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71.
Yukio Fujinawa Yoshinobu Tsuji Isao Watabe Ken Sasaki Masao Nomoto Toshiaki Hara Yoshito Tsuji 《Journal of Oceanography》1980,36(5):253-258
The results of laboratory and field experiments on a CTD measuring unit attached to a controllable towed body is described. It was verified that the three-dimensional distribution of salinity and temperature could be observed with sufficient accuracy (to 0.03 in salinity and to 0.01°C in temperature if proper correction is adopted) while cruising at up to 4 knots. A double integrated A/D converter is used to compensate for effects of extraneous environmental changes. 相似文献
72.
An attempt to the approximate figures of seasonal distribution of solar energy reached to and penetrated in the water of the
oceans, as a preliminary step to the estimation of primary production in the oceans from the optical point, was performed
in the Indian Ocean, North Pacific Ocean and Antarctic Ocean on the same lines in the part III. In consequence, the total
amount of solar energy for the year in each depth showed marked differences in each zone of the oceans as illustrated in Fig.
5. By way of example, it could be said that underwater solar energy already came to 33.4 Kg·cal/cm2·year in 10 m deep in the equator of Indian Ocean and was 54% of that, in the Kuroshio region of the North Pacific Ocean,
44% in the Sub-Antarctic zone, 13% in the Antarctic zone and 6% in the Antarctic Convergence zone, respectively.
Besides, on the assumption that a lower limit of the photic zone is marked by the depth here underwater surface solar energy
is reduced to 1% or 5g·cal/cm2·day, the ratio of the total photic zone for the year in unit area of sea surface was approximately 100∶80∶60∶25 or 100∶75∶50∶20
in the equator of the Indian Ocean, Kuroshio region, Sub-Antarctic zone, and Antarctic and Antarctic Convergence zones, respectively. 相似文献
73.
Takemitsu?ArakakiEmail author Hiroyuki?Fujimura Asha?Mansour?Hamdun Kouichirou?Okada Hiroaki?Kondo Tamotsu?Oomori Akira?Tanahara Hatsuo?Taira 《Journal of Oceanography》2005,61(3):561-568
The northern part of Okinawa Island suffers from red soil pollution—runoff of red soil into coastal seawater—which damages coastal ecosystems and scenery. To elucidate the impacts of red soil pollution on the oxidizing power of seawater, hydrogen peroxide (HOOH) and iron species including Fe(II) and total iron (Fe(tot), defined as the sum of Fe(II) and Fe(III)) were measured simultaneously in seawater from Taira Bay (red-soil-polluted sea) and Sesoko Island (unpolluted sea), off the northern part of Okinawa Island, Japan. We performed simultaneous measurements of HOOH and Fe(II) because the reaction between HOOH and Fe(II) forms hydroxyl radical (•OH), the most potent environmental oxidant. Gas-phase HOOH concentrations were also measured to better understand the sources of HOOH in seawater. Both HOOH and Fe(II) in seawater showed a clear diurnal variation, i.e. higher in the daytime and lower at night, while Fe(tot) concentrations were relatively constant throughout the sampling period. Fe(II) and Fe(tot) concentrations were approximately 58% and 19% higher in red-soil-polluted seawater than in unpolluted seawater. Gas-phase HOOH and seawater HOOH concentrations were comparable at both sampling sites, ranging from 1.4 to 5.4 ppbv in air and 30 to 160 nM in seawater. Since Fe(II) concentrations were higher in red-soil-polluted seawater while concentrations of HOOH were similar, •OH would form faster in red-soil-polluted seawater than in unpolluted seawater. Since the major scavenger of •OH, Br−, is expected to have similar concentrations at both sites, red-soil-polluted seawater is expected to have higher steady-state •OH concentrations. 相似文献
74.
Spatial Variability of Living Coccolithophore Distribution in the Western Subarctic Pacific and Western Bering Sea 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hiroshi Hattori Makoto Koike Kenichi Tachikawa Hiroaki Saito Kazuya Nagasawa 《Journal of Oceanography》2004,60(2):505-515
Vertical distributions of coccolithophores were observed in the depth range 0–50 m in the western subarctic Pacific and western
Bering Sea in summer, 1997. Thirty-five species of coccolithophores were collected. Overall, Emiliania huxleyi var. huxleyi was the most abundant taxon, accounting for 82.8% of all coccolithophores, although it was less abundant in the western Bering
Sea. Maximum abundance of this species was found in an area south of 41°N and east of 175°E (Transition Zone) reaching >10,000
cells L−1 in the water column. In addition to this species, Coccolithus pelagicus f. pelagicus, which accounted for 4.2% of the assemblage, was representative of the coccolithophore standing crop in the western part
of the subarctic Pacific. Coccolithus pelagicus f. hyalinus was relatively abundant in the Bering Sea, accounting for 2.6% of the assemblage. Coccolithophore standing crops in the top
50 m were high south of 41°N (>241 × 106 cells m−2) and east of 170°E (542 × 106 cells m−2) where temperatures were higher than 12°C and salinities were greater than 34.2. The lowest standing crop was observed in
the Bering Sea and Oyashio areas where temperatures were lower than 6–10°C and salinities were less than 33.0. From the coccolithophore
volumes, the calcite stocks in the Transition, Subarctic, and the Bering Sea regions were estimated to be 73.0, 9.7, and 6.9
mg m−2, respectively, corresponding to calcite fluxes of 3.6, 0.5, and 0.3 mg m−2d−1 using Stoke's Law.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
75.
Mesozooplankton responses to iron-fertilization in the western subarctic Pacific (SEEDS2001) 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
A mesoscale iron-fertilization experiment was carried out in the western subarctic Pacific during summer 2001. The iron-patch was traced for 14 days after the fertilization, and the abundance and behavior of mesozooplankton were compared with those outside of the patch. The phytoplankton biomass in the patch rapidly increased to over 15 times the initial level by the later half of the observation period, and was composed of large-sized (>10 mm), centric diatoms. Dominant zooplankton species in the upper 200-m depth were large copepods: Neocalanus plumchrus, Neocalanus cristatus, Eucalanus bungii and Metridia pacifica. Mesozoplankton biomass as well as species composition did not change significantly in the patch over the observation period. Furthermore, no changes of vertical distribution or diel vertical migration were observed for any species or stages of mesozooplankton throughout the observation period. However, the abundance of the first copepodite stages of N. plumchrus and E. bungii increased several fold in the patch after the diatom bloom formation compared to the densities outside the patch. The increases of both species are considered to be due to lowered mortality during the egg and nauplius stages. Spawning of N. plumchrus takes place at depth using lipid storage, while spawning of E. bungii takes place in the surface layer supported by grazing. These facts suggest that the relative importance of nauplii in the diets of the large copepods was decreased in the patch by the diatom bloom. Gut-pigment contents of dominant copepods in the patch increased 4–18 times, and the maximum values were observed during the bloom peak. However, the grazing impact on phytoplankton was low throughout the experiment, especially during the bloom period (<6% of the primary production). 相似文献
76.
Summary Mechanisms associated with Alpine lee cyclogenesis during the early phase of their generation are investigated using a variational quasigeostrophic filter technique. It was possible to extract the quasigeostrophic signal from the available analyzed real data set.The results presented here are for the 11–12 March 1982, an example of so-called orographically induced lee cyclogenesis. Non-quasigeostrophic fields, calculated as a difference between observations and the quasigeostrophic fields, show significant magnitudes indicating the possible importance of non-quasigeostrophic processes. A dipole structure in the residual geopotential field was observed, similar to the results of numerical model experiments. Also, a strong upper-level non-quasigeostrophic divergence was found in the Alpine region 24 hours prior to lee cyclogenesis, lasting for 6–12 hours. On the other hand, quasigeostrophic results indicate only a local effect of mountain slopes, suggesting possibly a dominant role of the low-level blocking. A hypothetical scenario of Alpine lee cyclogenesis is proposed, based on results obtained here.With 14 Figures 相似文献
77.
78.
Space observations of solar flares such as those from Yohkoh, SOHO, TRACE, and RHESSI have revealed a lot of observational
evidence of magnetic reconnection in solar flares: cusp-shaped arcades, reconnection inflows, plasmoids, etc. Thus it has
been established, at least phenomenologically, that magnetic reconnection does occur in solar flares. However, a number of
fundamental questions and puzzles still remain in the physics of reconnection in solar flares. In this paper, we discuss the
recent progresses and future prospects in the study of magnetic reconnection in solar flares from both theoretical and observational
points of view. 相似文献
79.
Mst. Hawa Bibi Faruque Ahmed Hiroaki Ishiga Takashi Asaeda Takeshi Fujino 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,60(3):655-670
Geochemical analyses of lakebed and core sediments from Lake Sambe on the outskirts of Oda City in Shimane prefecture in southwestern
Japan were carried out in order to assess the water quality and the concentration and distribution patterns of sixteen elements.
The lake water showed a stratified condition with respect to dissolved O2, and As, Fe, and Mn concentrations in the bottom layers which increased in the summer. The chemical composition of the sediments,
as measured by X-ray fluorescence, included major and trace elements (P, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Sr, Zr, Pb,
and Th), and total sulfur (TS). Elevated values of As, Zn, V, Fe, P, and TS were present in several layers of the upper cores
(from 0 to 5 cm) and other surface sediments. Increases in the abundances of these metals in lake sediments are probably related
to the reducing condition of the sediments, fine-grained organic rich sediments, and post-depositional diagenetic remobilization.
Moreover, correlations between the concentrations of trace metals and iron in the sediments suggest their adsorption onto
Fe (oxy)hydroxides, whereas correlations with sulfur indicate that they were precipitated as Fe-sulfides. The average abundances
of As, Pb, Zn, and Cu exceeded the lowest effect level and Interim Sediment Quality Guideline values that the New York State
Department of Environmental Conservation and the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment determined to have moderate
impact on aquatic organisms. In addition, concentrations of As and Zn exceeded the Coastal Ocean Sediment Database threshold
value, indicating potentially toxic levels. Therefore, the presence of trace metals in the lake sediments may result in adverse
effects on biota health. 相似文献
80.
Abstract: K–Ar datings and oxygen isotope analyses revealed a cooling history of the Uchiyama granitic pluton, which is genetically related to the Pb-Zn deposits (Taishu mine) in the Tsushima Islands, Japan. The pluton intrudes into the Paleogene Taishu Group to form the biotite-hornfels zone, while the Taishu vein-type Pb–Zn deposits occur in fissures developed in the non-hornfels zone about 1 to 3 km westward from the contact. Amphibole and biotite K-Ar ages of the pluton have a wide range from 19 to 13 Ma. Oxygen isotopes of the biotite and coexisting quartz grains indicate that isotopic exchange reactions have occurred under subsolidus conditions, and that the K-Ar ages are affected by various cooling rates in the pluton. The mineralization age of the Taishu ore deposits is obtained for the first time to be 15.40.8 Ma by a K-Ar age of 2 M 1 –muscovite in a calcite–quartz–muscovite–chlorite veinlet of the Shintomi orebody. Whole rock K-Ar ages of biotite-hornfels near the pluton represent similar ages to the ore deposits. Using blocking temperature calculated from reported diffusivity for argon, the pluton was cooled from 560 to 350C in the period of 17 to 14 Ma. The vein formation took place after the time when temperature in wall rocks of the pluton had dropped below the brittle-plastic transition (about 400C). These results imply that the cooling of the pluton has caused injection of magmatic fluids into meteoric hydrothermal systems, and the Pb-Zn mineralization has occurred due to this mixing at the age of about 15 Ma. 相似文献