What Causes the Springtime Tropospheric Ozone Maximum over Northeast Asia？   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jae H. KIM  Hyunjin LEE 《大气科学进展》2010,27(3):543-551

Scientists have long debated the relative importance of tropospheric photochemical production versus stratospheric influx as causes of the springtime tropospheric ozone maximum over northern mid-latitudes. This paper investigates whether or not stratospheric intrusion and photochemistry play a significant role in the springtime ozone maximum over Northeast Asia,where ozone measurements are sparse.We examine how tropospheric ozone seasonalities over Naha(26°N,128°E),Kagoshima(31°N,131°E),and Pohang(36°N,129°E),which are located on the same meridional line,are related to the timing and location of the jet stream.The ozone seasonality shows a gradual increase from January to the maximum ozone month,which corresponds to April at Naha,May at Kagoshima,and June at Pohang.In order to examine the occurrence of stratospheric intrusion,we analyze a correlation between jet stream activity and tropospheric ozone seasonality.From these analyses,we did not find any favorable evidence supporting the hypothesis that the springtime enhancement may result from stratospheric intrusion.According to trajectory analysis for vertical and horizontal origins of the airmass,a gradual increasing tendency in ozone amounts from January until the onset of monsoon was similar to the increasing ozone formation tendency from winter to spring over mainland China,which has been observed during the build-up of tropospheric ozone over Central Europe in the winter-spring transition period due to photochemistry.Overall,the analyses suggest that photochemistry is the most important contributor to observed ozone seasonality over Northeast Asia.  相似文献   

Influence of ENSO variability on sinking-particle fluxes in the northeastern equatorial Pacific     

Hyung Jeek Kim 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2011,58(8):865-874

A time-series sediment trap was operated from July 2003 to July 2008 at a station located in the 10°N thermocline ridge of the northeastern equatorial Pacific (10°30′N, 131°20′W), with the aim of understanding variations in natural background sinking-particle flux and the influence on such fluxes of ENSO (El Niño-Southern Oscillation). Each one of weak El Niño, moderate El Niño and moderate La Niña were observed during the monitoring period. During non-ENSO periods, total mass fluxes varied from 4.1 to 36.9 mg m⁻² d⁻¹, with a distinct seasonal variation, ranging from an average flux of 14.0 mg m⁻² d⁻¹ in the warm season (June-November) to 25.3 mg m⁻² d⁻¹ in the cold season (December-May). This seasonal fluctuation was characterized by a distinct difference in CaCO₃ flux between the two seasons. The enhanced particle fluxes during the cold season are attributed to the supply of nutrient-enriched subsurface water by wind-driven vertical mixing, supported by a simultaneous reduction in sea surface temperature and enhanced trade winds. The weak El Niño event occurred in the monitoring period had no recognizable effect on particle fluxes in the study area, but the moderate El Niño event was accompanied by a significant reduction in particle fluxes to 60% of the average background value in the warm season. In contrast, particle fluxes during the moderate La Niña increased to a maximum value of 129.9 mg m⁻² d⁻¹, almost three times the average background value. Organic carbon and biogenic silica fluxes were most sensitive to the El Niño and La Niña conditions. The observed variations of particle fluxes are synchronized with those of chlorophyll-a, suggesting primary productivity for the main cause of flux change. The present data indicate that marked seasonal variability in background fluxes commonly exceeds the variability associated with ENSO and post-ENSO signals, which should be taken into account when evaluating the influence of ENSO on sinking particle fluxes in the 10°N thermocline ridge area.  相似文献   

Influence of extractable soil manganese on oxidation capacity of different soils in Korea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Chul-Min Chon  Jae Gon Kim  Gyoo Ho Lee  Tack Hyun Kim 《Environmental Geology》2008,55(4):763-773

We examined the relationship between soil oxidation capacity and extractable soil manganese, iron oxides, and other soil properties. The Korean soils examined in this study exhibited low to medium Cr oxidation capacities, oxidizing 0.00–0.47 mmol/kg, except for TG-4 soils, which had the highest capacity for oxidizing added Cr(III) [>1.01 mmol/kg of oxidized Cr(VI)]. TG and US soils, with high Mn contents, had relatively high oxidation capacities. The Mn amounts extracted by dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate (DCB) (Mn^d), NH₂OH·HCl (Mn^h), and hydroquinone (Mn^r) were generally very similar, except for the YS1 soils, and were well correlated. Only small proportions of either total Mn or DCB-extractable Mn were extracted by NH₂OH·HCl and hydroquinone in the YS1 soils, suggesting inclusion of NH₂OH·HCl and hydroquinone-resistant Mn oxides, because these extractants are weaker reductants than DCB. No Cr oxidation test results were closely related to total Mn concentrations, but Mn^d, Mn^h, and Mn^r showed a relatively high correlation with the Cr tests (r = 0.655–0.851; P < 0.01). The concentrations of Mn^d and Mn^h were better correlated with the Cr oxidation tests than was the Mn^r concentration, suggesting that the oxidation capacity of our soil samples can be better explained by Mn^d and Mn^h than by Mn^r. The first component in principal components analysis indicated that extractable soil Mn was a main factor controlling net Cr oxidation in the soils. Total soil Mn, Fe oxides, and the clay fraction are crucial for predicting the mobility of pollutants and heavy metals in soils. The second principal component indicated that the presence of Fe oxides in soils had a significant relationship with the clay fraction and total Mn oxide, and was also related to heavy-metal concentrations (Zn, Cd, and Cu, but not Pb).  相似文献   

Far-infrared detection limits – II. Probing confusion including source confusion     

Woong-Seob Jeong  Chris P. Pearson †  Hyung Mok Lee  Soojong Pak  Takao Nakagawa 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2006,369(1):281-294

We present a comprehensive analysis for the determination of the confusion levels for the current and the next generation of far-infrared surveys assuming three different cosmological evolutionary scenarios. We include an extensive model for diffuse emission from infrared cirrus in order to derive absolute sensitivity levels taking into account the source confusion noise due to point sources, the sky confusion noise due to the diffuse emission, and instrumental noise. We use our derived sensitivities to suggest best survey strategies for the current and the future far-infrared space missions Spitzer , AKARI ( ASTRO-F ), Herschel and SPICA . We discuss whether the theoretical estimates are realistic and the competing necessities of reliability and completeness. We find the best estimator for the representation of the source confusion and produce predictions for the source confusion using far-infrared source count models. From these confusion limits considering both source and sky confusions, we obtain the optimal, confusion limited redshift distribution for each mission. Finally, we predict the cosmic far-infrared background (CFIRB), which includes information about the number and distribution of the contributing sources.  相似文献   

Hydroclimatic controls on dissolved organic matter (DOM) characteristics and implications for trace metal transport in Hwangryong River Watershed,Korea, during a summer monsoon period     

Ji‐Hyung Park  Ji‐Ho Lee  Seo‐Young Kang  Sei‐Young Kim 《水文研究》2007,21(22):3025-3034

Frequent heavy rainfalls during the East Asian summer monsoon drastically increase water flow and chemical loadings to surface waters. A solid understanding of hydroclimatic controls on watershed biogeochemical processes is crucial for water quality control during the monsoon period. We investigated spatio‐temporal variations in the concentrations and spectroscopic properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and the concentrations of trace metals in Hwangryong River, Korea, during a summer period from the relatively dry month of June through the following months with heavy rainfall. DOM and its spectroscopic properties differed spatially along the river, and also depended on storm and flow characteristics around each sampling time. At a headwater stream draining a forested watershed, the concentrations (measured as dissolved organic carbon (DOC)), aromaticity (measured as specific UV absorbance at 254 nm), and fulvic acid‐ and protein‐like fluorescence of DOM were higher in stormflow than in baseflow waters. DOC concentrations and fluorescence intensities increased along the downstream rural and urban sites, in which DOC and fluorescence were not higher in stormflow waters, except for the ‘first flush’ at the urban site. The response of DOM in reservoir waters to monsoon rainfalls differed from that of stream and river waters, as illustrated by storm‐induced increases in DOM aromaticity and fulvic‐like fluorescence, and no significant changes in protein‐like fluorescence. The results suggest that surface water DOM and its spectroscopic properties differentially respond to changes in hydroclimatic conditions, depending on watershed characteristics and the influence of anthropogenic organic matter loadings. DOC concentrations and intensities of spectroscopic parameters were positively correlated with some of the measured trace metals (As, Co, and Fe). Further research will be needed to obtain a better understanding of climate effects on the interaction between DOM and trace metals. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Period and light variations for the cool, overcontact binary BX Pegasi     

Jae Woo Lee  Chun-Hwey Kim  Wonyong Han  Ho-Il Kim  Robert H. Koch 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2004,352(3):1041-1055

  相似文献   

Far-infrared detection limits – I. Sky confusion due to Galactic cirrus     

Woong-Seob Jeong  Hyung Mok Lee  Soojong Pak  Takao Nakagawa  Suk Minn Kwon  Chris P. Pearson  Glenn J. White 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2005,357(2):535-547

Fluctuations in the brightness of the background radiation can lead to confusion with real point sources. This type of confusion with background emission is relevant when making infrared (IR) observations with relatively large beam sizes, since the amount of fluctuation tends to increase with the angular scale. To quantitively assess the effect of the background emission on the detection of point sources for current and future far-IR observations by space-borne missions such as Spitzer , ASTRO-F , Herschel and Space Infrared Telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics ( SPICA ), we have extended the Galactic emission map to a higher level of angular resolution than that of the currently available data. Using this high-resolution map, we estimate the sky confusion noise owing to the emission from interstellar dust clouds or cirrus, based on fluctuation analysis and detailed photometry over realistically simulated images. We find that the confusion noise derived by simple fluctuation analysis agrees well with the results from realistic simulations. Although sky confusion noise becomes dominant in long wavelength bands  (>100 μm)  with 60–90 cm aperture missions, it is expected to be two orders of magnitude lower for the next generation of space missions (with larger aperture sizes) such as Herschel and SPICA .  相似文献   

Balancing global water availability and use at basin scale in an integrated assessment model     

Son H. Kim  Mohamad Hejazi  Lu Liu  Katherine Calvin  Leon Clarke  Jae Edmonds  Page Kyle  Pralit Patel  Marshall Wise  Evan Davies 《Climatic change》2016,136(2):217-231

  相似文献   

Adaptive GPS/INS integration for relative navigation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Je Young Lee  Hee Sung Kim  Kwang Ho Choi  Joonhoo Lim  Sebum Chun  Hyung Keun Lee 《GPS Solutions》2016,20(1):63-75

Relative navigation based on GPS receivers and inertial measurement units is required in many applications including formation flying, collision avoidance, cooperative positioning, and accident monitoring. Since sensors are mounted on different vehicles which are moving independently, sensor errors are more variable in relative navigation than in single-vehicle navigation due to different vehicle dynamics and signal environments. In order to improve the robustness against sensor error variability in relative navigation, we present an efficient adaptive GPS/INS integration method. In the proposed method, the covariances of GPS and inertial measurements are estimated separately by the innovations of two fundamentally different filters. One is the position-domain carrier-smoothed-code filter and the other is the velocity-aided Kalman filter. By the proposed two-filter adaptive estimation method, the covariance estimation of the two sensors can be isolated effectively since each filter estimates its own measurement noise. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method improves relative navigation accuracy by appropriate noise covariance estimation.  相似文献   

Flight test evaluation of ILS and GBAS performance at Gimpo International Airport     

Myeong-Sook Jeong  Joongwon Bae  Hyang-Sig Jun  Young Jae Lee 《GPS Solutions》2016,20(3):473-483

We address the differences in the ways the Instrument Landing System (ILS) and Ground-Based Augmentation System (GBAS) offer approach guidance, and their principles and methods. We perform comparative analysis of the accuracy of deviation between the GBAS Landing System (GLS) and ILS by means of flight tests, using the flight inspection aircraft at Gimpo International Airport. Our results show that the ILS deviation error increases as the distance between the threshold of runway and the aircraft increases; on the other hand, the GLS deviation error is stable, within the range of ±0.5 to ±2 m lateral and vertical deviation, respectively. We also analyze the alignment accuracy of the ILS and GLS based on the evaluation criteria of Category I of the Federal Aviation Administration, and our analysis results confirm that both systems satisfy the requirements (lateral: ±0.1°, vertical: ±0.05°).  相似文献