A Shearing Non-Adiabatic Solution of Einstein's Equations     

R. Chan 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1997,257(2):299-309

An analytical solution of the Einstein's equations is found for a collapsing radiating body, consisting of an isotropic fluid with shear undergoing radial heat flow with outgoing radiation. The behavior of the density, pressure, heat flux, mass and luminosity are analyzed for a body of 6 M⊙. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Passive sonar detection and localization by matched velocityfiltering     

Chan  Y.T. Niezgoda  G.H. Morton  S.P. 《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》1995,20(3):179-189

This paper presents a new bearings-only method of detecting and tracking low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) wideband targets on a constant course and velocity trajectory. A track-before-detect strategy based on matched velocity filtering is adopted using spatial images constructed from a sequence of power bearing map (PBM) estimates accumulated during a track. To lower the threshold SNR for detection, a discrete bank of matched velocity filters integrates the PBM images over a range of hypothesized trajectories, such an approach eliminates the need to estimate the number of targets since signal detection is determined by comparing the output of each matched filter (MF) to a decision threshold. The distribution of the MF output is derived based on a single point target in diffuse noise assumption. Receiver operating characteristic curves show a definite detection gain under low SNR conditions for matched velocity filtering (track-before-detect) over detection from a single PBM  相似文献   

A 1-D search solution for localization from frequency measurements     

Chan  Y.T. 《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》1994,19(3):431-437

A source that emits a constant frequency tone and moves at a constant course and speed can be localized through measurements of the Doppler shifted frequencies (DSF). With five unknowns, namely, the rest frequency and the positions and speeds in the x-y directions, five separate sensors would normally be necessary to give five DSP measurements for instantaneous localization. The equations are nonlinear, and the standard solution is by grid search or iteration. The high dimensionality leads to a large computational requirement. By incorporating DSF rates, a quantity available from frequency line trackers, a one-dimensional grid search solution is possible which requires only three sensors and reduces the computational load. The derivation of the grid search technique is given, together with simulation results. The conclusion is that at high signal-to-noise ratios (SNR), the scheme reaches the three-sensor Cramer-Rao lower bound; at lower SNR's or with increased sensors, the grid search answer is a good initializer for a nonlinear optimization algorithm that gives a maximum likelihood estimate  相似文献   

Rotating convection and the solar differential rotation     

Kwing L. Chan  Hans G. Mayr 《Solar physics》1994,152(1):283-290

We discuss the implication of a numerical experiment on rotating convection and its relevance to the construction of a model for the solar differential rotation.  相似文献   

The East Asian summer monsoon: an overview   总被引：38，自引：1，他引：38  

Ding Yihui  Johnny C. L. Chan 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2005,89(1-4):117-142

Summary The present paper provides an overview of major problems of the East Asian summer monsoon. The summer monsoon system over East Asia (including the South China Sea (SCS)) cannot be just thought of as the eastward and northward extension of the Indian monsoon. Numerous studies have well documented that the huge Asian summer monsoon system can be divided into two subsystems: the Indian and the East Asian monsoon system which are to a greater extent independent of each other and, at the same time, interact with each other. In this context, the major findings made in recent two decades are summarized below: (1) The earliest onset of the Asian summer monsoon occurs in most of cases in the central and southern Indochina Peninsula. The onset is preceded by development of a BOB (Bay of Bengal) cyclone, the rapid acceleration of low-level westerlies and significant increase of convective activity in both areal extent and intensity in the tropical East Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal. (2) The seasonal march of the East Asian summer monsoon displays a distinct stepwise northward and northeastward advance, with two abrupt northward jumps and three stationary periods. The monsoon rain commences over the region from the Indochina Peninsula-the SCS-Philippines during the period from early May to mid-May, then it extends abruptly to the Yangtze River Basin, and western and southern Japan, and the southwestern Philippine Sea in early to mid-June and finally penetrates to North China, Korea and part of Japan, and the topical western West Pacific. (3) After the onset of the Asian summer monsoon, the moisture transport coming from Indochina Peninsula and the South China Sea plays a crucial “switch” role in moisture supply for precipitation in East Asia, thus leading to a dramatic change in climate regime in East Asia and even more remote areas through teleconnection. (4) The East Asian summer monsoon and related seasonal rain belts assumes significant variability at intraseasonal, interannual and interdecadal time scales. Their interaction, i.e., phase locking and in-phase or out-phase superimposing, can to a greater extent control the behaviors of the East Asian summer monsoon and produce unique rythem and singularities. (5) Two external forcing i.e., Pacific and Indian Ocean SSTs and the snow cover in the Eurasia and the Tibetan Plateau, are believed to be primary contributing factors to the activity of the East Asian summer monsoon. However, the internal variability of the atmospheric circulation is also very important. In particular, the blocking highs in mid-and high latitudes of Eurasian continents and the subtropical high over the western North Pacific play a more important role which is quite different from the condition for the South Asian monsoon. The later is of tropical monsoon nature while the former is of hybrid nature of tropical and subtropical monsoon with intense impact from mid-and high latitudes.  相似文献   

流体包裹体烃类组成特征及对天然气成藏示踪作用——以鄂尔多斯盆地西北部奥陶系为例   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

胡国艺单秀琴  李志生刘大锰  马成华张英 肖芝华 《岩石学报》2005,21(5):1461-1466

通过对鄂尔多斯盆地西北部奥陶系克里摩里组和马四储层溶孔中充填的方解石以及重结晶作用形成的白云石中烃类包裹体鉴定和组成分析认为该区奥陶系储层中气态烃包裹体比较丰富,占30%～40%,以甲烷含量占绝对优势,甲烷含量一般分布在49.2%mol～61.7%mol 之间,重烃含量很低,表明该区曾经发生过天然气的运移聚集。应用热爆裂法打开包裹体对气态烃碳同位素进行了分析,包裹体中甲烷碳同位素比值分布在-34.7‰～-40.0‰,平均为-37.1‰,乙烷碳同位素比值分布在-29.0‰～-31.0‰之间,平均为-30.1‰,包裹体气体碳同位素比较轻,可能主要为高演化阶段的油型气。另外,该区的古地温史模拟数据和测定的包裹体均一温度分布对比研究表明天然气充注期在早白垩世。  相似文献   

Re-scripting the character of Birmingham's ethnic minority population: assets and others in the stories of a multicultural city     

W F Chan 《Area》2006,38(1):79-88

  相似文献   

Cloning of the HSP70 gene in barnacle larvae and its expression under hypoxic conditions     

Cheng SH  So CH  Chan PK  Cheng CW  Wu RS 《Marine pollution bulletin》2003,46(5):665-671

  相似文献   

Electron-positron annihilation lines and decaying sterile neutrinos     

M. H. Chan  M.-C. Chu 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2012,338(2):313-317

If massive sterile neutrinos exist, their decays into photons and/or electron-positron pairs may give rise to observable consequences. We consider the possibility that MeV sterile neutrino decays lead to the diffuse positron annihilation line in the Milky Way center, and we thus obtain bounds on the sterile neutrino decay rate Γ _e ≥10⁻²⁸ s⁻¹ from relevant astrophysical/cosmological data. Also, we expect a soft gamma flux of 1.2×10⁻⁴–9.7×10⁻⁴ ph cm⁻² s⁻¹ from the Milky Way center which shows up as a small MeV bump in the background photon spectrum. Furthermore, we estimate the flux of active neutrinos produced by sterile neutrino decays to be 0.02–0.1 cm⁻² s⁻¹ passing through the earth.  相似文献   

Spectrofluorometric analysis of amino acid mixtures: Implications for future space missions     

Hoi S. Chan  Zita Martins  Mark A. Sephton 《Planetary and Space Science》2012,60(1):336-341

Efficient detection of organic molecules is fundamental for the success of future life detection missions. Spectrofluorometric analysis is one of the many techniques that may be used to detect organic molecules in extraterrestrial settings. A particularly important class of organic molecules to target is the amino acids on which all terrestrial life depends. This study aims to identify the optimum fluorescence excitation and emission wavelengths for 17 amino acid standards to examine the effects of amino acid concentrations, mixtures and fluorescence quenching. The results and interpretations can guide the design and operation of life detection protocols on future space missions.  相似文献