Characterisation of choline esterases and their tissue and subcellular distribution in mussel (Mytilus edulis)     

Brown M  Davies IM  Moffat CF  Redshaw J  Craft JA 《Marine environmental research》2004,57(3):155-169

Acetylcholinesterase in mussel is potentially a useful biomarker of exposure to organophosphates (OP) in the marine environment. This study looked at cholinesterase activity in subcellular fractions of various tissues from the common mussel, Mytilus edulis. Measurement of enzyme rates demonstrated that although highest specific activity was found in foot 'mitochondrial' fraction, recovery of activity was very low. Gill 'microsomal' fraction had the second highest specific activity with a useful level of recovery and therefore was the most suitable tissue fraction for biomarker applications. Comparative studies of alternative alkylthiocholine substrates and competitive inhibitors suggest there is a single cholinesterase enzyme type present in this fraction. Inhibition of alkylcholine hydrolysis by BW284C51, specific to acetylcholinesterase in vertebrates, showed that cholinesterase activity in gill 'microsomal' fraction is inhibited by this compound but to a lesser extent than in vertebrate AChE. Inhibition of cholinesterase activity by azamethiphos in gill 'microsomal' fraction gave an IC50 of approximately 100 microM and showed both time and concentration dependence. However this indicates a lower potency compared to other animals and it is debatable whether mussel cholinesterase activity is useful as a biomarker of exposure in the field.  相似文献   

南海北部陆坡天然气水合物成藏机理研究：意义、现状与问题   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴能友 苏新宋海斌  蒋少涌吴时国韩喜球  祝有海黄永样卢正权  于兴河何丽娟刘学伟  耿建华叶瑛王秀娟  梁金强吕万军 王宏斌 《海洋地质》2007,(3):1-11

天然气水合物是近三十多年重视起来的一种新型能源，被誉为21世纪洁净替代燃料，已逐步引起越来越多国家政府、企业、科学家的广泛关注和高度重视。以南海北部陆坡作为研究案例，充分利用我国海域天然气水合物调查评价和钻探工程资料的优势，重点开展天然气水合物成藏机理和分布规律理论研究，通过成藏理论创新，提高成藏预测能力，具有重要的科学意义和应用价值。 围绕海洋天然气水合物成藏系统，国际上在物质来源及成因机理、物理化学特征、形成环境及成藏模式、分布规律和资源评价等方面取得了显著进展。我国南海北部陆坡天然气水合物调查评价发现了一系列天然气水合物存在的地质、地球物理、地球化学和生物证据，钻探发现并取得了天然气水合物实物样品，但尚有许多关键科学问题需要解决，包括天然气水合物成藏系统中气、水、沉积物和水合物间的相互作用，天然气水合物的物理、化学响应机理及构造运动和沉积作用对我国海域天然气水合物的控矿机理等。  相似文献   

灾害性天气个例库智能分析系统的设计与实现   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

焦圣明  郑媛媛  王宏斌  徐芬  鲍婷婷  王啸华 《气象》2017,43(3):354-364

灾害性天气个例库智能分析系统是由基础数据支持子系统(数据层)、气象数据应用中间件子系统(服务层)和个例库综合分析业务子系统(应用层)3部分组成,综合运用HTML5 Canvas技术、数据库技术、GIS技术、高效可视化渲染技术等实现了气象灾害性天气个例的交互式录入、关键词查询与检索以及相关气象资料智能再分析等功能。文章针对系统的组成架构、个例库设计、功能特点等关键技术进行了重点探讨,并详细介绍个例库录入与查询、WebGIS组件、可视化渲染以及气象资料再分析等功能的设计和实现。系统投入业务运行结果表明,页面响应速度快、兼容浏览器性能佳、人机交互体验好,能够满足高效、智能、灵活的业务需求,在为预报员建立正确的预报思路、提升天气过程分析能力等方面发挥了重要作用。  相似文献   

Differential gene expression in mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus) following treatment with pyrene: comparison to a creosote contaminated site     

Roling JA  Bain LJ  Baldwin WS 《Marine environmental research》2004,57(5):377-395

Mummichogs, Fundulus heteroclitus, an estuarine fish with a relatively small home range found along the eastern coast of the United States are well-suited to monitoring contaminant effects, including those of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). One of the common PAHs in estuaries is pyrene. We report here on efforts to develop multiple biomarkers of pyrene exposure in this species. Adult male mummichogs were exposed in the laboratory to the weak aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist pyrene at 0, 30, or 50 microg/L in 7-day static renewal exposures. The RNA was extracted from livers and alterations in mRNA expression were assessed by subtractive hybridization and differential display in order to produce multiple biomarkers of pyrene exposure. Genes demonstrating differential expression were confirmed by quantitative-PCR (Q-PCR) and include cytochrome P-450 1A (CYP1A), a putative hepatocyte growth factor activator, a X-ray inducible retrotransposon, and several expressed sequenced tags (ESTs). Some of these genes represent new biomarkers of pyrene exposure and potential biomarkers of PAH exposure. Therefore, similar changes were investigated at a Superfund site in Charleston, SC. Mummichogs from a creosote contaminated site and from a reference site (North Inlet National Estuarine Research Reserve near Georgetown, SC) were trapped, RNA extracted from the livers, and Q-PCR performed. Many of the genes differentially expressed following pyrene exposure were not altered at the creosote contaminated site in comparison to the reference site. However, CYP1A and an EST were induced. CYP1A induction at Diesel Creek indicates that this population of fish does not demonstrate refractory CYP1A phenotypes observed at several sites with high levels of AhR agonists. Ultimately, we anticipate that the use of multiple biomarkers of PAH exposure will provide useful information on the potential effects of toxicants.  相似文献   

AVO属性分析在天然气水合物地震解释中的应用     

梁劲  梁金强  王宏斌  沙志彬 《物探化探计算技术》2008,30(1):22-26

利用AVO(Amplitude Versus Offset)属性分析技术,对南海北部测线B进行了AVO属性处理,结合BSR(Bottom Simulating Reflector),振幅空白带以及波形极性反转等多种水合物赋存信息,对水合物成矿带及游离气带的AVO属性特征进行了综合研究.结果表明:①AVO 1和AVO 9可用于检测BSR和水合物成矿带;②AVO 4、AVO 6 、AVO 9用于游离气带的检测;③AVO 1高截距值表示上、下层P波速度差值大,弱反射或空白反射表示水合物分布均匀,是水合物富集和稳定的表现;④AVO 4高值表示有游离气存在,强反射特征为游离气顶的反射;⑤AVO 6正值,表示有游离气存在,强反射的发育厚度代表游离气的发育厚度;⑥AVO 9低幅值表示水合物成矿带,正值表示游离气带.研究结果表明,高精度AVO分析不仅可以帮助寻找水合物矿点,还可以进一步判定水合物的富集层位.  相似文献   

江苏秋冬季重度霾的分型研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

戴竹君  刘端阳  王宏斌  魏建苏  姜有山 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2016,74(1):133-148

利用常规观测资料、探空资料和NCEP再分析资料对江苏秋冬季重度霾的环流背景、边界层特征、热力条件、动力条件及气流轨迹进行了分析,探讨重度霾的形成机制。结果表明,2014年秋冬季纬向环流较常年显著增强,500 hPa转西北气流对重度霾缓解有6-12 h的提前指示意义。重度霾发生时的地面形势可分为3类:均压区型、冷锋前部型和低压倒槽型。东路冷空气驱霾效果优于西路冷空气。重度霾发生时主要是贴地逆温,风速在4 m/s以下,霾消散前一致转北风,日变化明显,下午霾常有所减轻。逆温强度方面,低压倒槽型强于西路冷锋前部型,强于均压区型;逆温持续时间方面,低压倒槽型长于西路冷锋前部型,长于均压区型;逆温厚度方面,3种类型基本相当;东路冷空气影响时逆温消失。不同类型逆温强度不同可能与925 hPa和近地面的风向风速、锋前升温及气团源地有关。逆温层多在300 m以下,逆温强度为1-5℃/(100 m),近地层有浅薄湿区,相对湿度为40%-90%。动力条件方面,低层辐合下沉区域霾常加重,并伴有明显气流停滞区,区域过程累积风矢量和很小,在100-500 m/s范围内,不利于污染物的水平扩散。冷锋前部型气流输送的气溶胶主要来源于西北-华北地区,低压倒槽型则主要来自华南,均压区型主要来源于本地。通过研究江苏秋冬季重度霾的天气特征得到了一些有意义的结果,可为今后预报提供更多参考依据。  相似文献   

蒙特卡洛模拟的现状和未来   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Murt.  JA 巴海燕 《国外石油地质》1998,(1):9-21

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Spatial and temporal distribution of dissolved/dispersed aromatic hydrocarbons in seawater in the area affected by the Prestige oil spill   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

González JJ  Viñas L  Franco MA  Fumega J  Soriano JA  Grueiro G  Muniategui S  López-Mahía P  Prada D  Bayona JM  Alzaga R  Albaigés J 《Marine pollution bulletin》2006,53(5-7):250-259

Seawater samples collected at three depths from 68 stations along the Northern Spanish coast were analysed for dissolved/dispersed petroleum aromatic hydrocarbons by UV-fluorescence and for 25 individual compounds by GC-MS. Sampling was performed in December 2002, just after the Prestige oil spill, and in February-March and September 2003. Higher concentrations of total aromatic hydrocarbons were found at all depths in the samples collected during December 2002 off the Galicia coast, with levels ranging between 0.19 and 28.8 microg/L eq. oil (0.1-4.8 microg/L chrysene eq.). These values decreased in the following cruises, till <0.05-2.86 microg/L oil eq. (av. 0.23 microg/L chrysene eq.) in September 2003, possibly representing the background levels for the region. However, in the Cantabrian coast they were still high at the surface in the March cruise, probably by the late arrival of the fuel-oil to this area. Some coastal hot spots were also identified, with values up to 29.2 microg/L fuel-oil eq., close to river mouths and urban areas. The individual PAH distributions in the December 2002 sampling off-Galicia were dominated by alkyl-naphthalene derivatives, consistently with the pattern distribution shown by the fuel-oil water accommodated fraction. The higher concentrations were found in the subsurface samples along the Costa da Morte, the area most heavily affected by the spill (av. 0.46 microg/L Sigma16 PAHs). The rest of the samples collected in other areas exhibited lower concentrations and a more even distribution of 2-4 ring PAHs, that ranged from 0.09 to 0.37 microg/L (av. 0.15 microg/L Sigma16 PAHs), with decreasing trends offshore and downward the water column. In September 2003, the values were rather uniform, averaging 0.09 microg/L (Sigma16 PAHs).  相似文献   

Geological characterization of the Prestige sinking area     

Ercilla G  Córdoba D  Gallart J  Gràcia E  Muñoz JA  Somoza L  Vázquez JT  Vilas F;Prestige Group 《Marine pollution bulletin》2006,53(5-7):208-219

The tanker Prestige sank off NW Iberia on the 19th November 2002. The stern and bow of the Prestige wreck are located on the southwestern edge of the Galicia Bank, at 3565 m and 3830 m water depths, respectively. This bank is a structural high controlled by major faults with predominant N-S, NNE-SSW, and NNW-SEE trends. It is characterized by moderate to low seismic activity. The faults have controlled the local depositional architecture, deforming, fracturing, relocating and distributing sediments since the Valangian (early Cretaceous). The Prestige sinking area corresponds to an asymmetric half-graben structure with a N-S trend, which conditions the present-day morphology. The faulted flank outcrops and its activity and erosion have favoured the occurrence of mass-movements (slumps, slump debris, mass-flows and turbidity currents), building valleys and depositional lobes. Nearsurface sediments comprise mostly terrigenous and biogenous turbiditic muds and sands with a minor presence of hemipelagic muds, except on the fault scarp where pelagites predominate. Potential geological hazards resulting from tectonic and sedimentary processes affect almost the entire Prestige sinking area.  相似文献   

Total mercury in sediments from mud volcanoes in Gulf of Cadiz     

Mieiro CL  Pato P  Pereira E  Mirante F  Coutinho JA  Pinheiro LM  Magalhães VH  Duarte AC 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(9):1539-1544

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