The signature of the magnetorotational instability in the Reynolds and Maxwell stress tensors in accretion discs     

Martin E. Pessah  Chi-kwan Chan  Dimitrios Psaltis 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2006,372(1):183-190

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A large-eddy simulation of turbulent compressible convection: differential rotation in the solar convection zone     

Francis J. Robinson †  Kwing L. Chan 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2001,321(4):723-732

We present the results of two simulations of the convection zone, obtained by solving the full hydrodynamic equations in a section of a spherical shell. The first simulation has cylindrical rotation contours (parallel to the rotation axis) and a strong meridional circulation, which traverses the entire depth. The second simulation has isorotation contours about mid-way between cylinders and cones, and a weak meridional circulation, concentrated in the uppermost part of the shell.
We show that the solar differential rotation is directly related to a latitudinal entropy gradient, which pervades into the deep layers of the convection zone. We also offer an explanation of the angular velocity shear found at low latitudes near the top. A non-zero correlation between radial and zonal velocity fluctuations produces a significant Reynolds stress in that region. This constitutes a net transport of angular momentum inwards, which causes a slight modification of the overall structure of the differential rotation near the top. In essence, the thermodynamics controls the dynamics through the Taylor–Proudman momentum balance . The Reynolds stresses only become significant in the surface layers, where they generate a weak meridional circulation and an angular velocity 'bump'.  相似文献   

Convective flows around sunspot-like objects     

Peter A. Fox  Sabatino Sofia  Kwing L. Chan 《Solar physics》1991,135(1):15-42

Results are given for calculations of convective flows around objects in the outer layers of the Sun that have similar characteristics to small sunspots. These objects are allowed to radiatively (diffusively) exchange heat with their surroundings, but convective motions and exchange are absent. This assumption is based on the simple presumption that a sunspot magnetic field maintains pressure equilibrium with the surrounding medium and prevents convective exchange with that medium.The flow structure around the object, and the question of the overall balance or redistribution of the emerging heat flux as suggested by earlier empirical models, are studied and discussed.After a period of adjustment, shortly after the sunspot-like object is placed into the domain, the layer readjusts itself so that most of the heat flux actually reappears at the surface, although some fraction of the flux is carried horizontally far from the object. There is no indication of long term storage of the heat flux that would normally appear in the place where the object resides. Finally, when the object is removed, the surrounding medium responds very quickly and soon returns to the undisturbed state before the object was in place.The present numerical treatment includes restrictions that may influence aspects of the heat redistribution, convective flows and time scales. In particular, the shape of the object and its size (somewhat smaller than a sunspot) are important, as is the number of spatial dimensions and the treatment of some boundary conditions. Since all of these issues require further investigation, some discussion is presented regarding the applicability of our results to real sunspots.  相似文献   

A smoothing scheme for reducing field anisotropy inN-body simulation     

W. Y. Chau  S. S. Mak  Y. W. Law  K. L. Chan 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1992,188(1):159-164

A method is proposed to reduce the field anisotropy inN-body calculations arising from the discretization of Poisson's equation in a particle-mesh scheme. Specifically, the mass is split (in addition to that employed in the mass assignment algorithm) over neighbouring points to create compensating higher-order multipoles. Improvement by factor 2 has been observed in the field calculations, and spurious geometric effects in the example of a 4000 particle free-fall collapse have been reduced.  相似文献   

A Shearing Non-Adiabatic Solution of Einstein's Equations     

R. Chan 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1997,257(2):299-309

An analytical solution of the Einstein's equations is found for a collapsing radiating body, consisting of an isotropic fluid with shear undergoing radial heat flow with outgoing radiation. The behavior of the density, pressure, heat flux, mass and luminosity are analyzed for a body of 6 M⊙. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Passive sonar detection and localization by matched velocityfiltering     

Chan  Y.T. Niezgoda  G.H. Morton  S.P. 《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》1995,20(3):179-189

This paper presents a new bearings-only method of detecting and tracking low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) wideband targets on a constant course and velocity trajectory. A track-before-detect strategy based on matched velocity filtering is adopted using spatial images constructed from a sequence of power bearing map (PBM) estimates accumulated during a track. To lower the threshold SNR for detection, a discrete bank of matched velocity filters integrates the PBM images over a range of hypothesized trajectories, such an approach eliminates the need to estimate the number of targets since signal detection is determined by comparing the output of each matched filter (MF) to a decision threshold. The distribution of the MF output is derived based on a single point target in diffuse noise assumption. Receiver operating characteristic curves show a definite detection gain under low SNR conditions for matched velocity filtering (track-before-detect) over detection from a single PBM  相似文献   

A 1-D search solution for localization from frequency measurements     

Chan  Y.T. 《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》1994,19(3):431-437

A source that emits a constant frequency tone and moves at a constant course and speed can be localized through measurements of the Doppler shifted frequencies (DSF). With five unknowns, namely, the rest frequency and the positions and speeds in the x-y directions, five separate sensors would normally be necessary to give five DSP measurements for instantaneous localization. The equations are nonlinear, and the standard solution is by grid search or iteration. The high dimensionality leads to a large computational requirement. By incorporating DSF rates, a quantity available from frequency line trackers, a one-dimensional grid search solution is possible which requires only three sensors and reduces the computational load. The derivation of the grid search technique is given, together with simulation results. The conclusion is that at high signal-to-noise ratios (SNR), the scheme reaches the three-sensor Cramer-Rao lower bound; at lower SNR's or with increased sensors, the grid search answer is a good initializer for a nonlinear optimization algorithm that gives a maximum likelihood estimate  相似文献   

Rotating convection and the solar differential rotation     

Kwing L. Chan  Hans G. Mayr 《Solar physics》1994,152(1):283-290

We discuss the implication of a numerical experiment on rotating convection and its relevance to the construction of a model for the solar differential rotation.  相似文献   

The East Asian summer monsoon: an overview   总被引：38，自引：1，他引：38  

Ding Yihui  Johnny C. L. Chan 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2005,89(1-4):117-142

Summary The present paper provides an overview of major problems of the East Asian summer monsoon. The summer monsoon system over East Asia (including the South China Sea (SCS)) cannot be just thought of as the eastward and northward extension of the Indian monsoon. Numerous studies have well documented that the huge Asian summer monsoon system can be divided into two subsystems: the Indian and the East Asian monsoon system which are to a greater extent independent of each other and, at the same time, interact with each other. In this context, the major findings made in recent two decades are summarized below: (1) The earliest onset of the Asian summer monsoon occurs in most of cases in the central and southern Indochina Peninsula. The onset is preceded by development of a BOB (Bay of Bengal) cyclone, the rapid acceleration of low-level westerlies and significant increase of convective activity in both areal extent and intensity in the tropical East Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal. (2) The seasonal march of the East Asian summer monsoon displays a distinct stepwise northward and northeastward advance, with two abrupt northward jumps and three stationary periods. The monsoon rain commences over the region from the Indochina Peninsula-the SCS-Philippines during the period from early May to mid-May, then it extends abruptly to the Yangtze River Basin, and western and southern Japan, and the southwestern Philippine Sea in early to mid-June and finally penetrates to North China, Korea and part of Japan, and the topical western West Pacific. (3) After the onset of the Asian summer monsoon, the moisture transport coming from Indochina Peninsula and the South China Sea plays a crucial “switch” role in moisture supply for precipitation in East Asia, thus leading to a dramatic change in climate regime in East Asia and even more remote areas through teleconnection. (4) The East Asian summer monsoon and related seasonal rain belts assumes significant variability at intraseasonal, interannual and interdecadal time scales. Their interaction, i.e., phase locking and in-phase or out-phase superimposing, can to a greater extent control the behaviors of the East Asian summer monsoon and produce unique rythem and singularities. (5) Two external forcing i.e., Pacific and Indian Ocean SSTs and the snow cover in the Eurasia and the Tibetan Plateau, are believed to be primary contributing factors to the activity of the East Asian summer monsoon. However, the internal variability of the atmospheric circulation is also very important. In particular, the blocking highs in mid-and high latitudes of Eurasian continents and the subtropical high over the western North Pacific play a more important role which is quite different from the condition for the South Asian monsoon. The later is of tropical monsoon nature while the former is of hybrid nature of tropical and subtropical monsoon with intense impact from mid-and high latitudes.  相似文献   

流体包裹体烃类组成特征及对天然气成藏示踪作用——以鄂尔多斯盆地西北部奥陶系为例   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

胡国艺单秀琴  李志生刘大锰  马成华张英 肖芝华 《岩石学报》2005,21(5):1461-1466

通过对鄂尔多斯盆地西北部奥陶系克里摩里组和马四储层溶孔中充填的方解石以及重结晶作用形成的白云石中烃类包裹体鉴定和组成分析认为该区奥陶系储层中气态烃包裹体比较丰富,占30%～40%,以甲烷含量占绝对优势,甲烷含量一般分布在49.2%mol～61.7%mol 之间,重烃含量很低,表明该区曾经发生过天然气的运移聚集。应用热爆裂法打开包裹体对气态烃碳同位素进行了分析,包裹体中甲烷碳同位素比值分布在-34.7‰～-40.0‰,平均为-37.1‰,乙烷碳同位素比值分布在-29.0‰～-31.0‰之间,平均为-30.1‰,包裹体气体碳同位素比较轻,可能主要为高演化阶段的油型气。另外,该区的古地温史模拟数据和测定的包裹体均一温度分布对比研究表明天然气充注期在早白垩世。  相似文献