but are affected by other factors, then modification of these factors is very important. If planners are to design neighborhoods according to the residents' preferences, they should have quantitative estimates of the residents' relative evaluation of these characteristics, including possible savings in the price of housing. The problems of investigating residential preferences are discussed, and examples of studies addressed to these questions are described.  相似文献   

Long-lasting Cadomian magmatic activity along an active northern Gondwana margin: U–Pb zircon and Sr–Nd isotopic evidence from the Brunovistulian Domain,eastern Bohemian Massif     

Soejono  Igor  Janoušek  Vojtěch  Žáčková  Eliška  Sláma  Jiří  Konopásek  Jiří  Machek  Matěj  Hanžl  Pavel 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2017,106(6):2109-2129

International Journal of Earth Sciences - Cadomian magmatic complexes of the Brunovistulian Domain crop out at the eastern termination of the Bohemian Massif. However, the age, nature and...  相似文献   

富氯造岩矿物中溴的分子结构     

Yuanming Pan  Ning Chen  Jianfeng Zhu  Neelege Hopps  Eli Wiens  Jinru Lin 《地学前缘》2020,27(5):10-13

卤族元素诸如氯和溴作为地球化学示踪剂,常用于指示岩浆、变质岩和热液的来源和演化过程。而认清溴在造岩矿物中的形态和结构有助于丰富和完善其在地质环境演变中的示踪作用。但是,溴在造岩矿物中的含量极低导致大多数结构分析方法都无法使用,因此造岩矿物中微量溴的结构研究极具挑战性。本文采用 ⁸¹Br魔角旋转核磁共振(MAS NMR)光谱和同步辐射吸收光谱(XAS)技术,首次对富氯造岩矿物中的微量溴进行了结构分析。结果表明溴离子在方硼石中的微区结构不同于该矿物中三配位Cl原子的结构环境,而与Mg₃B₇O₁₃Br中八面体配位的溴离子相似,表明即使在微量条件下也存在域偏析。而对其他富氯造岩矿物的Br K边X光吸收近边结构(XANES)光谱白线峰的位置和扩展X射线吸收精细结构(EXAFS)分析表明微量溴离子替代了这些矿物中氯的位置,导致局部结构扭曲膨胀。溴离子在造岩矿物中的这一微观结构研究结果可为探索氯和溴在地质演变过程的指示作用提供新的科学依据。  相似文献