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Principal science goals for exploration of Mars are to establish the chemical, isotopic, and physical state of Martian material, the nature of major surface-forming processes and their time scales, and the past and present biological potential of the planet. Many of those goals can only be met by detailed analyses of atmospheric gases and carefully selected samples of fresh rocks, weathered rocks, soils, sediments, and ices. The high-fidelity mineral separations, complex chemical treatments, and ultrasensitive instrument systems required for key measurements, as well as the need to adapt analytical strategies to unanticipated results, point to Earth-based laboratory analyses on returned Martian samples as the best means for meeting the stated objectives. 相似文献
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伊伯利亚地块中区的托利多糜棱岩代表一条主韧性剪切带。但仅出露一小部分可供观察。沿托利多结晶地块南缘由混合岩产生的糜棱岩为300～350m厚、向南缓倾的带。上盘为被晚海西期花岗质侵入体侵入的古生代低级交沉积岩。具不同构造、变质条件的上、下盘的斜接表明剪切带是具大距离位移的主构造。在明显地减小围限压力、温度条件下的递进简单剪切受到显微角砾状糜棱岩、碎裂岩和覆盖糜棱岩的超碎裂岩的支持。碎裂岩岩崖的顶与剪切带的滑脱部分是一致的。构造关系,同中型及显微构造证据(拉伸线理和不对称剪切方向的标志)结合支持糜棱岩和碎裂岩都是随连续伸展变形期间形成滑脱断裂作用伴生的结论。为变质核杂岩的形成提出的滑脱断层模式也适用于托利多地块。作者提出一个解释,印早二叠世期间,在较大的构造层次伴随伸展作用从韧性变形过渡到脆性变形的模式。 相似文献
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We compare the peculiar velocities measured in the surface brightness fluctuation survey of galaxy distances with the predictions from the density fields of the IRAS 1.2 Jy flux-limited redshift survey and the optical redshift survey (ORS) to derive simultaneous constraints on the Hubble constant H0 and the density parameter beta=Omega0.6&solm0;b, where b is the linear bias. We find that betaI=0.42+0.10-0.06 and betaO=0.26+/-0.08 for the IRAS and ORS comparisons, respectively, and that H0=74+/-4 km s-1 Mpc (with an additional 9% uncertainty due to the Cepheids themselves). The match between predicted and observed peculiar velocities is good for these values of H0 and beta, and although there is covariance between the two parameters, our results clearly point toward low-density cosmologies. Thus, the unresolved discrepancy between the "velocity-velocity" and "density-density" measurements of beta continues. 相似文献
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Preliminary evidence for human fecal contamination in corals of the Florida Keys,USA 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Lipp EK Jarrell JL Griffin DW Lukasik J Jacukiewicz J Rose JB 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,44(7):666-670
Corals and reef environments are under increased stress from anthropogenic activities, particularly those in the vicinity of heavily populated areas such as the Florida Keys. The potential adverse impacts of wastewater can affect both the environment and human health; however, because of the high decay rate of bacterial indicators in coral reef waters it has been difficult to document the presence of microbial contaminants and to assign risks in these environments. Here we show initial evidence that microorganisms associated with human feces are concentrated along the surface of coral heads relative to the overlying water column in the Florida Keys. Bacterial indicators (fecal coliform bacteria, enterococci or Clostridium perfringens) were detected in 66.7% of the coral surface microlayer (CSM) samples at levels between five and 1000 CFU/100 ml, but were found infrequently and at low numbers in the overlying water column ( < or = 2.5 CFU/100 ml). Similarly, enterovirus nucleic acid sequences, an indicator of human-specific waste, were detected in 93.3% of the CSM samples and only once in the water column by cell culture. Results show that coral mucus may accumulate enteric microorganisms in reef environments, and may indicate a risk to public and environmental health despite low indicator levels in the surrounding water. 相似文献
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High-resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio, blue-violet spectra of three red giant branch tip stars in M15 have been obtained with the Keck I High-Resolution Echelle Spectrograph. These spectra have been analyzed to determine the abundances of several neutron-capture elements, including the radioactive chronometer element thorium. There are two principal results of this study. First, the abundances of the heavier (Z>/=56) elements for each of the three stars is well matched by a scaled solar system r-process abundance distribution. Second, a weighted mean-observed Th/Eu ratio for the stars implies an age for the neutron-capture material in M15 stars of 14+/-3 Gyr, in reasonable agreement with other recent age estimates for Galactic globular clusters. 相似文献
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联邦地理数据委员会基础制图数据分会负丽编制与维护数字正射影像与数字高程数据国家标准。ＳＢＣＤ受美国地质调查局之领导。ＵＳＧＳ将成为上述标准的权威。这些标准的目的在于为ＦＧＤＣ领导下的各地方,州及联邦机构中的数字高程与数字正身影像数据用户及生产商提供一个灵活的,内涵丰富的标准。 相似文献