Rapid three-dimensional urban model production using bilayered displacement mapping     

B. Yoo 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(1):24-46

The depiction and navigation of large-scale urban landscapes are limited by the great cost of traditional computer-aided design (CAD) models for large urban environment in terms of both the labor of data entry and the runtime computational expense. This article presents a hybrid modeling approach that enables rapid urban model production from legacy spatial data. Our scheme fills the gap between the low geometry models, such as photo-textured digital terrains, and high geometry models, such as true three-dimensional CAD models. To achieve optimal performance in modeling and rendering, we employ bilayered displacement mapping consisting of global displacement mapping (GDM) for terrains and local displacement mapping (LDM) for buildings. The LDM is performed only within image processing so that the complexity of the models depends only on the area of an urban model. We present a use case of rapid urban model production to compare our approach with the traditional polygonal urban models of a widely used geo-browser.  相似文献   

Adsorption Characteristics of Rhodamine B from Aqueous Solution onto Baryte     

Govindasamy Vijayakumar  Chang Kyoo Yoo  Kuppana Gounder P. Elango  Mahendiradas Dharmendirakumar 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2010,38(2):202-209

Batch sorption experiments were carried out for the adsorption of the basic dye Rhodamine B from aqueous solution using baryte as the adsorbent. The effect of adsorbent dosage, temperature, initial dye concentration and pH were studied. Adsorption data were modeled using first and second order kinetic equations and the intra particle diffusion model. Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption process followed second order rate kinetics with an average rate constant of 0.05458 g mg^–1 min^–1. Dye adsorption equilibrium was attained rapidly after 30 min of contact time. The equilibrium data was fitted to the Langmuir, Freundlich and Tempkin isotherms over a dye concentration range of 50–250 mg/L. The adsorption thermodynamic parameters showed that adsorption was an exothermic, spontaneous and less ordered arrangement process. The adsorbent, baryte, was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that baryte has good potential for the removal of Rhodamine B from dilute aqueous solution.  相似文献   

Transposon mutagenesis of Psychrobacter cryohalolentis PAMC 21807 by tri-parental conjugation     

Hyu：n-Jeong Jeong  Hyoungseok Leet  Soon Gyu Hong  Jang-Cheon Cho  Hong Kum Lee  Yoo Kyung lee 《极地研究(英文版)》2013,(4):223-230

Random mutagenesis is commonly used to study gene function. The screening of mutants exhibiting specific pheno- types assists in the identification of phenotype-related genes. In the current study, we isolated Antarctic bacteria, and developed a transposon Tn5 mutagenesis system. A total of 26 strains were isolated from seawater and freshwater near Antarctic King Sejong Research Station, King George Island. Six Psychrobacter strains were identified as psychrophilic, with optimal growth tempera- tures of 10~C or 15~C Psychrobacter cryohalolentis PAMC 21807 with a high growth rate at 4~C was selected for transposon mutagenesis. Tri-parental conjugation with a plasmid containing Tn5 produced 13 putative recombinants containing the selectable marker. Genomic Southern hybridization confirmed Tn5 existed as episomes for seven recombinants, and for a single recombinant, Tn5 was integrated into the genome of Psychrobacter cryohalolentis PAMC 21807. The result indicates that the mutagenesis method, although successful, has a relatively low rate. The psychrophilic bacteria isolated in this study may be a useful resource for studying cold adaptation mechanisms, and the mutagenesis method can be applied to genetic analysis.  相似文献   

Physical and Acoustic Properties of Gas-bearing Sediments in Jinhae Bay,the South Sea of Korea     

Gwang-Soo Lee  Gwang-Hoon Lee  Soo-Choul Park  Gil-Young Kim  Dong-Geun Yoo 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(2):96-114

High-resolution seismic survey and sediment core sampling were conducted to investigate acoustic characteristics of gas-bearing sediments in Jinhae Bay, the southeast of Korea. The sediment in Jinhae Bay is mostly homogenous mud deposited after the Holocene transgression. Along with the 410 km of chirp seismic profiling, five piston core samples were collected on the track lines.

Gassy sediments are common and occur widely in the bay. Core samples were analyzed for sediment texture, physical properties (porosity, water content, bulk density, and grain density), acoustic properties (compressional wave velocity and attenuation), and electrical resistivity. X-radiograph image analysis was also performed to observe the shape of degassing cracks. There is no significant downcore variation on physical and sediment textures regardless of existence of gas bubbles. However, compressional wave velocity dramatically decreases from average 1480 to 1380～739 m/s for the cores that penetrate the gas-bearing zones. This is probably due to degassying cracks that developed by escaping gases and free gas bubbles that are still trapped in the cores. Electrical resistivity is the only geotechnical property that increases in the gas-bearing zone where compressional wave velocity abruptly decreases. This indicates the possibility of using both electrical resistivity as an index variable as well as to compressional wave velocity to identify gassy sediment microstructure because there are little changes in texture and composition of sediment.  相似文献   

Stepwise Sequential Extraction of As‐, Cu‐, and Pb‐Contaminated Paddy Soil          下载免费PDF全文

Woo‐Seung Kim  Jong‐Chan Yoo  Eun‐Ki Jeon  Jung‐Seok Yang  Kitae Baek 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2014,42(12):1785-1789

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Effect of salinity on acute copper and zinc toxicity to Tigriopus japonicus: The difference between metal ions and nanoparticles     

Junbeom Park  Soyoun Kim  Jisu Yoo  Jae-Seong Lee  June-Woo Park  Jinho Jung 《Marine pollution bulletin》2014

We investigated the effects of salinity (5‰, 15‰, 25‰ and 35‰) on metal ion (Cu and Zn) and nanoparticle (NP) CuO and ZnO toxicity to Tigriopus japonicus. Increasing the test media volume without renewal increased the 96-h LC₅₀ for Cu (32.75 mg L⁻¹) compared to the reported value (3.9 mg L⁻¹). There was no significant difference in acute toxicity at different salinities between acclimated and unacclimated T. japonicus (p > 0.05). Increasing salinity decreased the dissolved concentrations of Cu and Zn ions due to the precipitation of the metal ions, consequently reducing the acute toxicity to T. japonicus. The effect of salinity on acute CuO and ZnO NP toxicity was similar to that on metal ion toxicity. Since the aggregation of NPs generally enhanced at higher salinities, both the dissolution and aggregation of CuO and ZnO NPs may control the effect of salinity on acute toxicity to T. japonicus.  相似文献   

Improved fog detection from satellite in the presence of clouds     

Jung-Moon Yoo  Myeong-Jae Jeong  Young Min Hur  Dong-Bin Shin 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2010,46(1):29-40

This study analyzes radiative effect of the higher clouds over the fog layer and presents the improvement of fog detection over the Korean peninsula, utilizing satellite data of the Multi-functional Transport SATellite (MTSAT)-1R and the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Look-Up Table (LUT) based on Radiative Transfer Model (RTM) simulations. Fog detection utilizing the satellite data from visible (0.68 µm) and infrared (3.75 µm and 10.8 µm) channels has been evaluated in comparison with ground-based observations over 52 meteorological stations in the Korean Peninsula from March 2006 to February 2007. The threshold values for fog sensing have been derived from the difference (i.e., T_3.7–11) in brightness temperature between 3.75 µm (T_3.7) and 10.8 µm (T₁₁) during day and night, and also from the reflectivity at 0.68 µm (R_0.68) in the daytime. In the twilight, however, the difference between the temperature values at 10.8 µm and their maximum within previous 15 days (i.e., T_11max-11) are used instead, because the 3.75 µm channel is inaccurate for the fog detection at dawn/dusk. The sensitivity of the T_3.7–11 values with respect to the clouds is investigated based on the cloud variables such as its height, optical thickness, and amount. The values of T_3.7–11 are the most sensitive to cloud height, followed by cloud optical thickness and effective radius, while R0.68 is insensitive to cloud height. The sensitivity is examined with various conditions of cloud phases and day/night. Sixteen cases among eighteen fog occurrences, which have been unable to be sensed by using only the conventional threshold values, are successfully detected with the additional LUT corrections, indicating a significant improvement. The method of fog detection in this study can be useful to the Communication, Ocean, and Meteorological Satellite (COMS) Meteorological Data Processing System (CMDPS) by reducing the cloud effect on fog sensing.  相似文献   

Local topography and erosion rate control regolith thickness along a ridgeline in the Sierra Nevada,California          下载免费PDF全文

Emmanuel J. Gabet  Simon M. Mudd  David T. Milodowski  Kyungsoo Yoo  Martin D. Hurst  Anthony Dosseto 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2015,40(13):1779-1790

The ridgelines of mountain ranges are a source of geomorphic information unadulterated by the arrival of sediment from upslope. Studies along ridgecrests, therefore, can help identify and isolate the controls on important regolith properties such as thickness and texture. A 1.5 km section of ridgeline in the Sierra Nevada (CA) with a tenfold decrease in erosion rate (inferred from ridgetop convexity) provided an opportunity to conduct a high‐resolution survey of regolith properties and investigate their controls. We found that regolith along the most quickly eroding section of the ridge was the rockiest and had the lowest clay concentrations. Furthermore, a general increase in regolith thickness with a slowing of erosion rate was accompanied by an increase in biomass, changes in vegetation community, broader ridgeline profiles, and an apparent increase in total available moisture. The greatest source of variation in regolith thickness at the 10–100 m scale, however, was the local topography along the ridgeline, with the deepest regolith in the saddles and the thinnest on the knobs. Because regolith in the saddles had higher surface soil moisture than the knobs, we conclude that the hydrological conditions primarily driven by local topography (i.e. rapid vs. slow drainage and water‐storage potential) provide the fundamental controls on regolith thickness through feedbacks incorporating physical weathering by the biota and chemical weathering. Moreover, because the ridgeline saddles are the uppermost extensions of first‐order valleys, we propose that the fluvial network affects regolith properties in the furthest reaches of the watershed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Evaluation of cloud properties in the NOAA/NCEP global forecast system using multiple satellite products     

Hyelim Yoo  Zhanqing Li 《Climate Dynamics》2012,39(12):2769-2787

Knowledge of cloud properties and their vertical structure is important for meteorological studies due to their impact on both the Earth’s radiation budget and adiabatic heating within the atmosphere. The objective of this study is to evaluate bulk cloud properties and vertical distribution simulated by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental Prediction Global Forecast System (GFS) using three global satellite products. Cloud variables evaluated include the occurrence and fraction of clouds in up to three layers, cloud optical depth, liquid water path, and ice water path. Cloud vertical structure data are retrieved from both active (CloudSat/CALIPSO) and passive sensors and are subsequently compared with GFS model results. In general, the GFS model captures the spatial patterns of hydrometeors reasonably well and follows the general features seen in satellite measurements, but large discrepancies exist in low-level cloud properties. More boundary layer clouds over the interior continents were generated by the GFS model whereas satellite retrievals showed more low-level clouds over oceans. Although the frequencies of global multi-layer clouds from observations are similar to those from the model, latitudinal variations show discrepancies in terms of structure and pattern. The modeled cloud optical depth over storm track region and subtropical region is less than that from the passive sensor and is overestimated for deep convective clouds. The distributions of ice water path (IWP) agree better with satellite observations than do liquid water path (LWP) distributions. Discrepancies in LWP/IWP distributions between observations and the model are attributed to differences in cloud water mixing ratio and mean relative humidity fields, which are major control variables determining the formation of clouds.  相似文献   

Estimating ground-level particulate matter concentrations using satellite-based data: a review     

Minso Shin  Yoojin Kang  Seohui Park  Cheolhee Yoo  Lindi J. Quackenbush 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2020,57(2):174-189

ABSTRACT

Particulate matter (PM) is a widely used indicator of air quality. Satellite-derived aerosol products such as aerosol optical depth (AOD) have been a useful source of data for ground-level PM monitoring. However, satellite-based approaches for PM monitoring have limitations such as impacts of cloud cover. Recently, many studies have documented advances in modeling for monitoring PM over the globe. This review examines recent papers on ground-level PM monitoring for the past 10 years focusing on modeling techniques, sensor types, and areas. Satellite-based retrievals of AOD and commonly used approaches for estimating PM concentrations are also briefly reviewed. Research trends and challenges are discussed based on the review of 130 papers. The limitations and challenges include spatiotemporal scale issues, missing values in satellite-based variables, sparse distribution of ground stations for calibration and validation, unbalanced distribution of PM concentrations, and difficulty in the operational use of satellite-based PM estimation models. The literature review suggests there is room for further investigating: 1) the spatial extension of PM monitoring to global scale; 2) the synergistic use of satellite-derived products and numerical model output to improve PM estimation accuracy, gap-filling, and operational monitoring; 3) the use of more advanced modeling techniques including data assimilations; 4) the improvement of emission data quality; and 5) short-term (hours to days) PM forecasts through combining satellite data and numerical forecast model results.  相似文献