Editorial     

Mike Bradshaw  & Heather H. Viles 《Area》2001,33(1):3-4

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Seeing how it was?: childhood geographies and memories in home movies     

Heather Norris Nicholson 《Area》2001,33(2):128-140

Home movies provided valuable insights into childhood experiences during much of the twentieth century. Contrasting footage of children in rural and urban setting in Northern England between c.1937 and 1970, viewed through the cinematic gaze of two male amateur film-makers underpins this discussion of childhood geographies in the past. Issues explored in the paper include the social construction of childhood, power relations and visual representation of children, and the role of home movie-making in shaping memories and constituting ideas and ideologies about family and children.  相似文献   

Periglacial geomorphology,clifford embleton and cuchlaine A. M. King,Edward Arnold,London, no. of Pages: 203. Price: £8.95     

David Sugden 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1976,1(4):388-388

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Late quaternary glacial history of George VI Sound area, West Antarctica     

Chalmers M. Clapperton  David E. Sugden 《Quaternary Research》1982,18(3):243-267

During the last glacial maximum in West Antarctica separate ice caps developed on Alexander Island and on Palmer Land, became confluent in George VI Sound, and discharged northward from latitude 72° S. Radiocarbon (>32,000 yr) and amino acid (approximately 120,000 yr) age determinations on shell fragments (Hiatella solida) found in basal till suggest a Wisconsin age for the glaciation that incorporated them. The pattern of ice flow differed from that deduced for this area in the CLIMAP reconstruction. Following the maximum stage, there was a stadial event when outlet valley glaciers flowed from smaller ice caps into George VI Sound. More widespread recession permitted the George VI ice shelf to deposit Palmer Land erratics on eastern Alexander Island before isostatic recovery raised them to final elevations of about 82 m. The ice shelf may have been absent at about 6500 yr B.P., when large barnacles (Bathylasma corolliforme) were living in the sound. Small glaciers readvanced to form at least two terminal moraines before the ice shelf re-formed and incorporated the barnacle shells into its moraine on Alexander Island. The shells gave a ¹⁴C age (corrected for Antarctic conditions) of about 6500 yr B.P. and an amino acid ratio consistent with a Holocene age. Valley glaciers readvanced over the ice-shelf moraine before oscillations of both valley glaciers and the ice shelf led to the formation of the present sequence of contiguous ice-cored moraines, probably during the Little Ice Age. Such oscillations may represent a climatic control not yet observed in the dry valleys of Victoria Land, the only other part of Antarctica studied in detail for glacier fluctuations.  相似文献   

A re-evaluation of the olivine-spinel geothermometer   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Peter L. Roeder  Ian H. Campbell  Heather E. Jamieson 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1979,68(3):325-334

The Irvine olivine-spinel geothermometer, as formulated by Jackson (1969), appears to yield magmatic temperatures when applied to plutonic rocks such as the Stillwater Complex but Evans and Wright (1972) have demonstrated that it gives temperatures in excess of 2,000 ° C when applied to volcanic assemblages. A re-evaluation of the geothermometer has shown that more realistic temperatures can be obtained for volcanic rocks by using a different free energy value of FeCr₂O₄ in the formulation. The revised geothermometer gives temperatures in the range 1,100–1,300 ° C for samples from Kilauea and 500–800 ° C for basic plutonic rocks from layered intrusions, indicating that Mg and Fe²⁺ have re-equilibrated at subsolidus temperatures in these intrusions as suggested by Irvine (1965). This theory was tested by heating uncrushed natural samples from layered intrusions to magmatic temperatures for periods ranging from two days to four weeks. The result was a marked increase in the Mg/Fe²⁺ ratio in the spinels and a decrease in the Mg/Fe²⁺ ratio in the olivines, confirming that considerable subsolidus re-equilibration had taken place in the unheated samples.  相似文献   

At home and abroad with cine enthusiasts: Regional amateur filmmaking and visualizing the Mediterranean, ca. 1928–1962.     

Heather Norris Nicholson 《GeoJournal》2004,59(4):323-333

After the appearance of a portable Kodak cine camera in 1923, home moving making grew steadily in popularity in the years leading up to and following World War II. Cine enthusiasts, particularly in the pre-war period, tended to be male, white and middle class, although exceptions exist, and they tended to travel with their cameras much as earlier generations had documented their experiences in written and artistic form. Despite their amateur status, they were often very professional in their approach to cinematography and they produced material for a range of domestic and public audiences on varied topics and in different genres. Specialist publications and the rapid growth of local amateur film societies fostered the rise of an active non-professional film movement; the result is a highly distinctive although neglected component of film history. With reference to materials held at the North West Film Archives in Manchester, England, this discussion considers the rise of non-professional filmmaking at the regional level during the decades before and after the second world war. Making and showing home movies is placed within various socio-cultural contexts. The imagery discloses much about visual practice, including filmmakers' perceptions and their relationships with different kinds of subject matter. The making of holiday footage, in Mediterranean settings, and its subsequent screening in domestic or public places, connects with broader issues of visualization, social practice and leisure-related consumption. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Tidally phased emergence events in a strongly tidal estuary     

Leslie H. Taylor  Shawn M. Shellito  Heather U. Abello  Peter A. Jumars 《Estuaries and Coasts》2005,28(4):500-509

Acoustic backscatter from an active sonar system over a range of six frequencies between 265 kHz and 3 MHz in the tidally dominated Damariscotta River estuary, Maine, United States, revealed that the major emergence event of the night commenced on the first tidal deceleration after dark (3.5–4 h after local slack), irrespective of flow direction. Emergence traps identified the mysid shrimp,Neomysis americana, as the dominant migrator. Water-column-integrated, acoustically estimated biovolume at our 10-m deep study location increased by a factor of about 6 during these large events, entirely dominating the holoplanktonic contribution and likely being a major component in benthic-pelagic coupling. Application of the same algorithm used to locate this nighttime emergence revealed a parallel but considerably smaller daytime emergence event near the same phase of the tide. Daytime trap samples failed to recover the organisms responsible, but transmissometry rejected the alternative hypothesis that we observed resuspension events. We suspect, but have yet only weak evidence, that animals emerging in daylight are copepods rather than mysids.  相似文献   

Seismogenic zone structure beneath the Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica, from three-dimensional local earthquake P- and S-wave tomography   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Heather R. DeShon  Susan Y. Schwartz  rew V. Newman  Victor González  Marino Protti  LeRoy M. Dorman  Timothy H. Dixon  Daniel E. Sampson  Ernst R. Flueh 《Geophysical Journal International》2006,164(1):109-124

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Effect of artificial maturation on carbazole distributions, as revealed by the hydrous pyrolysis of an organic-sulphur-rich source rock (Ghareb Formation, Jordan)     

Heather Clegg  Brian Horsfield  Heinz Wilkes  Jaap Sinninghe Damst  Martin P. Koopmans 《Organic Geochemistry》1998,29(8):1953-1960

Hydrous pyrolysis experiments were performed on the Ghareb Formation (Upper Cretaceous, Jordan), a carbonate- and organic-rich (TOC 19.6%) source rock, using a temperature range of 200 to 360°C (72 h). The original sediment contains only low amounts of carbazoles, (maximum 2.2 μg/g bitumen for 1-methylcarbazole). With increasing thermal maturation, intense generation begins at temperatures only in excess of 300°C, reaching a maximum at 360°C. Likewise, during natural maturation, generation occurs at later stages of maturity (e.g. for Tithonian source rocks at >0.81% R_r and for Posidonia Shale at >0.88% R_r). Some isomeric changes during hydrous pyrolysis do not resemble those in nature whereas others do. The relative abundances of selected C₁- and C₂-alkylcarbazoles on ternary diagrams reveal differences, whereas the benzo[a]carbazole/benzo[a]carbazole+benzo[c]carbazole ratio is closely similar. The latter result supports the contention that maturation plays a key role in controlling carbazole distributions in source rocks. However, the results for alkylcarbazoles, especially the C₂-carbazoles, are not easy to interpret.  相似文献   

Debris from the basal ice of the Agassiz ice cap,Ellesmere Island,arctic Canada     

A. M. D. Gemmell  M. J. Sharp  D. E. Sugden 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1986,11(2):123-130

This article describes the characteristics of debris obtained from the basal ice in a borehole in the Agassiz ice cap, Ellesmere Island, Northwest Territories by the Canadian Polar Continental Shelf Project in 1979. The debris appears to have been incorporated by basal freezing at a time when the base of the glacier upstream was near the pressure melting point and some 19°C warmer than at the present site. Such an occurrence may be explained by a different flow regime, by a thicker ice sheet, by the influence of irregular bedrock topography on basal ice conditions at some stage in the past, or by a combination of these factors.  相似文献