Potential risks to freshwater resources as a result of leakage from CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> geological storage: a batch-reaction experiment     

Jiemin Lu  Judson W. Partin  Susan D. Hovorka  Corinne Wong 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,60(2):335-348

In assessing the feasibility of widespread deployment of CO₂ geological storage, it is prudent to first assess potential consequences of an error or accident that could lead to CO₂ leakage into groundwater resources above a sequestration interval. Information about the sensitivity of the groundwater system to introduction of CO₂ is needed in order to design groundwater monitoring program. A laboratory-batch experiment was conducted to explore the range of CO₂ impact on groundwater quality of a spectrum of representative aquifers, in the Gulf Coast region, USA. Results show that CO₂ elevated concentrations of many cations within hours or days. Two types of cations were recognized according to their concentration trends. Type I cations—Ca, Mg, Si, K, Sr, Mn, Ba, Co, B, Zn—rapidly increased following initial CO₂ flux and reached stable concentrations before the end of the experiment. Type II cations—Fe, Al, Mo, U, V, As, Cr, Cs, Rb, Ni and Cu—increased at the start of CO₂ flux, but declined, in most cases, to levels lower than pre-CO₂ concentrations. Dissolution of dolomite and calcite caused the largest increase in concentrations for Ca, Mg, Mn, Ba and Sr. Cation release rates decreased linearly as pH increased during mineral buffering. Experiment results suggest that carbonate minerals are the dominant contributor of changes in groundwater quality. Risk assessments of potential degradation of groundwater and monitoring strategies should focus on these fast-reacting minerals. Mobilization risk of Type II cations, however, may be self-mitigated because adsorption occurs when pH rebounds.  相似文献   

An unsaturated soil model with minimal number of parameters based on bounding surface plasticity     

M. Morvan  H. Wong  D. Branque 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2010,34(14):1512-1537

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The effect of forbidden transitions on cosmological hydrogen and helium recombination     

Wan Yan Wong  Douglas Scott 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,375(4):1441-1448

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The Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) – A multi-scale nonhydrostatic atmospheric simulation and prediction tool. Part II: Model physics and applications     

M. Xue  K. K. Droegemeier  V. Wong  A. Shapiro  K. Brewster  F. Carr  D. Weber  Y. Liu  D. Wang 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2001,76(3-4):143-165

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Monitoring interannual dynamics of desertification in Minqin County,China, using dense Landsat time series     

Xiaolin Zhu  Kwok Huen Leung  Wing Sze Li  Lek Kin Cheung 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2020,13(8):886-898

ABSTRACT

Minqin County in northwestern China is highly affected by desertification. Campaigns have been initiated in recent decades to combat desertification in Minqin. To assess the effectiveness of these campaigns, this study used a dense Landsat time series from 1987 to 2017 to investigate the interannual dynamics of vegetation coverage and greenness over the past 31 years. First, this study applied an advanced technology to reconstruct a high-quality Landsat annual time series. Specifically, one image in the vegetation-peak season was selected as the base image in each year, and then problematic pixels were interpolated by the neighborhood similar pixel interpolator using ancillary images in the same year. Second, the land cover map and the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) were derived from all reconstructed images. Third, the change of vegetation coverage and EVI values over the 31 years were analyzed. The results show that the total vegetation coverage and greenness increased during the 31 years. Linking this change trend to other factors suggests that vegetation in Minqin County is highly affected by agriculture and groundwater supply rather than by climate. To mitigate desertification in a sustainable way, agriculture should be well managed to avoid overconsumption of natural resources such as underground water.  相似文献   

珠江三角洲全新世环境变化与文化起源及传播的关系   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6  

翁齐浩 《地理科学》1994,14(1):1-8

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Heavy metal release from mine tailings into sea water—A laboratory study     

John T. Hoff  J.A.J. Thompson  C.S. Wong 《Marine pollution bulletin》1982,13(8):286

In a laboratory experiment to simulate mine tailings disposal into a coastal inlet of British Columbia, initial rapid increases in dissolved iron, copper and lead were observed in the first three hours with subsequent slow decreases to background values within one month. Manganese and nickel increased slowly during the experiment while cadmium and zinc did not increase.  相似文献   

Metal contents of the two marine algae found on iron ore tailings     

M.H. Wong  K.Y. Chan  S.H. Kwan  C.F. Mo 《Marine pollution bulletin》1979,10(2):56-59

The two marine algae, Chaetomorpha brychagona and Enteromorpha crinita are found abundantly on the iron ore tailings of Tolo Harbour, Hong Kong, with a rather high level of various metals. Tissue analysis of the algae revealed that the contents of heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn) were higher than in the population collected from the two uncontaminated sites far away from the tailings. It was suggested that the algae were able to adapt to such a harsh environment with a comparatively high level of trace elements and the lack of basic nutrients. However, further studies are needed before any conclusion can be drawn. The delicate situation of the land-locked sea, Tolo Harbour, where the tailings and future heavy industrial site are situated, should not be overlooked.  相似文献   

A note on the dynamic response of rigid embedded foundations     

J. E. Luco  H. L. Wong  M. D. Trifunac 《地震工程与结构动力学》1975,4(2):119-127

The problem of the dynamic response of rigid embedded foundations subjected to the action of external forces and seismic excitation is analysed. It is shown that to calculate the response of rigid embedded foundations, or the response of flat rigid foundations subjected to non-vertically incident seismic waves, it is necessary to obtain not only the impedance matrix for the foundation, but also the forces induced by the incident seismic waves. Under these general conditions, rocking and torsional motion of the foundation is generated in addition to translation. The case of a two-dimensional rigid foundation of semi-elliptical cross-section is used as an example to illustrate the effects of the embedment depth and angle of incidence of the seismic waves on the response of the foundation.  相似文献   

Changes in benthos following the clean-up of a severely metalpolluted cove in the Hudson River estuary: Environmental restoration or ecological disturbance?     

Brendan?P.?Kelaher  Jeffrey?S.?LevintonEmail author  Jamina?Oomen  Bengt?J.?Allen  Wai?Hing?Wong 《Estuaries and Coasts》2003,26(6):1505-1516

We studied changes in macrobenthic communities following the environmental clean-up of metal-polluted (cadmium, nickel, and cobalt) sediments in Foundry Cove, a small inlet within the Hudson River estuary of New York. We used a BACI-style experiment to test the hypotheses that high levels of cadmium in sediments change macrobenthic assemblages relative to unpolluted areas, and removal of metals (especially cadmium) by dredging will restore the benthos, such that benthic fauna in Foundry Cove are not different from unpolluted areas. In 1984, prior to the restoration work, there were no significant differneces between macrobenthic assemblages in polluted and unpolluted locations, indicating that cadmium had little effect on community structure. The lack of an observed toxicity effect may have been caused by the compensatory evolution of resistance to cadmium in dominant organisms. Six years after the restoration work and despite a substantial reduction in metal pollution, there were lower abundances of oligochaetes, nematodes, and chironomids and a higher abundance of polychaetes at Foundry Cove relative to reference locations. Correlative analyses identified greater sediment compaction caused by dredging at Foundry, Cove as a possible cause of faunal differences. The results demonstrate that it is difficult to accurately predict, the effects of anthropogenic disturbances and restorations in complex natural systems and that unforeseen side effects are inevitable. Documenting these unpredicted effects and experimentally understanding their causes in past restorations will greatly improve the success and cost-effectiveness of future projects of a similar type.  相似文献