GG Tau: the ringworld and beyond     

Anne?DutreyEmail author  Emmanuel?Di Folco  Tracy?Beck  Stéphane?Guilloteau 《Astronomy and Astrophysics Review》2016,24(1):5

In binary stellar systems, exoplanet searches have revealed planetary mass companions orbiting both in circumstellar and in circumbinary orbits. Modelling studies suggest increased dynamical complexity around the young stars that form such systems. Circumstellar and circumbinary disks likely exhibit different physical conditions for planet formation, which also depends on the stellar separation. Although binaries and higher order multiple stars are relatively common in nearby star-forming regions, surprisingly few systems with circumbinary distributions of proto-planetary material have been found. With its spectacular ring of dust and gas encircling the central triple star, one such system, GG Tau A, has become a unique laboratory for investigating the physics of circumsystem gas and dust evolution. We review here its physical properties.  相似文献   

Evolution of depositional settings in the Torrey area during the Smithian (Early Triassic,Utah, USA) and their significance for the biotic recovery     

Nicolas Olivier  Arnaud Brayard  Emmanuelle Vennin  Gilles Escarguel  Emmanuel Fara  Kevin G. Bylund  James F. Jenks  Gwnaël Caravaca  Daniel A. Stephen 《Geological Journal》2016,51(4):600-626

This work focuses on well‐exposed Lower Triassic sedimentary rocks in the area of Torrey (south‐central Utah, USA). The studied Smithian 8 deposits record a large‐scale third‐order sea‐level cycle, which permits a detailed reconstruction of the evolution of depositional settings. During the middle Smithian, peritidal microbial limestones associated with a rather low‐diversity benthic fauna were deposited seaward of the tidal flat siliciclastic red beds. Associated with siliceous sponges, microbial limestones formed small m‐scale patch reefs. During the late middle to late Smithian interval, the sedimentary system is characterized by tidal flat dolostones of an interior platform, ooid‐bioclastic deposits of a tide‐dominated shoal complex, and mid‐shelf bioclastic limestones. Microbial deposits, corresponding to sparse stromatolites formed in the interior platform, are contemporaneous with a well‐diversified marine fauna living in a seaward shoal complex and mid‐shelf area. The nature and distribution of these Smithian microbial deposits are not related to any particular deleterious environmental condition, highlighting that observed patterns of biotic recovery after the end‐Permian mass extinction were directly influenced by depositional settings. Facies evolution and stratal stacking patterns allow us to identify large, medium and small‐scale, as well as elementary depositional sequences. Large‐ and medium‐scale sequences are consistent with sea‐level changes, whereas small‐scale and elementary sequences are better explained by autocyclic processes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The F4 tornado of August 3, 2008, in Northern France: Case study of a tornadic storm in a low CAPE environment     

Emmanuel Wesolek  Pierre Mahieu 《Atmospheric Research》2011,100(4):649-656

A strong tornado hit seven cities of northern France in the late evening of Sunday, 3 August 2008, causing severe damage along its 19 km path from Pont-sur-Sambre to Boussois. Three people were killed in the collapse of their house and 18 were injured. More than 1000 houses were damaged and several thousand trees were uprooted or fallen down.The authors led a damage survey in the hours that followed the disaster, then investigated this case, in order to determine the characteristics of this tornado precisely and to better understand the conditions that led to its formation. Weather radar analysis shows that the convective cell that gave rise to the tornado took on a fairly pronounced S-shaped structure, with a persistent mesocyclone in the central part of the convective system. The synoptic and mesoscale pattern associated with this severe storm was very dynamic, and characterized by a coupling between a low-level jet and a highly divergent jet-stream. The authors have reconstructed a vertical profile for this case study, in order to describe the tornadic environment precisely. The reconstructed profile reveals two main elements, namely an environment having a very modest vertical instability on one hand, and the presence of intense wind shear, notably in the lowest layers of the atmosphere on the other hand. This conclusion is supported by the analysis of many instability and shear parameters.  相似文献   

Analysis and mapping of geochemical anomalies using logratio-transformed stream sediment data with censored values   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Emmanuel John M. Carranza 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2011

There is lack of research and documentation of actual (as opposed to theoretical) benefits (e.g., mineral deposit discovery) of developments in compositional data analysis and imputation of censored values to mineral exploration geochemistry. In the present study, analyses of logratio- and ln-transformed stream sediment geochemical data containing ca. 30% of samples with censored values of a pathfinder element for the mineral deposit-type of interest yielded the following findings. Exclusion of those samples supports interpretation of multi-element anomalies reflecting the presence of mineralization. However, the multi-element anomaly maps obtained by exclusion of those samples are barely better than the multi-element anomaly maps derived by inclusion of those samples after replacing the censored values with 1/2 of detection limit or with imputed values. Logratio (i.e., alr, clr, or ilr) transformation, compared to ln-transformation, of stream sediment geochemical data does not improve mapping of pathfinder element anomalies reflecting the presence of mineralization. However, stream sediment geochemical data, excluding or including censored values (replaced with 1/2 of detection limit or with imputed values), should be clr- or ilr-transformed to enhance recognition of anomalous multi-element associations reflecting the presence of mineralization. The anomaly maps of multi-element associations derived from ilr-transformed data are better, albeit slightly, than the anomaly maps of multi-element associations derived from clr-transformed data. In the present study, the main benefit of either clr- or ilr-transformation, compared to either ln- or alr-transformation, of stream sediment geochemical data is the enhancement of anomalous multi-element associations reflecting the presence of mineralization. This is an important benefit because variations in trace element concentrations in regional-scale stream sediment geochemical data are mostly due to lithology and other factors (or processes) unrelated to mineralization. Further investigations of various exploration geochemical data are needed to demonstrate and document the actual (as opposed to theoretical) benefits of developments in compositional data analysis and imputation of censored values to mineral exploration.  相似文献   

Hydrological and geotechnical investigations of mass movements in an equatorial city (Yaoundé, Cameroon)     

Benjamin Ngounou Ngatcha  Georges Emmanuel Ekodeck  Mamba Mpele  Perpétue Espérance Ntana 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,62(8):1733-1747

In the present study, mass movements (landslide and mudslide) bound to a gully located at Mendong, a suburb of Yaoundé in Cameroon were examined using hydrological, geotechnical and geomorphological observations. The data indicate that water is an important causative factor of mass movements in the area studied. In fact, the water flow (waste water and runoff) provokes the saturation of materials at the slope foot. These materials lose their mechanical qualities and some deep ruptures generate landslide. During the rainy season, when the cumulative rainfall is more than 200 mm, these landslides are accompanied by mudslides that generate disturbances on the infrastructure situated around the gully and farther downstream. The economic and environmental damages resulting from the Mendong mass movements are considerable, such as degradation of the topography, losses in farm land, transportation and downstream sedimentation in a pond situated at the slope foot, loss of life and damage to the economy. All this calls for a multidisciplinary and integrated approach to hazard assessment and risk mitigation, which included data collection and interpretation, growing public and authority awareness, and preventing or reducing runoff and waste water flows by proper management and drainage.  相似文献   

Trophic ecology of mullets during their spring migration in a European saltmarsh: A stable isotope study     

Benoit Lebreton  Pierre Richard  Emmanuel P. Parlier  Gaël Guillou  Grard F. Blanchard 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011,91(4):106

  相似文献   

Spectroscopic investigation and theoretical modeling of kaolinite-group minerals and other low-temperature phases     

Etienne Balan  Emmanuel Fritsch  Thierry Allard  Guillaume Morin  Maxime Guillaumet  Simon Delattre  Marc Blanchard  Georges Calas 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2011,343(2-3):177-187

This article summarizes some recent results obtained on the physical properties of environmental minerals, mostly kaolinite-group minerals and Fe- and Al-(hydr)oxides occurring in lateritic soils. The defective structure of these minerals, including impurities, stacking faults and radiation-induced defects, is probed using infrared spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance. Resulting information bears on models of soil formation and transformation mechanisms of minerals in low-temperature environments. We underline the increasing impact of quantum chemical modeling in this field, providing straightforward interpretations of spectroscopic signals and overcoming the limits of fingerprint approaches. Importantly, the first-principles modeling of isotopic fractionation factors provides new links between mineralogical and geochemical investigations of secondary minerals.  相似文献   

Characterization of Secondary Native Selenium in the Yutangba Se Deposit,Western Hubei,China     

Jiajun Liu  Ye Cao  Emmanuel John M. Carranza  Caixia Feng  Degao Zhai  Jianping Wang  Jingxian Li 《Resource Geology》2014,64(3):271-281

Secondary native Se minerals that are appreciably coarser grained and vary morphologically than primary native Se minerals were observed in the abandoned dumps of the No. 3 and No. 4 orebodies of the Yutangba Se deposit, western Hubei Province, China. The secondary native Se minerals exhibit three crystal forms, namely prismatic, tabular, and granular. Based on geochemical and mineralogical data, the secondary native Se minerals are interpreted to have resulted from natural oxidation of selenide minerals in the primary Se ores, or from vaporization of Se caused by burning of “stone coal” (a highly carbonaceous mudstone) during the production of lime. The occurrence of secondary native Se minerals in the deposit would be helpful not only to further study on mineralogy, ore geochemistry and environmental geochemistry of Se, but also to improve the technology of reclaiming Se from the black rock series.  相似文献   

Influence of tropical cyclones on sea surface temperature seasonal cycle and ocean heat transport     

Emmanuel M. Vincent  Gurvan Madec  Matthieu Lengaigne  Jérôme Vialard  Ariane Koch-Larrouy 《Climate Dynamics》2013,41(7-8):2019-2038

Recent studies suggested that tropical cyclones (TCs) contribute significantly to the meridional oceanic heat transport by injecting heat into the subsurface through mixing. Here, we estimate the long-term oceanic impact of TCs by inserting realistic wind vortices along observed TCs tracks in a 1/2° resolution ocean general circulation model over the 1978–2007 period. Warming of TCs’ cold wakes results in a positive heat flux into the ocean (oceanic heat uptake; OHU) of ~480 TW, consistent with most recent estimates. However, ~2/5 of this OHU only compensates the heat extraction by the TCs winds during their passage. Another ~2/5 of this OHU is injected in the seasonal thermocline and hence released back to the atmosphere during the following winter. Because of zonal compensations and equatorward transport, only one-tenth of the OHU is actually exported poleward (46 TW), resulting in a marginal maximum contribution of TCs to the poleward ocean heat transport. Other usually neglected TC-related processes however impact the ocean mean state. The residual Ekman pumping associated with TCs results in a sea-level drop (rise) in the core (northern and southern flanks) of TC-basins that expand westward into the whole basin as a result of planetary wave propagation. More importantly, TC-induced mixing and air-sea fluxes cool the surface in TC-basins during summer, while the re-emergence of subsurface warm anomalies warms it during winter. This leads to a ~10 % reduction of the sea surface temperature seasonal cycle within TCs basins, which may impact the climate system.  相似文献   

Mapping of Regional-scale Multi-element Geochemical Anomalies Using Hierarchical Clustering Algorithms     

Geranian  Hamid  Carranza  Emmanuel John M. 《Natural Resources Research》2022,31(4):1841-1865

Natural Resources Research - Mapping of multi-element geochemical anomalies is the basic goal of stream sediment sampling in worldwide, and especially at 1:100,000 scale in Iran. In the central...  相似文献