The next frontiers in research on submerged prehistoric sites and landscapes on the continental shelf     

F. Sturt  N.C. Flemming  D. Carabias  H. Jöns  J. Adams 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(5):654-683

Submerged prehistory has emerged as a key topic within archaeology over the last decade. During this period the broader academic community has become aware of its potential for revolutionising our understanding of the past. With recent technological and scientific developments has come an opportunity to investigate larger areas and learn more than previously thought possible. When charting the future of the subject, however, it is also necessary to consider its historical trajectory. This sense of opportunity and optimism has been experienced before, but not sustained. As such, our greatest challenge lies not in adopting technological developments, but in maintaining momentum.  相似文献   

Reducing leachable petroleum hydrocarbon concentration in weathered fuel oil contaminated soil by chemical oxidation with hydrogen peroxide     

E. Romero-Frasca  R. H. Adams  V. I. Domínguez-Rodríguez 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2018,15(11):2381-2388

Number 6 fuel oil is one of the most used energy sources for electricity generation. However, leaks can contaminate soil and also groundwater due to leaching. At old sites, the oil may have low toxicity but still contaminate groundwater with foul-tasting compounds even at low concentrations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of applying H₂O₂ to reduce the leaching potential of a fuel oil contaminated soil. A silt-loam soil was collected from a contaminated thermal-electric plant with a hydrocarbon concentration of 3.2% in soil producing 4.3 mg/l in leachate. Hydrogen peroxide was applied (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2% dry weight basis), and petroleum hydrocarbons were measured in soil and leachate pre- and post-treatment (72 h). At first, the soil and leachate concentrations diminished linearly (24.4 and 27.3% in soil and leachate, respectively). This was followed by a phase in which the concentration in leachate diminished greatly (75.8%) although the concentration in soil was reduced only moderately (15.1%). Overall, hydrocarbons in leachates were reduced 82.4% even though concentrations in soil were only reduced 35.8%. Correlation analysis showed that at only 1.0% w/w H₂O₂ a concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons in leachate safe for human consumption (≤ 1 mg/l) could be obtained even with a final hydrocarbon concentration in soil > 2%. Thus, this study presents an alternative strategy for remediation of fuel oil contaminated soils in urban environments that protects water sources by focusing on contamination in leachates, without spending extra financial resources to reduce the hydrocarbon concentration in low-toxicity soil.  相似文献   

Inorganic carbon dynamics and CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> flux associated with coal-mine drainage sites in Blythedale PA and Lambert WV,USA     

Dorothy J. Vesper  Johnathan E. Moore  James P. Adams 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(4):340

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Relationship of instruments and policy in the Hawaii warning system     

William Mansfield Adams 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(1):15-26

The tsunami which follows a strong local earthquake occurs within a few minutes of the origin time. This requires that any warning system for such local tsunamis be decentralized, as in the system used by the Japan Meterological Agency. Thus, decisions are being made by local officials rather than in a central office. This usually means that the level of training, the education, and the preparation is not as intense in such a local office as in a central office. Therefore, the decision making should be assisted by instrumentation that discriminates tsunamigenic earthquakes from non‐tsunamigenic earthquakes. This is not yet possible in real time; however, since only very large earthquakes (more than 6.5) generate significant tsunamis, an instrument to inform the local official of the tsunami prospects can be implemented.

An instrument for assisting the local decision maker has been developed. This instrument consists of an analog computer (an inverted pendulum having a period of 0.75 sec and damping about 0.3) and a digital computer (a hardwired signal‐recognition circuit), providing output to a display of status or alarm. The level of displacement (or velocity or acceleration) , the number of times that the threshold must be exceeded, and the time window within which the excedance must occur are all adjustable. Initial settings require about 0.06 g three times, not more than ten seconds apart. Battery back‐up and test circuitry are provided.

Since the operating instructions require that motion be felt before the instrument alarm be considered valid, great weight is given to assuring that the instrument will operate when required. The instru‐ment is always “ON,”; with the earthquake turning it “OFF”; thus, it is continually self‐testing.

Twelve units have been installed in police stations, fire stations, or similar locations around the State of Hawaii, which funded the system developed at Indiana University. This tsunami seismic trigger should be considered whenever the primary objective is to trigger an alarm rather than to record data; the emphasis in design and development has been on reminding the local official when there may be a tsunami hazard and not on recording research data.  相似文献   

Discussion of: ‘The Humphrey Head Borehole: Evidence for Carboniferous vulcanicity and Permian dolomitization in the southern Lake District’ by A. E. Adams and W. J. Wadsworth     

D. W. Holliday  I. E. Penn  A. E. Adams  W. J. Wadsworth 《Geological Journal》1994,29(1):79-80

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An Early Pleistocene hippopotamus from Westbury Cave,Somerset, England: support for a previously unrecognized temperate interval in the British Quaternary record     

Neil F. Adams  Ian Candy  Danielle C. Schreve 《第四纪科学杂志》2022,37(1):28-41

Although fossil assemblages from the late Early Pleistocene are very rare in Britain, the site of Westbury Cave in Somerset, England, has the potential to address this gap. The mammal fossils recovered previously from the Siliceous Member in Westbury Cave, though few in number, have hinted at an age for the deposits that is as yet unparalleled in Britain. Here, we describe the first bona fide occurrence of Hippopotamus in the British Early Pleistocene, discovered during recent reinvestigation of the Siliceous Member. The hippo fossil indicates a refined biochronological age of ca. 1.5–1.07 Ma for the Siliceous Member and a palaeoclimate that was warm and humid, which accords well with previous palaeoenvironmental inferences. A synthesis of late Early Pleistocene hippo occurrences suggests that the Siliceous Member hippo may have been part of an early colonization of north-west Europe by these megaherbivores, possibly during MIS (Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage) 31. Alternatively, it evidences a currently cryptic northward migration during an even earlier temperate phase. In either case, the Siliceous Member is likely to represent a warm period that has not been recognized previously in the British Quaternary record.  相似文献   

Geophysical Surveys in the Jebel Hamrat Fidan,Jordan     

Alan J. Witten  Thomas E. Levy  Russell B. Adams  I.J. Won 《Geoarchaeology》2000,15(2):135-150

The Jebel (Jebel is mountain in Arabic) Hamrat Fidan marks the “gateway” to the Feinan district of southern Jordan—one of the largest sources of copper during the prehistoric and Early Bronze Ages in the eastern Mediterranean. Preliminary excavations and surveys at sites along the Wadi Fidan have revealed a long history of settled occupation extending from the Pre‐Pottery Neolithic (ca. 6,500 B.C.) to early medieval times. Because of this long history of occupation, and the fact that this area was a regional center for the production of copper, the study of this area is important for understanding early metallurgy, craft specialization, and social evolution. During the summer of 1997, geophysical investigations at a series of Neolithic and Bronze Age sites identified specific areas within Wadi Fidan for future intensive excavations. Three geophysical techniques (electromagnetic induction, ground‐penetrating radar, and magnetometry) were used to help locate buried architectural and industrial features remaining from early mining and metallurgical operations, including copper ore bodies or voids. Geophysics was not used at the actual mining sites because of scheduling constraints; however, geophysics did delineate buried stone walls at three distinct Wadi Fidan sites. Magnetometry and ground penetrating radar provided little useful information. Buried stone walls were apparently “masked” by numerous magnetic stones on the ground surface making magnetometry useless. Reflections from known strata demonstrated that radar penetrated the ground adequately; however, known shallowly buried walls were not recognizable. Electromagnetic induction produced maps of linear and rectilinear features that suggested spatial distribution of widespread buried stone walls suitable for future excavation. A significant and unexpected finding was that electromagnetic induction proved capable of delineating buried stone walls. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.  相似文献   

Sedimentology: Recent developments & applied aspects edited by P. J. Brenchley and B. P. J. Williams,Geological Society,London, Special Publication,Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1985. No. of Pages: 342. Price: £29.80 (Cloth), £15.80 (Paper)     

A. E. Adams 《Geological Journal》1986,21(1):77-78

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