全文获取类型
收费全文 | 117篇 |
免费 | 2篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 5篇 |
大气科学 | 4篇 |
地球物理 | 45篇 |
地质学 | 38篇 |
海洋学 | 5篇 |
天文学 | 3篇 |
综合类 | 1篇 |
自然地理 | 20篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 1篇 |
2021年 | 3篇 |
2020年 | 4篇 |
2019年 | 3篇 |
2018年 | 5篇 |
2017年 | 4篇 |
2016年 | 7篇 |
2015年 | 7篇 |
2014年 | 3篇 |
2013年 | 5篇 |
2012年 | 10篇 |
2011年 | 3篇 |
2010年 | 3篇 |
2009年 | 5篇 |
2008年 | 9篇 |
2007年 | 3篇 |
2006年 | 3篇 |
2005年 | 1篇 |
2004年 | 1篇 |
2003年 | 4篇 |
2002年 | 2篇 |
2001年 | 1篇 |
1999年 | 1篇 |
1998年 | 1篇 |
1995年 | 2篇 |
1994年 | 1篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
1958年 | 2篇 |
1957年 | 1篇 |
1952年 | 1篇 |
1951年 | 1篇 |
1950年 | 1篇 |
1943年 | 1篇 |
1940年 | 1篇 |
1924年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有121条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
101.
This paper evaluates the renaturation activities applying the quantification of vegetation cover (VC), the site suitability analysis (SSA) based on the predefined criteria (slope steepness category (SSC), soil erodibility factor (K) and VC) and soil erosion model (SEM) results within the terrain units (TUs) along pipeline rights-of-way (RoW). Quantification of VC percentage is performed to assess the overall restored VC from 2005 to 2007. The results of the quantitative analysis in 2007 show that the total area of restored VC is 10.7 km2, and 8.9 km2 still needs to be restored to comply with the environmental acceptance criteria. As a result of SSA, TUs were prioritized by erosion vulnerability and this allowed to better understand the landscape behaviour in regards to erosion processes. SEM provided more detailed predictions of erosion classes falling into TUs. SEM identified 40% of erosion sites occurred from 2005 to 2010. 相似文献
102.
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) for assessment of qualitative classification of Norway spruce in temperate forest stands 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
AbstractThe study investigates the potential of UAV-based remote sensing technique for monitoring of Norway spruce health condition in the affected forest areas. The objectives are: (1) to test the applicability of UAV visible an near-infrared (VNIR) and geometrical data based on Z values of point dense cloud (PDC) raster to separate forest species and dead trees in the study area; (2) to explore the relationship between UAV VNIR data and individual spruce health indicators from field sampling; and (3) to explore the possibility of the qualitative classification of spruce health indicators. Analysis based on NDVI and PDC raster was successfully applied for separation of spruce and silver fir, and for identification of dead tree category. Separation between common beech and fir was distinguished by the object-oriented image analysis. NDVI was able to identify the presence of key indicators of spruce health, such as mechanical damage on stems and stem resin exudation linked to honey fungus infestation, while stem damage by peeling was identified at the significance margin. The results contributed to improving separation of coniferous (spruce and fir) tree species based on VNIR and PDC raster UAV data, and newly demonstrated the potential of NDVI for qualitative classification of spruce trees. The proposed methodology can be applicable for monitoring of spruce health condition in the local forest sites. 相似文献
103.
Pavla Kováříková Wolfgang Siebel Emil Jelínek Miroslav Štemprok Václav Kachlík František V. Holub Vratislav Blecha 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2010,99(3):545-565
Mafic and intermediate intrusions occur in the Slavkovsky les as dykes, sills and minor tabular bodies emplaced in metamorphic
rocks or enclosed in late Variscan granites near the SW contact of the Western Krušné hory/Erzgebirge granite pluton. They
are similar in composition and textures to the redwitzites defined in NE Bavaria. Single zircon Pb-evaporation analyses constrain
the age of a quartz monzodiorite at 323.4 ± 4.4 Ma and of a granodiorite at 326.1 ± 5.6 Ma. The P–T range of magma crystallization is estimated at ~1.4–2.2 kbar and ~730–870°C and it accords with a shallow intrusion level
of late Variscan granites but provides lower crystallization temperatures compared to the Bavarian redwitzites. We explain
the heterogeneous composition of dioritic intrusions in the Slavkovsky les by mixing between mafic and felsic magmas with
a minor effect of fractional crystallization. Increased K, Ba, Rb, Sr and REE contents compared to tholeiitic basalts suggest
that the parental mafic magma was probably produced by melting of a metasomatised mantle, the melts being close to lamprophyre
or alkali basalt composition. Diorites and granodiorites originated from mixed magmas derived by addition of about 25–35 and
50 vol.%, respectively, of the acid end-member (granite) to lamprophyre or alkali-basalt magma. Our data stress an important
role of mafic magmas in the origin of late Variscan granitoids in NW Bohemian Massif and emphasize the effect of mantle metasomatism
on the origin of K-rich mafic igneous rocks. 相似文献
104.
Jaromír Ulrych Emil Jelínek Zdeněk Řanda Felicity E. Lloyd Kadosa Balogh Ernst Hegner Jiří K. Novák 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2010,70(4):319-333
High-Ti melanephelinite (3.8–5.9 wt% TiO2), medium-Ti (phono)tephrite (2.7–3.1 wt% TiO2), and low-Ti olivine melanephelinite/basanite (1.9–2.3 wt.% TiO2) are subordinate rock types in the central European Cenozoic Volcanic Province. A contrasting melanephelinite to (phono)tephrite series occurs in the Lou?ná–Oberwiesenthal Volcanic Centre (37–28 Ma) and also as satellite volcanic bodies (26–12 Ma) together with olivine melanephelinite/basanite (17–20 Ma) on the southwestern periphery of the Kru?né hory mountains (Erzgebirge). The volcanic rocks intrude the Variscan basement of the uplifted shoulder of the Oh?e/Eger Rift in the Kru?né hory mountains of the Bohemian Massif. Low Mg# (44–59) and Cr, Ni contents and enrichment of LILE, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, U, Th and LREE in the high-Ti melanephelinites contrast with the composition of primitive low-Ti olivine melanephelinites/basanites displaying high Mg# (63–74) and high contents of compatible elements. The high-Ti melanephelinites reveal a wide range in initial 87Sr/86Sr of ca. 0.7034–0.7038 and εNd of 2.4–4.9. The low-Ti melanephelinites show an overlapping range of initial 87Sr/86Sr of ca. 0.7035–0.7036 and εNd of 4.3–5.5. The large variation in initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios at similar εNd values in those rock types is interpreted as evidence for melting of metasomatized lithospheric mantle sources comprising K-bearing phases with radiogenic Sr. Modification of the olivine-free alkali basaltic magmas by differentiation or crustal contamination could give rise to the medium-Ti (phono) tephrites. The initial isotope ratios of all samples are consistent with HIMU-mantle sources and contributions from lithospheric mantle. The olivine-free melanephelinitic rocks often contain alkali pyroxenite–ijolite xenoliths with initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios of ca. 0.7036 and εNd of 3.0. We interpret these xenoliths as samples of an intra-crustal alkali complex derived from similar mantle sources as those for the basaltic volcanic rocks. 相似文献
105.
Stranded gas is natural gas in discovered fields that is currently not commercially producible for either physical or economic
reasons. This study examines stranded gas from Russia and Central Asia and the role it can play in addressing Europe’s growing
demand for imported natural gas requiring additional volumes of gas in excess of 130 trillion cubic feet. We find sufficient volumes of stranded gas in fields in the Central
Asian state of Turkmenistan in the Amu-Darya Basin and in Russian fields in the West Siberian Basin. The analysis focused
on the estimated cost of extraction and delivery to a single market location for various concentrations of gas in stranded
gas fields in Central Asia and Russia. At import prices of 10 per million British thermal units (MMBTU), there are sufficient gas resources in stranded fields that can be commercially developed and delivered to the European market. If, however, imported gas prices fall below10 per million British thermal units (MMBTU), there are sufficient
gas resources in stranded fields that can be commercially developed and delivered to the European market. If, however, imported
gas prices fall below 7 per MMBTU, most of the stranded gas evaluated from West Siberia will not be commercial. The costs
of delivering gas from the largest stranded gas fields in Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan were calculated to be greater than 30%
below the costs of delivering gas from the largest stranded gas fields in Russia, which are located in the Yamal Peninsula.
Central Asian gas producers, particularly those east of the Caspian Sea, have limited market options due to the near monopoly
position that Gazprom holds in transporting pipeline gas from east of Europe. This study examines several additional options
to supply gas to Europe by reviewing expected delivered costs from North African and Atlantic basin suppliers. 相似文献
106.
107.
This study develops confidence intervals for estimates of inferred oil and gas reserves based on bootstrap procedures. Inferred reserves are expected additions to proved reserves in previously discovered conventional oil and gas fields. Estimates of inferred reserves accounted for 65% of the total oil and 34% of the total gas assessed in the U.S. Geological Survey's 1995 National Assessment of oil and gas in US onshore and State offshore areas. When the same computational methods used in the 1995 Assessment are applied to more recent data, the 80-year (from 1997 through 2076) inferred reserve estimates for pre-1997 discoveries located in the lower 48 onshore and state offshore areas amounted to a total of 39.7 billion barrels of oil (BBO) and 293 trillion cubic feet (TCF) of gas. The 90% confidence interval about the oil estimate derived from the bootstrap approach is 22.4 BBO to 69.5 BBO. The comparable 90% confidence interval for the inferred gas reserve estimate is 217 TCF to 413 TCF. The 90% confidence interval describes the uncertainty that should be attached to the estimates. It also provides a basis for developing scenarios to explore the implications for energy policy analysis. 相似文献
108.
109.
110.
Emil Lehmann 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1951,2(5):383-412
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献