气候变化背景下未来西藏粮食供需平衡状况预测     

丁锐  史文娇  吕昌河  卢宏玮  邓祥征  邵景安  崔佳莹 《地理科学》2022,42(5):772-781

基于组合预测法、生产函数和笔者前期关于气候变化对西藏粮食产量定量影响的工作,对考虑气候变化影响的未来西藏县（区）级尺度粮食供需平衡状况进行预测。结果表明：① 西藏粮食产量较高的区域集中在一江两河等河谷地带,西藏粮食需求量较大的地区主要在人口较多的县市,未来肉类消费增加将会消耗更多的饲料用粮。② 西藏粮食供需平衡状况南北分异明显,南部河谷地区相对较好,北部羌塘高原较差。③ 当前西藏不能实现考虑口粮、饲料粮、工业用粮、种子用粮和损耗5种需求总和的粮食供需平衡,全区自给率为70.58%,2030年和2050年分别下降至62.59%和53.55%。虽然西藏总需求不能完全自给,但仍能保障口粮自给。④ 气候变化整体上对自给率为正面影响。到2030年和2050年,气候变化将使自治区粮食自给状况提升2.45%和2.09%。研究有助于掌握未来西藏粮食安全状况,规划农业布局,以期保障边疆粮食安全、促进高原农业可持续发展。  相似文献   

南海西北陆坡火成岩体地震识别及分布规律   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张峤  吴时国  吕福亮  董冬冬  鄢全树  杨振 《大地构造与成矿学》2014,(4)

本文根据南海西北陆坡西沙海区及周缘地球物理资料,分析了火成岩体的形态特征及识别特征,并结合南海及周缘地区岩石学测年数据,对该区火成岩进行了期次划分,总结了各期分布规律。研究发现,本区火成岩体代表性产状主要有平柱状、锥状的喷出型,及星状刺穿侵入型。利用地震反射特征通过火成岩体与围岩接触总结了三个判断火成岩形成时代的标准分别为:接触关系、上覆地层沉积厚度及两侧地层对比,从而识别出同扩张期火成岩,并将本区火成岩形成时代分为三期:南海扩张期(32~16 Ma),岩浆活动主要集中在西北次海盆和西沙隆起边界,琼东南盆地及中建盆地也有零星分布;扩张结束后的早期(16~5.5 Ma),岩浆活动规模小、数量少,只零星分布在西沙隆起内,研究区的其他地方并不存在该期岩浆活动;扩张结束后的晚期(5.5 Ma至今),火成岩体个体面积较小、数量众多、分布广泛,几乎在全区都有分布,并可见部分该期火成岩与南海扩张期的火成岩呈明显的继承关系。本研究证实南海扩张期间,陆坡虽有岩浆活动,但较之火山型张裂边缘其规模较小,没有形成大火成岩省,也没有发现火山型张裂边缘中典型的向海倾斜反射(SDR),为南海北部陆缘是岩浆匮乏型张裂陆缘这一观点提供了坚实的依据。扩张结束后的晚期,即自5.5 Ma以来岩浆活动剧烈,与莺歌海盆地、琼东南盆地及西沙海区异常热沉降直接相关,并推测该期岩浆活动可能与海南地幔柱有关。  相似文献   

基于钻孔抽水试验和示踪试验的岩溶地区含水层结构研究   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

吕全标  胡晓农  曹建华  黄芬  朱昊 《中国岩溶》2017,36(5):727-735

岩溶含水层具有强异质性和各向异性特征,其空间结构的调查和认识是地下水流动和污染物迁移研究的重要基础。然而,岩溶含水层特殊的地质结构导致岩溶区水文地质调查非常困难。为了更好地掌握研究区岩溶含水层结构特征,本文在进行抽水试验的同时开展多示踪剂（荧光素钠、罗丹明、荧光增白剂）示踪试验。利用Theis标准曲线对比法分析抽水试验数据,计算试验场地渗透张量,根据示踪试验结果分析含水层结构性质。计算出研究区渗透张量主方向的导水系数分别为:0.297 m2·h-1和0.028 m2·h-1,给水度为1.19E-04,优势方向为东偏南18.47°。抽水条件下示踪试验获得3种示踪剂的回收率分别为:荧光素钠97.98%,罗丹明B47.34%,荧光增白剂39.54%;平均流速分别为:0.378 m·h-1、0.3 m·h-1和0.14 m·h-1,反映研究区岩溶孔隙、裂隙较小,示踪剂运移慢、时间长。荧光素钠和荧光增白剂的BTC曲线表现为单峰型,罗丹明B的BTC曲线表现为多峰型,表明研究区既发育优势流裂隙,又发育相对均匀裂隙。同时,示踪剂最大回收率方向与抽水实验所得渗透张量主方向相符。研究结果为岩溶含水层精细结构的刻画,水文模型物理参数的确定提供了方法和依据。   相似文献   

Heavy metal distribution and accumulation in the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Spartina alterniflora</Emphasis> from the Andong tidal flat,Hangzhou Bay,China     

Hong-Jiao Pang  Shuang-Shuang Lyu  Xue-Gang Chen  Ai-Min Jin  Pei-Sun Loh  Fei Li  Yan Jiang  Xian-Hui Yang  Kang-Kang Yan  Zhang-Hua Lou 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(17):627

In order to study the heavy metal accumulation and distribution in the roots, stems, and leaves of Spartina alterniflora, we collected S. alterniflora samples and the associated sediments along three transects at the Andong tidal flat, Hangzhou Bay. Co, Ni, Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn were mainly accumulated in the aerial parts (stems and leaves) of the plants, and their distributions depended on their mobility and their roles during the metabolism processes of S. alterniflora. The concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, and Pb were significantly enhanced with the increasing of heavy metal concentrations in the sediments, while those of Co and Ni remained relatively constant. Bioaccumulation factors results showed that the serious heavy metal contamination in the sediments from the transect A may overwhelm the accumulation capability of the plants. In addition, the physicochemical properties of the sediments and the pore water therein also play a role in the heavy metal concentrations and accumulations in the plants, because they can influence the behaviors and bioavailabilities of heavy metals during nutrition and bioaccumulation processes of the plants. The sediments with vegetation did not show significantly decreased heavy metal concentration with respect to the unvegetated sediments, although the plants did absorb heavy metals from the sediments. Principal component analysis and correlation analyses indicated that Co–Ni, Cu–Cd–Hg behaved coherently during accumulation, which may be ascribed to their similar accumulation mechanisms. This work provided essential information on the heavy metal accumulation by plants in a tidal flat, which will be useful for the environmental control through phytoremediation at estuaries.  相似文献   

Effects of shrub on runoff and soil loss at loess slopes under simulated rainfall     

Peiqing Xiao  Wenyi Yao  Zhenzhou Shen  Chunxia Yang  Xizhi Lyu  Peng Jiao 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2017,27(4):589-599

Improved understanding of the effect of shrub cover on soil erosion process will provide valuable information for soil and water conservation programs.Laboratory rainfall simulations were conducted to determine the effects of shrubs on runoff and soil erosion and to ascertain the relationship between the rate of soil loss and the runoff hydrodynamic characteristics.In these simulations a 20° slope was subjected to rainfall intensities of 45,87,and 127 mm/h.The average runoff rates ranged from 0.51 to 1.26 mm/min for bare soil plots and 0.15 to 0.96 mm/min for shrub plots.Average soil loss rates varied from 44.19 to 114.61 g/(min·m~2) for bare soil plots and from 5.61 to 84.58 g/(min·m~2) for shrub plots.There was a positive correlation between runoff and soil loss for the bare soil plots,and soil loss increased with increased runoff for shrub plots only when rainfall intensity is 127 mm/h.Runoff and soil erosion processes were strongly influenced by soil surface conditions because of the formation of erosion pits and rills.The unit stream power was the optimal hydrodynamic parameter to characterize the soil erosion mechanisms.The soil loss rate increased linearly with the unit stream power on both shrub and bare soil plots.Critical unit stream power values were 0.004 m/s for bare soil plots and 0.017 m/s for shrub plots.  相似文献   

西南黄海2018年夏季溶解氧分布特征及其影响因素的初步分析     

严律  朱首贤 《海洋通报》2021,40(2):133-141

利用2018年夏季在西南黄海的现场调查资料,分析了海温、盐度和溶解氧(dissoloved oxygen,DO)分布特征.海区西侧的江苏沿海有明显的冷水带,冷水带对应表层较高的DO浓度.在海区南侧的长江口附近,盐度由南向北升高,上部海水DO浓度高,下部海水DO浓度低.综合现场观测数据、CCMP (Cross Calib...  相似文献   

Lipid residue analysis of ceramic vessels from the Liujiawa site of the Rui State (early Iron Age,north China)     

Bin Han  Zhanwei Sun  Jianrong Chong  Nanning Lyu  Huiyun Rao  Yimin Yang 《第四纪科学杂志》2022,37(1):114-122

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