Water-table and discharge changes associated with the 2016–2017 seismic sequence in central Italy: hydrogeological data and a conceptual model for fractured carbonate aquifers     

Petitta  Marco  Mastrorillo  Lucia  Preziosi  Elisabetta  Banzato  Francesca  Barberio  Marino Domenico  Billi  Andrea  Cambi  Costanza  De Luca  Gaetano  Di Carlo  Giuseppe  Di Curzio  Diego  Di Salvo  Cristina  Nanni  Torquato  Palpacelli  Stefano  Rusi  Sergio  Saroli  Michele  Tallini  Marco  Tazioli  Alberto  Valigi  Daniela  Vivalda  Paola  Doglioni  Carlo 《Hydrogeology Journal》2018,26(4):1009-1026

A seismic sequence in central Italy from August 2016 to January 2017 affected groundwater dynamics in fractured carbonate aquifers. Changes in spring discharge, water-table position, and streamflow were recorded for several months following nine Mw 5.0–6.5 seismic events. Data from 22 measurement sites, located within 100 km of the epicentral zones, were analyzed. The intensity of the induced changes were correlated with seismic magnitude and distance to epicenters. The additional post-seismic discharge from rivers and springs was found to be higher than 9 m³/s, totaling more than 0.1 km³ of groundwater release over 6 months. This huge and unexpected contribution increased streamflow in narrow mountainous valleys to previously unmeasured peak values. Analogously to the L’Aquila 2009 post-earthquake phenomenon, these hydrogeological changes might reflect an increase of bulk hydraulic conductivity at the aquifer scale, which would increase hydraulic heads in the discharge zones and lower them in some recharge areas. The observed changes may also be partly due to other mechanisms, such as shaking and/or squeezing effects related to intense subsidence in the core of the affected area, where effects had maximum extent, or breaching of hydraulic barriers.

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Marbles and carbonate rocks from central Morocco: a petrographic,mineralogical and geochemical study     

Francesca Origlia  Elisabetta Gliozzo  Anna Gandin  Marco Meccheri  Jorge E. Spangenberg  Isabella Turbanti Memmi 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,66(1):209-222

Petrographic, mineralogical, and stable isotopes (δ¹³C, δ¹⁸O values) compositions were used to characterise marbles and sedimentary carbonate rocks from central Morocco, which are considered to be a likely source of ornamental and building material from Roman time to the present day. This new data set was used in the frame of an archaeometric provenance study on Roman artefacts from the town of Thamusida (Kenitra, north Morocco), to assess the potential employment of these rocks for the manufacture of the archaeological materials. A representative set of samples from marbles and other carbonate rocks (limestone, dolostone) were collected in several quarries and outcrops in the Moroccan Meseta, in a region extending from the Meknes–Khenifra alignment to the Atlantic Ocean. All the samples were studied using a petrographic, mineralogical and geochemical methods. The petrographic and minerological investigations (optical microscopy, electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction) allowed to group the carbonate rocks in limestones, foliated limestone, diagenetic breccias and dolostone. The limestones could be further grouped as mudstones, wackestones–packstones, crinoid grainstones, oolitic grainstone and floatstones. Textural differences allowed to define marbles varieties. The stable carbon and oxygen isotope composition proved to be quite useful in the discrimination of marble sources, with apparently less discriminatory potential for carbonate rocks.  相似文献   

Impact cratering in H2O‐bearing targets on Mars: Thermal field under craters as starting conditions for hydrothermal activity     

Boris A. IVANOV  Elisabetta PIERAZZO 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2011,46(4):601-619

Abstract– We present a case modeling study of impact crater formation in H₂O‐bearing targets. The main goal of this work was to investigate the postimpact thermal state of the rock layers modified in the formation of hypervelocity impact craters. We present model results for a target consisting of a mixture of H₂O‐ice and rock, assuming an ice/water content variable with depth. Our model results, combined with results from previous work using dry targets, indicate that for craters larger than about 30 km in diameter, the onset of postimpact hydrothermal circulation is characterized by two stages: first, the formation of a mostly dry, hot central uplift followed by water beginning to flow in and circulate through the initially dry and hot uplifted crustal rocks. The postimpact thermal field in the periphery of the crater is dependent on crater size: in midsize craters, 30–50 km in diameter, crater walls are not strongly heated in the impact event, and even though ice present in the rock may initially be heated enough to melt, overall temperatures in the rock remain below melting, undermining the development of a crater‐wide hydrothermal circulation. In large craters (with diameters more than 100 km or so), the region underneath the crater floor and walls is heated well above the melting point of ice, thus facilitating the onset of an extended hydrothermal circulation. These results provide preliminary constraints in characterizing the many water‐related features, both morphologic and spectroscopic, that high‐resolution images of Mars are now detecting within many Martian craters.  相似文献   

Organic waste impact of capture-based Atlantic bluefin tuna aquaculture at an exposed site in the Mediterranean Sea     

Luigi Vezzulli  Mariapaola Moreno  Valentina Marin  Elisabetta Pezzati  Marco Bartoli  Mauro Fabiano 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

A variety of pelagic and benthic parameters were measured at an aquaculture farm used for the fattening of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) which is located at an exposed site (700 m from the coast, average bottom depth of 45 m and average current speed of 6 cm s⁻¹) in the Mediterranean Sea. The objective was to test whether modern off-shore tuna fattening industries can exert a sustainable organic waste impact on the receiving environment as has been reported for the offshore culture of more traditional Mediterranean species such as sparids. In the water column, the concentration of phytopigments, organic matter, heterotrophic bacteria and the taxonomic abundance of mesozooplankton (at the species level) were assessed. In the sediment, we assessed the concentration of reduced sulphur pools, phytopigments, organic matter, heterotrophic bacteria and the taxonomic abundance of meiofauna (at the taxa level) and nematodes (at the genus level). For most parameters, we found no substantial differences between farm and control sites. Deviations of farm values from control values, when they occurred, were small and did not indicate any significant impact on either the pelagic and benthic environment. Deviations were more apparent in the benthic compartment where lower redox potential values, higher bacterial production rates and a change in nematode genus composition pointed out to early changes in the sediment's metabolism. In addition, indigenous potential pathogenic bacteria showed higher concentration at the fish farm stations and were a warning of an undesirable event that may become established following aquaculture practice in oligotrophic environments. The overall data from this study provide extensive experimental evidence to support the sustainability of modern offshore farming technology in minimizing the hypertrophic-dystrophic risks associated with the rapidly-expanding tuna-fattening industry in the Mediterranean Sea.  相似文献   

Regionalization and dependence of coda Q on frequency and lapse time in the seismically active Peloritani region (northeastern Sicily,Italy)     

Elisabetta Giampiccolo  Tiziana Tuvè 《Journal of Seismology》2018,22(4):1059-1074

The Peloritani region is one of the most seismically active regions in Italy and, consequently, the quantification of attenuation of the medium plays an important role for seismic risk evaluation. Moreover, it is necessary for the prediction of earth ground motion and future seismic source studies. An in depth analysis has been made here to understand the frequency and lapse time dependence of attenuation characteristics of the region by using the coda of local earthquakes. A regionalization is likewise performed in order to investigate the spatial variation of coda Q across the whole region. Finally, our results are jointly interpreted with those obtained from recently published 3D velocity tomographies for further insights.  相似文献