基于数据包络分析法的陕西气象资源效率评估     

罗慧  赵奎峰  巩在武  冯丽  姚东升  王百朋  张朝临 《气象》2011,37(11):1438-1442

将数据包络分析法（DEA）应用于陕西气象资源效率评估,计算全省气象行业2007—2009年运行的综合效率值、技术效率值和规模效率值,得出综合效率和规模效率有所下降,而技术效率有所提升。其中,2009年技术效率均值为3年来最高,而2007年技术效率值为3年来最低。构造基于面板数据的气象计量经济模型对各影响效率的因素进行计量分析,气象服务用户群及公众满意度指数、农业产出GDP值占区域GDP总值的比重和资金投入强度与气象部门产出的综合效率值呈正向关系,学术论文发表数量与综合效率值呈反向关系。据此提出提升资源效率有效性的对策。  相似文献   

Late Cenozoic tectonic activity and its significance in the Northern Junggar Basin,Northwestern China     

Zhengle Chen  Jian Liu  Hongliang Gong  Fengbin Han  Stephanie Marion Briggs  Enjiu Zheng  Guo Wang 《Tectonophysics》2011,497(1-4):45-56

The Dingshan area located in the northern part of the Junggar Basin of northwestern China is a significant prospect area for sandstone-type uranium deposits in China, where mainly Cenozoic rocks were deposited. The Cenozoic strata can be divided into four units according to the prior data and our own field observation. Sedimentary studies indicate that most Cenozoic strata were deposited under a hot and arid climate in a continental environment. The sedimentary facies are alluvial-fan, meandering-fluvial, and fluvio-lacustrine. Field investigation and interpretation of satellite images suggest that Cenozoic tectonics in the area is characterized by reactivation of early deep-seated thrusts, resulting in extensional fractures and formation of many small depressions in the shallow crustal level. Measurement of joint orientations suggests that regional shortening direction trends in north–south in the middle Pleistocene as indicated by the ESR (Electronic Spin Resonance) age of 0.1–0.4 Ma obtained from fault gouge and gypsum deposits. A four-stage sedimentation-tectonic evolution model of the northern Junggar Basin during the Late Cenozoic can be established based on reconstruction of sedimentary filling processes and Cenozoic tectonic movements. We suggest that landform evolution and groundwater movement are controlled by active tectonics, indicating that Late Cenozoic tectonic activities may also play important roles in the formation of sandstone-type uranium deposits. Therefore, a new metallogenic model for sandstone-type uranium deposits is proposed.  相似文献   

湖北神农架大九湖泥炭地泥炭藓共生细菌群落分析     

刘乔  王红梅  龚林锋  向兴  黄咸雨  秦养民 《第四纪研究》2013,33(1)

对采自湖北神农架大九湖泥炭地泥炭藓(Sphagnum palustre)样品进行了不同预处理,之后提取微生物基因组DNA,构建克隆文库进而对泥炭藓共生菌的群落结构进行分析.菌落培养实验和荧光定量PCR结果显示,双氧水能杀死泥炭藓表面附生的微生物及破坏部分DNA,为研究泥炭藓内共生细菌提供一定的途径.群落组成分析结果表明双氧水处理后,所获得的细菌克隆文库的群落特征发生了改变,主要表现在细菌种类的减少及各菌门所占比率的变化上:NTX-0中酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)和变形杆菌门(Proteaobacteria)百分比含量分别位居第一和第二,而经过双氧水进行表面除菌后NTX-0-degerming中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)占了绝对优势;而在NTX-2-degerming中,蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)占绝对主导地位,细菌的群落多样性明显降低,细菌种类减少.系统发育分析表明与泥炭藓内共生的细菌一方面能适应大九湖泥炭湿地酸性、贫营养的环境,另一方面能为泥炭藓提供碳源、氮源,从而参与泥炭湿地的元素循环.尤其值得注意的是在内共生菌中发现了Ⅱ型甲烷氧化菌,证实了甲烷氧化菌与泥炭藓的内共生关系,暗示着这类细菌通过自身的代谢进而影响全球碳循环的潜在意义.此外,首次报道了利用细菌的通用引物扩增出了大量泥炭藓叶绿体的序列,这可能为叶绿体内共生学说提供佐证.  相似文献   

重庆凉风垭天然气富集区上覆菜园土壤甲烷氧化细菌群落分析     

龚林锋  王红梅  刘乔  冯亮  于洋  祝丽薇 《第四纪研究》2013,33(1)

对重庆市凉风垭地区一具有天然气泄漏的菜园土壤进行采样,利用16S rDNA克隆文库研究了该菜园表层及底层土壤样品中甲烷氧化细菌的群落结构,以期了解甲烷泄漏地区甲烷氧化菌的丰度、结构和组成状况,为深入探讨甲烷在该地区的循环及甲烷泄漏对环境的影响奠定基础.DNA序列分析结果显示,该天然气富集区上覆菜园地土壤中Ⅰ型甲烷氧化细菌以甲基细菌属(Methylobacter)占绝对优势,在底层样品与表层样品中所占比例存在较大差异,且底层样品中Ⅰ型甲烷氧化菌的多样性指数(1.99)比表层样品中的多样性指数(1.3)高.Ⅱ型甲烷氧化细菌仅在底层样品CD1中检测到,以甲基孢囊菌属(Methylocystis)占优势,其多样性指数为2.07,种类较Ⅰ型种类要多,这可能暗示Ⅱ型甲烷氧化细菌更能适应在土壤底层低氧、高浓度CH4条件下生存.同时,系统发育树分析显示,大部分菜园底层土壤样品中的Ⅰ型甲烷氧化细菌序列无法同已知的甲烷氧化细菌种属聚在一起,暗示该天然气富集区上覆菜园土壤中甲烷氧化细菌具有特殊性.由于Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型甲烷氧化菌对CH4的亲和力以及对CH4氧化能力的差异,天然气富集区甲烷氧化菌的群落结构研究对深入了解陆地生态系统CH4代谢具有重要意义.  相似文献   

天然气水合物储集类型的测井响应特征     

田贵发  栾安辉  赵平  弓佩章 《中国煤炭地质》2013,(8)

通过木里煤田聚乎更煤矿区四井田、哆嗦公马、雪霍立三个矿区（井田）大量测井资料的分析和研究,并结合祁连山冻土区天然气水合物DK-1科学试验孔测井资料的综合对比和解释,对煤田常规测井参数在天然气水合物储集层上的响应特征进行了分析。根据该区常年冻土（岩）的勘探成果及测井曲线响应特征,将陆源天然气水合物储集层分为生气层与储集层的相对位置、纵向位置、空间位置、储集介质等四大类,上生下储、下生上储、自生自储、冻土（岩）带内、增温带内等11个亚类。在此基础上建立了与富冰型、煤层自储型、孔隙型、裂隙型等多种储集模式对应的典型测井曲线响应特征。利用测井方法识别天然气水合物储集层的方法,可为青藏高原研究、评价、勘查、开发天然气水合物提供可靠的解释依据。  相似文献   

北太平洋850和500hPa夏季副热带高压的年际和年代变化     

王启  赵娅琴  宫晓庆 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2014,44(1)

利用NCEP\NCAR再分析位势高度场资料和Hadley中心SST资料,将北太平洋500和850hPa夏季副热带高压异常变化结合在一起进行了分析,发现夏季500和850hPa副高的位置和强度的年际和年代变化都有明显差异,并且850hPa副高远比500hPa副高稳定。上下两层除了同时增强和同时减弱外,还存在着500hPa增强850hPa减弱,以及500减弱850hPa增强等不同类型。相关分析表明,夏季500和850hPa副热带高压年际和年代异常变化与同期不同海区海表温度(SST)异常之间存在明显的关系。  相似文献   

How well do the current state-of-the-art CMIP5 models characterise the climatology of the East Asian winter monsoon?     

Ke Wei  Ting Xu  Zhencai Du  Hainan Gong  Baohua Xie 《Climate Dynamics》2014,43(5-6):1241-1255

Previous studies have revealed some common biases in coupled general circulation model’s simulations of the East Asian (EA) winter monsoon (EAWM), including colder surface air temperature and more winter precipitation over the EA region. In this study, we examined 41 fully coupled atmosphere–ocean models from fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), which will be widely used in the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and address whether the current state-of-the-art CMIP5 models can characterise the climatology of the East Asian winter monsoon. We also compared the results with the models from third phase of CMIP, which was extensively used in the fourth assessment report of the IPCC. The results show that the cold surface air temperature (SAT) bias is lessened and the precipitation amount decreased with the current CMIP5 models. Moreover, the CMIP5 models performbetter at predicting surface winds and high-level jet streams than the CMIP3 models. Moreover, CMIP5 models show more model consistency in most EAWM parameters, and the interannual variability of the SAT is closer to the observations. We also examined the change in the radiation energy budget in the CMIP5 models and compared with CMIP3 models. Although the improvements are significant, deficiencies still exist in the simulation of the EAWM, e.g., the stronger EA major trough and the stronger zonal sea level pressure gradient.  相似文献   

Simulation and causes of eastern Antarctica surface cooling related to ozone depletion during austral summer in FGOALS-s2     

Jing Yang  Qing Bao  Duoying Ji  Daoyi Gong  Rui Mao  Ziyin Zhang  Seong-Joong Kim 《大气科学进展》2014,31(5):1147-1156

Two parallel sets of numerical experiments （an ozone-hole simulation and a non-ozone-hole simulation） were performed to investigate the effect of ozone depletion on surface temperature change using the second spectral version of the Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System model （FGOALS-s2）, focusing on the eastern Antarctica （EA） continent in austral summer. First, we evaluated the ability of the model to simulate the EA surface cooling, and found the model can successfully reproduce the cooling trend of the EA surface, as well as the circulation change circling the South Pole in the past 30 years. Second, we compared the two experiments and discovered that the ozone depletion causes the cooling trend and strengthens the circumpolar westerly flow. We further investigated the causes of the EA surface cooling associated with the ozone hole and found two major contributors. The first is the ozone-hole direct radiation effect （DRE） upon the surface that happens because the decrease of the downward longwave （LW） radiation overcomes the increase of the downward shortwave （SW） radiation under clear sky. The second is the cloud radiation effect （CRE） induced by ozone depletion, which happens because the decreased downward SW radiation overcomes the increased downward LW radiation in the case of increased cloud. Although the CRE is theoretically opposite to the DRE, their final net effect makes comparable contributions to the EA surface cooling. Compared with the surface radiation budget, the surface heat flux budgets have a much smaller contribution. We additionally note that the CRE is basically ascribed to the circulation change.  相似文献   

Estimating mean air temperature using MODIS day and night land surface temperatures     

Hao Sun  Yunhao Chen  Adu Gong  Xiang Zhao  Wenfeng Zhan  Mengjie Wang 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2014,118(1-2):81-92

  相似文献   

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