Bble Size Distribution for Waves Propagating over A Submerged Breakwater     

TIEN Tsung-mo  HUANG Ching-jer  HSU Tai-wen  LEE Chien-hsun  HSU Shi-sheng 《中国海洋工程》2008,22(2)

Experiments are carried out to study the characteristics of active bubbles entrained by breaking waves as these propagate over an abruptly topographical change or a submerged breakwater. Underwater sounds generated by the entrained air bubbles are detected by a hydrophone connected to a charge amplifier and a data acquisition system. The size distribution of the bubbles is then determined inversely from the received sound frequencies. The sound signals are converted from time domain to time-frequency domain by applying Gabor transform. The number of bubbles with different sizes are counted from the signal peaks in the time-frequency domain. The characteristics of the bubbles are in terms of bubble size spectra, which account for the variation in bubble probability density related to the bubble radius r. The experimental data demonstrate that the bubble probability density function shows a-2.39 power-law scaling with radius for r＞0.8 mm, and a-1.11 power law for r＜0.8 mm.  相似文献   

浮游生物来源溶解有机物的三维荧光特征研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

蒋凤华  韩彬  黎先春  王小如 《海洋科学进展》2008,26(2):214-221

应用三维激发-发射荧光光谱技术,研究了中肋骨条藻和采集水样中浮游植物在光照和避光条件下培养实验过程中产生的溶解有机物,分析了三维荧光光谱中荧光峰数目、位置和荧光强度的变化,探讨了浮游植物和细菌在有机物产生中的作用.结果表明,光照条件下浮游植物生长产生类蛋白和类腐殖质荧光有机物,在衰亡期2类有机物的荧光强度迅速增加;而在避光条件下,类蛋白有机物荧光强度明显降低,类腐殖质有机物的荧光强度保持不变.2类有机物的荧光峰位置和荧光强度变化与初始有机物的性质及光照环境有关.  相似文献   

气象因素对大气降水中有机酸浓度的影响     

徐刚  李心清  黄荣生  黄代宽  程红光 《地球化学》2008,37(5)

低分子有机酸是对流层大气的重要组成成分,采用离子色谱法测定了贵阳市大气降水中的有机酸浓度.结果表明,气象因素是影响贵阳市大气降水中有机酸浓度的重要因素.其中,降雨系统对雨水中有机酸浓度的影响显著.大气有机酸主要是在降雨初期进入降水并被清除的,降雨初期对大气有机酸的清除量占总清除量的50%-70%.随着降雨的进行,雨水中的有机酸浓度逐渐降低,降雨后期略有升高,大降雨量对雨水中有机酸浓度起稀释的作用.雷雨和台风雨中有机酸浓度明显偏低,降雪中有机酸浓度也远远低于雨水中有机酸浓度,暗示贵阳市雨水中有机酸主要是在云下过程进入降水的.天气因素是通过影响大气中有机酸浓度进而影响雨水中有机酸浓度的,如气温对雨水中有机酸浓度的影响远没有降雨量明显.不同来源气团雨水中有机酸浓度明显不同,其中以北面方向气团降水中有机酸浓度最高,与我国内陆大气污染较重有关,而源于海洋方向的东南气团雨水中有机酸浓度最低.  相似文献   

中国北方-蒙古干旱半干旱区土壤铵态氮的分布及其环境控制因素   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

胡璐  李心清  黄代宽  程建中 《地球化学》2008,37(6)

土壤铵态氮是植物所能直接吸收利用的矿化氮中的重要组成部分,其含量的变化涉及到氮循环中众多生物过程,是氮生物地球化学过程中的中间环节。影响土壤中铵态氮含量的因素众多,但究竟何种因素是其变化的主因,一直没有定论。中东亚地区的植被、土壤、气候梯度性变化明显,为研究土壤铵态氮含量与环境因子之间的关系提供了理想的研究场所。对一条穿越多个植被、土壤、气候带样带的表土分析结果表明,表土中铵态氮与该地区5-9月平均温度具有显著的线性关系,但与降水量关系不大;同时表土铵态氮含量与土壤pH值也具有显著的线性关系。说明该地区温度和土壤pH值的变化是影响表土铵态氮变化的重要因素,而降水量对土壤铵态氮含量具有短促的、脉冲式的影响。  相似文献   

多导体柱微波成像的连续编码遗传算法          下载免费PDF全文

卿安永  李敬  任朗  李政光  钟顺时 《地球物理学报》1999,42(6):841-848

提出一种能同时重建多个二维良导体目标外形轮廓的新方法——连续编码遗传算法．将目标的横截面轮廓近似表达为三角级数形式,由边界条件得到一积分方程组,在此基础上将成像问题转化为约束优化问题,级数的各项系数为待优化量．积分方程组为约束条件,目标函数定义为实际测量的散射场与反演过程中得到的散射场之间的相对误差函数．采用连续编码遗传算法求解,优化过程通过选择、交叉、变异等遗传操作的选代而实现,待优化目标函数进行线性变换并采用模拟退火原理确定目标后表达为适应度函数,采用联赛选择与比例选择相结合的选择机制和单点交叉方式,变异操作通过对基因施加微小随机扰动实现．上一代中适应度最高的个体直接保留．数值模拟反演实验验证了方法的有效性．与其他反演方法相比,本法具有简单、通用、鲁棒性强等特点．  相似文献   

基于重力剖面的长白山天池火山地壳岩浆囊建模     

管彦武  崔承赞  杨国东  刘嘉麒  李允秀  吴昌桓  金旭  吴燕冈 《岩石学报》2020,36(12):3840-3852

长白山天池火山是中国最具潜在喷发危险的多成因复式火山,在近2000年来,曾经发生过世界上最大规模的喷发。为了进一步研究长白山天池火山的潜在危险,有必要研究火山的岩浆囊位置和分布。为此,在长白山天池火山开展了一条南北方向的重力剖面测量。结合前人工作,如地震勘探P波速度反演和大地电磁测深（MT）电阻率反演,以及地质信息,采用人机交互的形式,建立了一条长约150km的密度模型。从建模结果图中可以发现：（1）长白山天池下方存在地壳岩浆囊;（2）长白山天池北坡地壳存在一个高阻、低密度体,深度在7~15km,距离天池2~10km,可能是富含气体的岩浆囊;（3）在南坡和北坡大约3km深度处普遍存在一个岩浆岩层;（4）在天池下存在一个已经塌陷堵塞的火山颈。  相似文献   

急性UVB辐射对粉叶马尾藻过氧化损伤和主要抗氧化酶的影响     

袁世鹏  唐学玺  于琪  臧宇  李泽民  周斌 《海洋与湖沼》2018,49(4):821-828

粉叶马尾藻(Sargassum glaucescens)是台湾地区潮间带的重要大型藻类,其对紫外线增强的生理响应特征尚不清楚。本研究关注粉叶马尾藻在急性紫外线辐射(Ultraviolet radiation B,UVB)下的生理指标变化,探索了粉叶马尾藻在急性UVB辐照下抗氧化系统的瞬时反应过程。结果表明:低强度组[0.5W/(m2·s)]藻体在24h内未出现显著氧化损伤和蛋白质含量变化,但是细胞活力在辐照12h后显著降低,藻体超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)酶活性随辐照时间延长而降低,过氧化氢酶(CAT)酶活性呈现升高后下降的趋势,抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)酶活性没有出现显著降低;高强度组[2W/(m2·s)]藻体在辐照3h后藻体出现明显氧化损伤,6h后细胞活力和蛋白质含量显著降低,藻体SOD酶活性随辐照时间延长而降低,CAT和APX酶活性呈现升高后降低的趋势,辐射12h后即显著降低。低强度UVB辐射对粉叶马尾藻的影响相对较小,表明粉叶马尾藻对UVB辐射具有一定耐受性;而高强度UVB辐射的影响较为显著,意味着UVB辐射的持续增强将超出粉叶马尾藻的耐受限度,进而造成不利影响。本研究结果初步揭示了粉叶马尾藻对于急性UVB辐射的增强的生理响应特征,为进一步研究UVB辐射增强的生态学效应提供参考依据。  相似文献   

Bubble Size Distribution for Waves Propagating over A Submerged Breakwater     

TIEN Tsung-mo HUANG Ching-jer HSU Tai-wen LEE Chien-hsun HSU Shi-sheng 《中国海洋工程》2008,22(2):227-240

Experiments are carried out to study the characteristics of active bubbles entrained by breaking waves as these propagate over an abruptly topographical change or a submerged breakwater. Underwater sounds generated by the entrained air bubbles are detected by a hydrophone connected to a charge amplifier and a data acquisition system. The size distribution of the bubbles is then determined inversely from the received sound frequencies. The sound signals are converted from time domain to time-frequency domain by applying Gabor transform. The number of bubbles with different sizes are counted from the signal peaks in the time-frequency domain. The characteristics of the bubbles are in terms of bubble size spectra, which account for the variation in bubble probability density related to the bubble radius r. The experimental data demonstrate that the bubble probability density function shows a - 2.39 power-law sealing with radius for r 〉 0. 8 mm, and a- 1.11 power law for r 〈0.8 mm.  相似文献   

Identifying Indicator Species in Habitats Created by Coastal Structures   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Chun-Han SHIH  Ying-Chou LEE  Wei-Tse CHANG  Ta-Jen CHU 《中国海洋工程》2010,24(1):117-134

In this paper,three approachs were developed to find indicator species from the habitat created by coastal structures.These approachs consist of a model of species co-occurrence probability,a model of k-environmental factor probability and a composite model.Simultaneously,a case study was conducted in Hsinchu Fishing Port of north-western Taiwan.Based on the aforementioned models,three primary producer species,Ahnfeltiopsis flabelliformis,Chondrus ocellatus and Sarcodia montagneana,were chosen as the indicator species which had the highest co-occurrence probabilities and showed greater tolerance to more critical environment.It is imperative to understand how the three species under particular co-occurring conditions and environmental factors influence the composition of sessile assemblages in coastal water.The results indicate that for the purpose of increasing biodiversity,these models are feasible to find indicator species of artificial structures,and to help make it possible to design coastal structures based on biological considerations.This study provides an innovative approach for further advanced application in the artificial habitat of coast management.  相似文献   

Protective effects of Ecklonia cava extract on the toxicity and oxidative stress induced by hair dye in in-vitro and in-vivo models     

OH Jae-Young  RYU Bo-Mi  YANG Hye-Won  KIM Eun-A  LEE Jung-Suck  JEON You-Jin 《海洋湖沼学报（英文）》2019,(3):909-917

Oxidative hair dyes containingρ-phenylenediamine(PPD)are reported to induce an allergic reaction by promoting oxidative stress when absorbed through the skin.Despite the associated risk,these hair dyes remain popular owing to their convenience and sharpness of color.This makes it important to minimize the cytotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by PPD-containing hair dyes.Ecklonia cava extract has been evaluated in different studies for its protective effects against external stress in fibroblasts and keratinocytes.Our study was aimed at using in-vitro and in-vivo models to investigate the extract’s effects on cytotoxicity of and oxidative stress induced by PPD-containing hair dyes.Analysis of CIEL*a*b*Color space was first used to determine the range of E.cava extract that would not interfere with the coloring ability of the dye upon addition.Subsequently,the set ranges of E.cava extract(5% and 7%)were added to the hair dye and their toxicity assessed by evaluating the viability of fibroblasts and keratinocytes.The effects on developmental phenotypes and induction of oxidative stress by hair dye were evaluated and compared with those of hair dyes containing different contents of E.cava extract using an in-vivo zebrafish model.Our results showed that E.cava extract in hair dye could significantly decrease the cytotoxicity and levels of oxidative stress caused by hair dyes containing PPD in both in-vitro and in-vivo models.These results suggest that the addition of 7% E.cava extract to 250μg/mL hair dye does not interfere with the coloring ability of the dye while showing significant protective eff ects against the hair dye.The study proposes that the use of E.cava extract as an adduct to hair dyes containing PPD reduces the cytotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by these hair dyes.  相似文献