The Korean emissions trading scheme: business perspectives on the early years of operations     

Sunhee Suk  SangYeop Lee  Yu Shim Jeong 《Climate Policy》2018,18(6):715-728

Korea’s domestic emissions trading scheme commenced in January 2015. It targeted mainly industrial and power sectors, and compelled companies to transform how they manage energy efficiency and mitigate GHGs. This study sets out to explore how Korean companies evaluated their allocation position and engaged in emissions trading in the first compliance period, and to identify their views on trading barriers and policy expectations at the start of emissions trading. Questionnaire surveys and on-site interviews targeting Korean companies under the Korean emissions trading scheme were conducted at the start of operations (February to March 2015) and after the first compliance year (May 2016), respectively. Actual operation results are observed and compared with the survey findings. This study extrapolates implications for policy and presents suggestions for the government and the target companies in terms of how to improve the current emissions trading scheme in order to further stimulate emissions trading.

POLICY RELEVANCE

This study attempts to bridge the gap between companies and government policy in operating the domestic emission trading scheme in Korea. Empirical results, based on analysis of company-level data, reveal how businesses perceive K-ETS and how this relates to the operating results, which saw only limited trading of surplus emissions taking place in the early phase. Key barriers to active trading identified in the study include supply–demand imbalance, policy uncertainty and lack of preparedness of companies over carbon pricing. These barriers could be addressed by improved transparency of allowance allocation methods, possibly restricting carry-over of surplus allowances, ending policy uncertainty and providing more information to companies that can support companies’ policy understanding of the carbon pricing based on the market mechanism. Targeted companies should proactively participate in emissions trading in the early phase, in order to learn from it and prepare for the future introduction of auctioning.  相似文献   

Crustal analysis of the Ulleung Basin in the East Sea (Japan Sea) from enhanced gravity mapping     

Chan Hong Park  Jeong Woo Kim  Nobuhiro Isezaki  Daniel R. Roman  Ralph R. B. von Frese 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2006,27(4):253-266

To facilitate geological analyses of the Ulleung Basin in the East Sea (Japan Sea) between Korea and Japan, shipborne and satellite altimetry-derived gravity data are combined to derive a regionally coherent anomaly field. The 2-min gridded satellite altimetry-based gravity predicted by Sandwell and Smith [Sandwell DT, Smith WHF (1997) J Geophys Res 102(B5):10,039–10,054] are used for making cross-over adjustments that reduce the errors between track segments and at the cross-over points of shipborne gravity profiles. Relative to the regionally more homogeneous satellite gravity anomalies, the longer wavelength components of the shipborne anomalies are significantly improved with minimal distortion of their shorter wavelength components. The resulting free-air gravity anomaly map yields a more coherent integration of short and long wavelength anomalies compared to that obtained from either the shipborne or satellite data sets separately. The derived free-air anomalies range over about 140 mGals or more in amplitude and regionally correspond with bathymetric undulations in the Ulleung Basin. The gravity lows and highs along the basin’s margin indicate the transition from continental to oceanic crust. However, in the northeastern and central Ulleung Basin, the negative regional correlation between the central gravity high and bathymetric low suggests the presence of shallow denser mantle beneath thinned oceanic crust. A series of gravity highs mark seamounts or volcanic terranes from the Korean Plateau to Oki Island. Gravity modeling suggests underplating by mafic igneous rocks of the northwestern margin of the Ulleung Basin and the transition between continental and oceanic crust. The crust of the central Ulleung Basin is about a 14–15 km thick with a 4–5 km thick sediment cover. It may also include a relatively weakly developed buried fossil spreading ridge with approximately 2 km of relief.  相似文献   

Lateral and consolidation behaviors of seabed-type breakwater for very soft ground     

In Sung Jang  O Soon Kwon  Woo Sun Park  Weon Mu Jeong 《Ocean Engineering》2007,34(17-18):2240-2250

A seabed-type of breakwater applicable to very soft ground without the need for soil improvement is newly developed. This type of soft-ground breakwater is expected to ensure sufficient lateral resistance and prevent excessive consolidation settlement due to self-weight of the breakwater. In this paper, lateral and consolidation behaviors of soft-ground breakwater were investigated by performing model tests and finite element simulations. The results revealed that the bottom wall and buoyant box, which are the main features of soft-ground breakwater, contribute to the increase in lateral resistance and to the control of the consolidation settlements, respectively, and that Terzaghi's consolidation theory could be conservatively adopted in deriving the consolidation settlements of soft-ground breakwater proposed herein.  相似文献   

Three unrecorded marine fish species from Korean waters     

Jeong -Ho Park  Jin Koo Kim  Jee Hwan Moon  Cheol Bum Kim 《Ocean Science Journal》2007,42(4):231-240

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Evaluation of the processes affecting vertical water chemistry in an alluvial aquifer of Mankyeong Watershed, Korea, using multivariate statistical analyses     

Byoung-Young Choi  Hyeon-Jung Kim  Kangjoo Kim  Seok-Hwi Kim  Hwa-Jin Jeong  Eungyu Park  Seong-Taek Yun 《Environmental Geology》2008,54(2):335-345

Vertical variations of redox chemistry and groundwater quality were investigated in an alluvial aquifer beneath an agricultural area, in which deep groundwaters are free of NO₃, Fe, and Mn problems that are frequently encountered during the development of alluvial groundwaters. This study was performed to identify and evaluate vertical chemical processes attenuating these chemical species in the study area. For this study, the processes affecting groundwater chemistry were identified by factor analysis (FA) and the groundwater samples collected from six multilevel samplers were hierarchically classified into three different redox zones by cluster analysis (CA) based on the similarity of geochemical features. FA results indicated three major factors affecting the overall water chemistry: agricultural activities (factor 1), redox reactions (factor 2), and remnant seawater (factor 3). The groundwater quality in the study area was revealed to be controlled by a series of different redox reactions, resulting in different redox zones as a function of depth. It was also revealed that the low Fe and Mn levels in the groundwater of the deeper part are associated with sulfate reduction, which led to precipitation of Fe as iron sulfide and adsorption of Mn on it.  相似文献   

Application of an artificial neural network for a direct estimation of atmospheric instability from a next-generation imager     

Su Jeong Lee  Myoung-Hwan Ahn  Yeonjin Lee 《大气科学进展》2016,33(2):221-232

Atmospheric instability information derived from satellites plays an important role in short-term weather forecasting,especially the forecasting of severe convective storms. For the next generation of weather satellites for Korea's multi-purpose geostationary satellite program, a new imaging instrument has been developed. Although this imaging instrument is not designed to perform full sounding missions and its capability is limited, its multi-spectral infrared channels provide information on vertical sounding. To take full advantage of the observation data from the much improved spatiotemporal resolution of the imager, the feasibility of an artificial neural network approach for the derivation of the atmospheric instability is investigated.The multi-layer perceptron model with a feed-forward and back-propagation training algorithm shows quite a sensitive response to the selection of the training dataset and model architecture. Through an extensive performance test with a carefully selected training dataset of 7197 independent profiles, the model architectures are selected to be 12, 5000, and 0.3 for the number of hidden nodes, number of epochs, and learning rate, respectively. The selected model gives a mean absolute error,RMSE, and correlation coefficient of 330 J kg~(-1), 420 J kg~(-1), and 0.9, respectively. The feasibility is further demonstrated via application of the model to real observation data from a similar instrument that has comparable observation channels with the planned imager.  相似文献   

Simulation and Regionalization of Daily Global Solar Radiation: A Case Study in Quebec,Canada     

D. I. Jeong  A. St-Hilaire  Y. Gratton  C. Bélanger  C. Saad 《大气与海洋》2016,54(2):117-130

Global solar radiation (GSR) is essential for agricultural and plant growth modelling, air and water heating analyses, and solar electric power systems. However, GSR gauging stations are scarce compared with stations for monitoring common meteorological variables such as air temperature and relative humidity. In this study, one power function, three linear regression, and three non-linear models based on an artificial neural network (ANN) are developed to extend short records of daily GSR for meteorological stations where predictors (i.e., temperature and/or relative humidity) are available. The seven models are then applied to 19 meteorological stations located across the province of Quebec (Canada). On average, the root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) for ANN-based models are 0.33–0.54?MJ?m^?2?d^?1 smaller than those for the power function and linear regression models for the same input variables, indicating that the non-linear ANN-based models are more efficient in simulating daily GSR. Regionalization potential of the seven models is also evaluated for ungauged stations where predictors are available. The power function and the three linear regression models are tested by interpolating spatially correlated at-site coefficients using universal kriging or by applying a leave-one-out calibration procedure for spatially uncorrelated at-site coefficients. Regional ANN-based models are also developed by training the model based on the leave-one-out procedure. The RMSEs for regional ANN models are 0.08–0.46?MJ?m^?2?d^?1 smaller than for other models using the same input conditions. However, the regional ANN-based models are more sensitive to new station input values compared with the other models. Maps of interpolated coefficients and regional equations of the power function and the linear regression models are provided for direct application to the study area.  相似文献   

Estimation of periodicities in hydrologic data     

A. R. Rao  G. D. Jeong  Fi-John Chang 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(4):270-288

Periodicites in hydrologic data are frequently estimated and studied. In some cases the periodic components are subtracted from the data to obtain the stochastic components. In other cases the physical reasons for the occurrence of these periodicities are investigated. Apart from the annual cycle in the hydrologic data, periods corresponding to the 11 year sunspot cycle, the Hale cycle and others have been detected.The conclusions from most of these studies depend on the reliability and robustness of the methods used to detect these periodicities. Several spectral analysis methods have been proposed to investigate periodicities in time series data. Several of these have been compared to each other. The methods by Siddiqui and Wang and by Damsleth and Spjotvoll, which are stepwise procedures of spectrum estimation, have not been evaluated.Two of the methods of spectral analysis proposed by Siddiqui and Wang and by Damsleth and Spjotvoll are investigated in this study by using generated and observed data. Siddiqui and Wang's method is found to be superior to the Damsleth and Spjotvoll's method.  相似文献   

Population dynamics of the solitary ascidian <Emphasis Type="Italic">Herdmania momus</Emphasis> (Savignyi, 1816) in Jeju Island,Korea     

Chang Ho Yi  Jeong Ha Kim 《Ocean Science Journal》2016,51(3):363-371

In 2007–2008, a population outbreak of the solitary ascidian Herdmania momus was observed along the coasts of Jeju Island and the ascidians became the top dominant species in macrobenthic communities. We conducted field experiments on population dynamics and demographic parameters including seasonal density fluctuation, vertical distribution, recruitment patterns, mortality, and growth rate. Recruitment continued year-round except in April following the lowest water temperature season in February. Population density was highest in August-October, concomitantly with the peak in recruitment, related to the highest water temperature. The lowest density was observed in February-April when the water temperature was lowest. In April all individuals disappeared from all permanent plots, resulting in a maximum life span of 10–12 months. Individuals of newly recruited H. momus grew to have an adult size of 4–6 cm in only 3–4 months. Higher densities were observed in the shallower areas (5 m) compared to the deeper zones. More recruitment occurred on vertical slopes than horizontal substrates, but substrate pre-occupancy caused no difference in recruitment. This is the first report on H. momus population-level investigation in Korea, which provides valuable baseline information on the current status of population demography and their potential community-level influence on Jeju coasts.  相似文献   

Morphological characteristics and distribution of Pleuronectidae (Pisces) eggs in the western margin of the East Sea     

Soo Jeong Lee  Jin-Koo Kim 《Ocean Science Journal》2016,51(1):13-20

Seven species of Pleuronectidae (Platichthys stellatus, Kareius bicoloratus, Pseudopleuronectes herzensteini, Microstomus achne, Glyptocephalus stelleri, Hippoglossoides dubius, and Limanda punctatissima) were identified based on eggs collected from the western margin of the East Sea (east coast of Korea), using DNA barcoding. The eggs of P. herzensteini and G. stelleri were relatively widely distributed along the east coast of Korea, whereas those of P. stellatus and K. bicoloratus were narrowly distributed; in particular, the eggs of P. stellatus were restricted to areas near bays. The eggs, which share common morphological characteristics (such as a homogeneous yolk and smooth membrane) were divided into three groups according to egg size: group A (more than 1.60 mm in egg diameter, including genera Hippoglossoides and Microstomus), group B (1.00–1.60 mm, including genera Kareius, Glyptocephalus, and Platichthys), and group C (less than 1.00 mm, including genera Limanda and Pseudopleuronectes). This paper provides an overview of the morphological characteristics of the eggs of the family Pleuronectidae collected from the east coast of Korea. Our approach to the analysis of eggs, based on DNA barcoding, morphological characteristics, and geographic distributions, provides a rapid and accurate basis for identifying spawning areas and spawning periods, thus facilitating the assessment and management of fisheries stocks and resources.  相似文献