Promises and Perils of Decentralized Forest Governance: The Case of Indonesia's Forest Management Units in Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+)     

Jae Soo Bae  Lawrence Fisher  Moira Moeliono  Jessica DeShazo 《社会与自然资源》2014,27(12):1346-1354

Indonesia's forest management unit (Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan or KPH) system can be a promising mechanism for balancing international and national interests for global carbon mitigation initiatives with local interests in project implementation. We discuss the potential role of the KPH system in implementing REDD+ (Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) projects and improving decentralized forest governance. Substantial financial gains from international initiatives like REDD+ and others can provide appropriate motivation for the central government to ensure successful decentralization of forest management. Development and implementation of REDD+ activities can also support the KPHs in performing their basic functions: conducting forest inventory, developing and implementing forest management plans, and strengthening communication and coordination with local communities. However, engaging indigenous peoples and local communities, which is a legal mandate for the system, will require building some measure of democratic process that can hold the KPHs accountable to local people.  相似文献   

Climate variability and its effects on major fisheries in Korea     

Suam Kim  Chang-Ik Zhang  Jin-Yeong Kim  Jae-Ho Oh  Sukyung Kang  Jae Bong Lee 《Ocean Science Journal》2007,42(3):179-192

Understanding in climate effects on marine ecosystem is essential to utilize, predict, and conserve marine living resources in the 21s t century. In this review paper, we summariz ed t h e past history and current status of Korean fisheries as well as the changes in climate and oceanographic phenomena since the 1960s. Ocean ecosystems in Korean waters can be divided into three, based on the marine commercial fish catches; the demersal ecosystem in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea, the pelagic ecosystem in the Tsushima Warm Current from the East China Sea to the East/Japan Sea, and the demersal ecosystem in the northern part of the East/Japan Sea. Through the interdisciplinary retrospective analysis using available fisheries, oceanographic, and meteorological information in three important fish communities, the trend patterns in major commercial catches and the relationship between climate/ environmental variability and responses of fish populations were identified. Much evidence revealed that marine ecosystems, including the fish community in Korean waters, has been seriously affected by oceanographic changes, and each species has responded differently. In general, species diversity is lessening, and mean trophic level of each ecosystem has decreased during the last 3~4 decades. Future changes in fisheries due to global warming are also considered for major fisheries and aquaculture in Korean waters.  相似文献   

Seismic demand sensitivity of reinforced concrete shear‐wall building using FOSM method     

Tae‐Hyung Lee  Khalid M. Mosalam 《地震工程与结构动力学》2005,34(14):1719-1736

The uncertainty in the seismic demand of a structure (referred to as the engineering demand parameter, EDP) needs to be properly characterized in performance‐based earthquake engineering. Uncertainties in the ground motion and in structural properties are responsible for EDP uncertainty. In this study, sensitivity of EDPs to major uncertain variables is investigated using the first‐order second‐moment method for a case study building. This method is shown to be simple and efficient for estimating the sensitivity of seismic demand. The EDP uncertainty induced by each uncertain variable is used to determine which variables are most significant. Results show that the uncertainties in ground motion are more significant for global EDPs, namely peak roof acceleration and displacement, and maximum inter‐storey drift ratio, than those in structural properties. Uncertainty in the intensity measure (IM) of ground motion is the dominant variable for uncertainties in local EDPs such as the curvature demand at critical cross‐sections. Conditional sensitivity of global and local EDPs given IM is also estimated. It is observed that the combined effect of uncertainties in structural properties is more significant than uncertainty in ground motion profile at lower IM levels, while the opposite is true at higher IM levels. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Reduction of hexavalent chromium by pyrite-rich andesite in different anionic solutions     

Jae Kim  Pil-Kyun Jung  Hi-Soo Moon  Chul-Min Chon 《Environmental Geology》2002,42(6):642-648

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Artificial neural networks for predicting DGPS carrier phase and pseudorange correction   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Arif Indriyatmoko  Taesam Kang  Young Jae Lee  Gyu-In Jee  Yong Beom Cho  Jeongrae Kim 《GPS Solutions》2008,12(4):237-247

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used to predict the differential global positioning system (DGPS) pseudorange and carrier phase correction information. Autoregressive moving average (ARMA) and autoregressive (AR) models were bounded with neural networks to provide predictions of the correction. The neural network was employed to realize time-varying implementation. Online training for real-time prediction of the carrier phase enhances the continuity of service of the differential correction signals and, therefore, improves the positioning accuracy. When the correction signal from the DGPS was lost, the artificial neural networks predicted the correction data with good accuracy for the navigation system during a limited period. Comparisons of the prediction results using the two models are given.

Young Jae LeeEmail:

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We Need Some New Ideas. An Editorial Essay     

Jae Edmonds 《Climatic change》1998,38(2):129-132

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Inference models for tidal flat elevation and sediment grain size: A Preliminary approach on tidal flat macrobenthic community     

Jae -Won Yoo  In -Seo Hwang  Jae -Sang Hong 《Ocean Science Journal》2007,42(2):69-79

A vertical transect with 4 km length was established for the macrofaunal survey on the Chokchon macrotidal flat in Kyeonggi Bay, Incheon, Korea, 1994. Tidal elevation (m) and sediment mean grain size (φ) were inversely predicted by the transfer functions from the faunal assemblages. Three methods: weighted average using optimum value (WA), tolerance weighted version of the weighted average (WAT ) and maximum likelihood calibration (MLC) were employed. Estimates of tidal elevation and mean grain size obtained by using the three different methods showed positively corresponding trends with the observations. The estimates of MLC were found to have the minimum value of sum of squares due to errors (SSE). When applied to the previous data (1990~1992), each of three inference models exhibited high predictive power. This result implied there are visible relationships between species composition and faunas’ critical environmental factors. Although a potential significance of the two major abiotic factors was re-affirmed, a weak tendency of biological interaction was detected from faunal distribution patterns across the flat. In comparison to the spatial and temporal patterns of the estimates, it was suggested that sediment characteristics were the primary factors regulating the distribution of macrofaunal assemblages, rather than tidal elevation, and the species composition may be sensitively determined by minute changes in substratum properties on a tidal flat.  相似文献   

Tidal and Sub-tidal Current Characteristics in the Kangjin Bay,South Sea,Korea     

Young Jae Ro 《Ocean Science Journal》2007,42(1):19-30

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Molecular phylogenetic analyses of threeSynechococcus strains isolated from seawater near the ieodo ocean research station     

Dong Han Choi  Jae Hoon Noh 《Ocean Science Journal》2006,41(4):315-318

ThreeSynechococcus strains were isolated from seawater near the Ieodo Ocean Research Station (IORS), and their 16S rDNA genes and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes were sequenced to investigate their phylogenetic relationships. Phylogenetic trees based on the 16S rDNA and ITS sequences showed that they clustered in the main MC-ASynechococcus group (subcluster 5.1), but formed branches differentiating them from the described clades. As the IORS is located in an area affected by diverse water masses, highSynechococcus diversity is expected in the area. Therefore, the IORS might be a good site to study the diversity, physiology, and distribution of theSynechococcus group. Key words —Synechococcus, Phylogeney, 16S rRNA, ITS gene, Ieodo  相似文献   

Numerical modeling of tide and tidal current in the kangjin bay,south sea,Korea     

Young Jae Ro  Kwang Young Jung  Woong Sik Jun  Hyun Min Eom 《Ocean Science Journal》2007,42(3):153-163

This study is based on a series of numerical modeling experiments to understand the tidal circulation in the Kangjin Bay (KB). The tidal circulation in the KB is mostly controlled by the inflow from two channels, Noryang and Daebang which introduce the open ocean water into the northern part of the KB with relatively strong tidal current, while in the southern part of the KB, shallowest region of the entire study area, weak tidal current prevails. The model prediction of the sea level agrees with observed records at skill scores exceeding 90 % in terms of the four major tidal constituents (M2, S2, K1, O1). However, the skill scores for the tidal current show relatively lower values of 87, 99, 59, 23 for the semi-major axes of the constituents, respectively. The tidal ellipse parameters in the KB are such that the semi-major axes of the ellipse for M2 range from 1.7 to 38.5 cm/s and those for S2 range from 0.5 to 14.4 cm/s. The orientations of the major-axes show parallel with the local isobath. The eccentricity values at various grid points of ellipses for M2 and S2 are very low with 0.2 and 0.06 on the average, respectively illustrating that the tidal current in the KB is strongly recti-linear. The magnitude of the tidal residual current speed in the KB is on the order of a few cm/s and its distribution pattern is very complex. One of the most prominent features is found to be the counter-clockwise eddy recirculation cell at the mouth of the Daebang Channel.  相似文献